阿维链霉菌QL0827接合转移体系的建立

目的:建立工业生产菌株阿维链霉菌QL0827的接合转移体系。方法:优化接合转移条件,建立该菌株的接合转移体系;应用优化后的接合转移体系,将基因中断质粒导入该菌,定向敲除基因组上的序列;再将携带基因组上特定序列的整合型质粒和复制型质粒导入该菌体,建立该菌株的基因过表达体系。结果:相比标准的接合转移方法,优化后接合转移效率提高了近150倍,达到2.45×10-6;并成功地将pks3基因簇的部分序列删除。结论:建立了阿维链霉菌QL0827的接合转移体系。     

阿扎霉素F产生菌链霉菌211726基因转移系统的建立

旨在建立阿扎霉素F产生菌链霉菌211726的基因转移系统,以便基因敲除和外源基因表达等遗传操作。以整合型质粒pSET152和pIB139为出发质粒,通过接合转移构建了阿扎霉素F产生菌链霉菌211726的基因转移系统。结果显示25μg/mL阿泊拉霉素可有效筛选接合子。经PCR验证,质粒成功整合到菌株链霉菌211726基因组中,接合子经多次传代后,导入的质粒pSET152和pIB139仍稳定整合于接合子基因组上。     

子囊霉素产生菌吸水链霉菌FIM260840基因转移系统的建立

目的:建立子囊霉素产生菌吸水链霉菌FIM260840的接合基因转移体系,以便基因敲除和外源基因表达等遗传操作。方法:以整合型质粒p SET152为出发质粒,通过接合转移构建并子囊霉素产生菌FIM260840的基因转移系统。结果:12.5μg/m L安普霉素可有效筛选接合子。经PCR验证,质粒成功整合到菌株FIM260840基因组DNA中,所获接合子的安普霉素抗性高达400μg/m L以上。接合子经多次传代后,导入的质粒p SET152仍稳定整合于接合子基因组DNA上。结论:建立了高效、简便的吸水链霉菌FIM260840的基因转移系统,为该菌的生物合成基因改造奠定了基础。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因表达对金色链霉菌生长代谢的影响

利用四环素抗性基因启动子在金色链霉菌中表达透明颤菌血红蛋白基因。在1m3发酵罐中研究了工程菌株的生长代谢特性。在溶解氧充足的条件下,透明颤菌血红蛋白表达,对金色链霉菌生长代谢未产生明显影响,工程菌株与参比菌株的生长代谢特性基本一致,工程菌株和参比菌株金霉素最终浓度分别为22905u/mL、22896u/mL。在低溶解氧条件下,透明颤菌血红蛋白的表达,可促进金色链霉菌菌体生长、菌丝活力保持和金霉素的合成：工程菌菌体浓度比参比菌株高5％～10％,产物合成提高11.4％。     

Streptomyces lincolnensis新遗传操作方法的建立以及lmbQ基因功能研究

以载体pSET152和pKC1139为出发质粒,通过供体菌大肠杆菌ET12567和S17-1转入林可链霉菌 (Streptomyces lincolnensis),建立和优化了接合转移体系.林可霉素生物合成基因簇中,lmbQ基因可能编码一个调控蛋白,构建了S.lincolnensis lmbQ基因中断载体,通过接合转移导入S.lincolnensis野生型菌株,筛选得到基因双交换突变株,通过PCR以及测序验证基因型正确,该突变株即为lmbQ同框敲除突变株.摇瓶发酵结果表明,lmbQ基因是一个正调控基因.     

棒状链霉菌lat基因的中断对棒酸产量的影响

从棒状链霉菌中克隆1.8kb的lat基因片段,构建了基因置换质粒pXAL1和pXAL2。运用接合转移方法把中断载体导入棒状链霉菌中进行lat的中断,得到1株接合转移子AmrThios,命名为XAL863。通过Southern杂交分析及赖氨酸转氨酶活性测定,证明此菌株的lat基因被中断。通过发酵培养,HPLC方法检测棒酸含量,发现棒酸产量明显提高,约为原产量的1.8倍。     

庆大霉素生物合成基因genA的功能

【目的】在绛红色小单孢菌G1008(Micromonospora purpurea G1008)上构建genA基因缺失工程菌,通过分析其次级代谢产物的变化,推测genA基因功能。【方法】构建用于gen A基因框内敲除的质粒pAB103,经接合转移导入绛红色小单孢菌G1008,安普抗性及PCR扩增筛选获得genA缺失工程菌GA1048。【结果】与出发菌G1008相比,工程菌GA1048不再合成庆大霉素C族组分,主要积累中间代谢产物庆大霉素A2。【结论】genA基因失活导致庆大霉素生物合成代谢流中断,暗示gen A基因参与加洛糖胺C-3″位的氨甲基化。     

黑暗链霉菌DNA同源重组系统的构建

以黑暗链霉菌Tt-49基因组为模板,利用PCR方法,扩增安普霉素生物合成关键基因aprF-G的上、下游序列,作为同源交换臂,并将红霉素抗性基因筛选标记及其启动子插入两交换臂之间,以温敏型质粒pKC1139为基础,构建用于阻断黑暗链霉菌Tt-49安普霉素生物合成的重组质粒pFD8.该质粒通过E.coil ET12567/pUZ8002去甲基化修饰后,经接舍转移进入黑暗链霉菌Tt-49,利用红霉素抗性筛选得到3株阳性转化子,分别命名为Tt-49 AG1、Tt-49 AG2和Tt-49 AG3.通过PCR鉴定,证明pFD8已插入黑暗链霉菌Tt-49基因组的目标位点.以亲株作对照,对3株工程菌进行红霉素抗性能力考察,发现3株工程菌的抗红霉素能力均高迭1 000 μg/mL以上.     

阿维链霉菌NRRL8165中bldAa的克隆及其对形态分化与阿维菌素合成的影响

bldA编码天蓝色链霉菌中唯一有效识别UUA亮氨酸密码的tRNA(Leu)UUA。通过构建阿维链霉菌NRRL8165基因组亚文库,筛选得到含有阿维链霉菌bldAa及其侧翼序列的克隆。利用λRED介导的PCRtargeting技术构建了bldAa的基因置换质粒pHL358,将其跨属接合转移进入阿维链霉菌NRRL8165,筛选得到bldAa基因置换菌株TW10。TW10表现为光秃表型,表明bldAa调控阿维链霉菌的形态分化。摇瓶发酵TW10菌株并对发酵产物进行HPLC分析,发现TW10菌株均不合成阿维菌素组分,提示阿维菌素的合成受bldAa调控;考察阿维菌素生物合成基因簇,其中aveA3和aveR含有TTA密码,它们的翻译可能受bldAa调控,与实验结果一致。     

阿维链霉菌NRRL8165中bldAA的克隆及其对形态分化与阿维菌素合成的影响

bldA编码天蓝色链霉菌中唯一有效识别UUA亮氨酸密码的tRNA（Leu）UUA。通过构建阿维链霉菌NRRL8165基因组亚文库,筛选得到含有阿维链霉菌bldA。及其侧翼序列的克隆。利用λRED介导的PCR targeting技术构建了bldA。的基因置换质粒pHL358,将其跨属接合转移进入阿维链霉菌NRRL8165,筛选得到bldA。基因置换菌株TW10。TW10表现为光秃表型,表明bldA。调控阿维链霉菌的形态分化。摇瓶发酵TW10菌株并对发酵产物进行HPLC分析,发现TW10菌株均不合成阿维菌素组分,提示阿维菌素的合成受bldA。调控;考察阿维菌素生物合成基因簇,其中areA3和aveR含有TTA密码,它们的翻译可能受bldA。调控,与实验结果一致。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism