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1.
The osteological development of the head skeleton and dorsal, pectoral, and anal fin supports, are described from cleared and stained specimens ofLophius gastrophysus larvae, ranging from 4.6 to 21.8 mm NL; the results are compared with those of juvenile (79.8 mm SL) and adult (398 mm SL) specimens. Tiny conical teeth are present on the premaxillary, dentary, palatine and vomer since early stage. The first three dorsal fin spines are initially positioned on the midline of body posterior to the supraoccipital, but they migrate forward with growth and become cephalic in juveniles. The forward movement of the dorsal spines is produced by the forward extension of the cartilaginous basal inside the subepidermal space. During the planktonic larval stage the pectoral fins are on the sides of body as in ordinary fishes, but they move ventrad and become leg-like in bottom living juveniles and adults. Ossification of the caudal complex ofL. gastrophysus larvae proceeds very slowly and only the 21.8 mm NL larva has an almost completely ossified caudal complex. Eight principal caudal rays are loosely attached on the posterior edge of the hypurals and no procurrent rays are present. Larvae have well developed parhypurapophysis at the mid-portion of the urostyle which transforms into keel-like structure in juveniles and adults. 相似文献
2.
Two larvae [17.4 mm standard length: SL (postflexion stage)] and 26.1 mm SL (transformation stage)] and a juvenile (31.7 mm
SL) of a phosichthyid, Polymetme elongata, from Suruga Bay and offshore waters, central Japan, are described. These specimens had an elongate body with relatively
short preanal length (53–63% SL), long anal fin base (2.6–3.4 times dorsal fin base length), and anal fin origin below dorsal
fin base, and were further characterized by a blackish flap on each eye and internal clusters of melanophores (e.g., along
caudal myosepta around midlateral line and on ventral margin of caudal peduncle). The short preanal length and larval melanophore
pattern were very similar to those of another phosichthyid, Yarrella blackfordi, from the Atlantic Ocean. 相似文献
3.
Makoto Okamoto Keiichi Takeda Hiroya Sugisaki Takashi Asahida 《Ichthyological Research》2007,54(1):61-67
The early life stages of Lestidiops sphyraenopsis (Paralepididae) are described on the basis of 14 specimens [7.8 mm in notochord length (NL)–88.6 mm in standard length (SL)]
collected from the western North Pacific, and the holotype of Stemonosudis molesta is reexamined. Larval L. sphyraenopsis occurred in the Kuroshio waters, and juveniles were taken in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition waters. Diagnostic characters
of larval and juvenile L. sphyraenopsis are 96–101 myomeres; 27–31 anal fin rays; 4–9 peritoneal pigment sections in larvae (7.8 mm NL–27.3 mm SL); dorsal and anal
pigment patches present; and anus located anterior to a vertical through dorsal fin origin. Stemonosudis molesta, known only from the holotype from the South Pacific, is similar to immature specimens of L. sphyraenopsis, but can be clearly distinguished from the latter by having higher vertebral counts (105 vs. 96–101) and by morphometric
and pigment differences. Consequently, S. molesta is a valid species, and the distribution of L. sphyraenopsis is restricted to the North Pacific. 相似文献
4.
The morphology of the early stage of Eumegistus was described from three specimens [E. brevorti: 23.0 mm in standard length (SL) juvenile; E. illustris: 5.8 mm SL postflexion larva, and 40.0 mm SL juvenile] recently rediscovered in museum collections. Larval and juvenile pigmentation
patterns were reported for the first time for this genus. The 5.8 mm SL postflexion larva of E. illustris had pigmentation on the head and anterior half of the body, through to the middle of the dorsal fin base. In larvae and juveniles
of both species, the outer side of the pelvic fin was pigmented. The two juveniles possessed several spines on the lachrymal
and protruding rays in the middle of the caudal fin. Although it is known previously that the notochord flexion occurs at
5.0–6.0 mm SL in E. brevorti, the reexamined 5.0 mm SL specimen had the notochord completely flexed. Furthermore, we could not confirm whether the previously
studied 4.0 mm SL specimen was E. brevorti because it was badly damaged. 相似文献
5.
A new epigonid fish, Epigonus cavaticus, is described on the basis of eight specimens (59.2–69.5 in standard length: SL) collected from a cave at depth 20 m, southern
fringing reef of Ngemelis Island, Palau. The species differs from other congeners by having minute teeth on both jaws, no
opercular spine, pyloric caeca 7–8, gill rakers 25–27, total pored lateral line scales 48–50, dorsal fin rays VII-I, 10–11
(mode VII-I, 10), pectoral fin rays 16, vertebrae 10 + 15, body depth 21.4–25.0% SL, pectoral fin length 22.7–24.6% SL, eye
diameter 44.4–47.5% head length: HL, upper jaw length 40.2–42.5% HL. Four paratypes (63.7–66.8 mm SL) of the new species are
female with mature gonads, it is the smallest in size at sexual maturity among the congeners. 相似文献
6.
Early life stages of Artedidraco skottsbergi and A. shackletoni were collected off Adélie Land. The morphology and pigmentation pattern of nine larvae and juveniles of A. skottsbergi between 17.2 and 21.4 mm in standard length (SL), and of two juveniles of A. shackletoni measuring 25.1 mm SL were described. A. skottsbergi was characterized by a heavily pigmented body, except for the caudal peduncle, with distinctively dense pigmentation on the
ventrolateral half of the body and caudal section (17.2–17.9 mm SL). Furthermore, they had no pigmentation on the pectoral
fin base until they attained 21.4 mm SL. Juvenile A. shackletoni had a heavily pigmented body except for the ventral side of the abdomen and the anal fin base. The proximal part of the dorsal
fin and most of the anal fin were covered with melanophores. Although knowledge of larval and juvenile Artedidraco species is limited, the distribution of melanophores on the fins, pectoral fin base and caudal peduncle at each developmental
stage may be useful for species identification. 相似文献
7.
A new species,gerres infasciatus, from the gulf of thailand (perciformes: Gerreidae) 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Gerres infasciatus sp. nov. is described from the holotype and two paratypes, 125–140 mm in standard length (SL), collected off Samut Prakan,
northern Gulf of Thailand. The species is similar toG. filamentosus Cuvier andG. macracanthus Bleeker in general appearance, having an elongated second dorsal fin spine, but differs from them in having 39 or 40 pored
lateral line scales, the first and second soft dorsal fin ray tips yellow in fresh specimens, a narrow, faint dusky-yellowish
margin on the upper membrane of the spinous dorsal fin (between 4th–9th spines), the distal part of the pelvic fin (between
1st–5th soft rays) white for 1/3–1/2 of each ray length (lost after preservation), bands absent on the body in both fresh
and preserved specimens, a smaller orbit diameter (11.4–12.4% of SL), a longer second dorsal fin spine (48.0–68.9% of SL),
and shorter second and third anal fin spines (10.7–11.2% and 10.4–11.3% of SL), respectively. 相似文献
8.
Yoshifumi Sawada Keitaro Kato Tokihiko Okada Michio Kurata Yoshio Mukai Shigeru Miyashita Osamu Murata Hidemi Kumai 《Ichthyological Research》1999,46(3):245-257
The growth and morphological development of larval and juvenileEpinephelus bruneus were examined in a hatchery-reared series. Average body length (BL) of newly-hatched larvae was 1.99 mm, the larvae growing
to an average of 3.96 mm by day 10, 6.97 mm by day 20, 12.8 mm by day 30, 22.1 mm by day 40 and 24.7 mm by day 45 after hatching.
Newly-hatched larvae had many mucous cells in the entire body epidermis. By about 4 mm BL, the larvae had developed pigment
patterns peculiar to epinepheline fishes, including melanophores on the dorsal part of the gut, on the tips of the second
dorsal and pelvic fin spines, and in a cluster on the ventral surface of the tail. Spinelets on the second dorsal and pelvic
fin spines, the preopercular angle spine and the supraocular spine, had started to develop by about 6 mm BL. The notochord
tip was in the process of flexion in larvae of 6–8 mm BL, by which time major spines, pigments and jaw teeth had started to
appear. Fin ray counts had attained the adult complement at 10 mm BL. After larvae reached 17 mm BL, elements of juvenile
coloration in the form of more or less densely-pigmented patches started to appear on the body. Squamation started at 20 mm
BL. Major head spines had disappeared or became relatively smaller and lost their serrations by 20–25 mm BL. 相似文献
9.
Juvenile development ofSuggrundus meerdervoortii was described, based on twelve specimens (12.9–43.8 mm SL) collected from off Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Sea. Two exterior
openings in the lateral line scales were completed at ca. 35 mm SL, with the interopercular flap and iris lappet being visible
at ca. 44 mm SL, these all being useful taxonomic characters. In juveniles and additional young and adult specimens (ca. 70–191
mm SL), the proportions of head length, snout length, orbital diameter, caudal peduncle depth and caudal fin length decreased
with growth; interorbital width decreased rapidly until ca. 70 mm SL, but more or less stabilised thereafter (70–191 mm SL). 相似文献
10.
A new species of mudskipper,Periophthalmus spilotus, is described on the basis of 16 specimens from Sumatra, Indonesia. It differs from other species ofPeriophthalmus by the following combination of characters: pelvic fins totally united into rounded disk; first dorsal fin high, greyish,
no spots on fin nor elongate spines; second dorsal fin typically with 14 total elements; anal fin typically with either 14
or 15 total elements; length of anal-fin base 21.8–29.0% SL; and length of second dorsal-fin base 22.5–26.7% SL. This species
is most similar to, and probably most closely related to,P. chrysospilos. 相似文献
11.
The annual reproductive cycle of the dragonet,Repomucenus valenciennei, from Tokyo Bay, Japan, was studied by analysis of seasonal trends in gonadosomatic indices and histological observations
of gonads. Sexual dimorphism in the growth of several body parts relative to standard length (SL) and changes in color pattern
of the first dorsal fin with growth were also investigated. The spawning season lasted from spring (April [1991] or February
[1992]) to autumn (October) with two spawning peaks, in spring and autumn. In spring, only one-year-old (age 1+) fish spawned,
age 0+ females not spawning until autumn, at which time they had reached age 1+. Likewise, histological observations of males
indicated that testes had reached full maturity by 80 mm SL (age 1+). The minimum mature size of females was estimated as
60 mm SL. In males 45–80 mm SL, the first spine of the first dorsal fin, last ray of the second dorsal fin, last ray of the
anal fin, and caudal fin ray showed strongly positive allometry, indicating rapid growth of these structures relative to SL.
Subsequently, their growth returned to an isometric pattern in males>80 mm SL. In females, on the other hand, the same body
parts showed slightly positive allometry throughout their growth. The color pattern on the first dorsal fin also changed in
males 45–80 mm SL. 相似文献
12.
Embryonic, larval and juvenile development of the roughskin sculpin,Trachidermus fasciatus (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Naohiko Takeshita Norio Onikura Seiichi Matsui Seirô Kimura 《Ichthyological Research》1997,44(2-3):257-266
Embryonic, larval and juvenile development of the catadromous roughskin sculpin,Trachidermus fasciatus, were described using eggs spawned in an aquarium. The eggs, measuring 1.98–2.21 mm in diameter, were light reddish-yellow
and had many oil globules, 0.05–0.18 mm in diameter. Hatching occurred 30 days after spawning at 2.3–11.3°C. The newly-hatched
larvae, measuring 6.9–7.3 mm BL, had a single oil globule, 9–10+25–26=34–36 myomeres and 6 or 7 large stellate melanophores
dorsally along the gut. The yolk was almost resorbed, number of pectoral-fin rays attained 16–17, and two parietal, one nuchal
and four preopercular spines were formed, 5 days after hatching, at 8.2–8.4 mm BL. The oil globule disappeared, and one supracleithral
spine was formed, 11 days after hatching, at 8.9–9.5 mm BL. Notochord flexion began 15 days after hatching, at 9.7–10.3 mm
BL. A posttemporal spine was formed 20 days after hatching, at 10.7–10.9 mm BL. The first dorsal fin spines (VII–VIII), second
dorsal fin and anal fin rays (18–19, 16–18, respectively) appeared 23 days after hatching, at 12.0–13.7 mm BL. The pelvic
fin spine and rays (I, 4) were formed and black bands on the head and sides of the body began to develop 27 days after hatching,
at 13.8–15.8 mm BL.
Newly-hatched larvae swam just below the surface in the aquaria. Preflexion larvae (8.9–9.5 mm BL), in which the oil globule
had disappeared, swam in the middle layer, while juveniles (13.8–15.8 mm BL) began swimming on the bottom of the aquaria.
Swimming behavior observed in the aquaria suggested that the fish started to change to a demersal existence at the juvenile
stage. 相似文献
13.
We investigated the size at maturation, breeding season, and morphological development of larvae and juveniles of a freshwater
pipefish Microphis leiaspis, which belongs to Gastrophori, collected from three rivers on the northern part of Okinawa-jima Island, Japan. The minimum
size of brooding males was 105–123 mm in standard length (SL). The smallest mature female was estimated to be ca. 130 mm SL
from the analysis of gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histological observations of gonads. The breeding season was estimated
to be from June to December according to monthly changes in female GSI, histological observations of gonads, and monthly changes
in the occurrence of brooding males. The number of eggs in the male brood pouch ranged from 75 to 241 (mean ± SD: 152 ± 52,
n = 22). The male releases newly hatched larvae in freshwater areas. After newborns grow in the sea, they return to freshwater
areas of the rivers and attain maturity. Microphis leiaspis was conformed to have an amphidromous life history. Notochord length of the released larvae was 6.1 mm, with a well-developed
finfold. Larvae attained 11.1 mm SL, formation of the caudal and dorsal fin rays was complete, and the caudal fin became lozenge
shaped at 30 days after the release, and juveniles reached 36.0 mm SL at 63 days after release. In the period between 30 and
63 days after the release, formation of all fins except the pectoral fins was completed, and caudal fin rays were extended
and sector shaped with deep slits between each fin ray. The morphology of the released larvae of M. leiaspis is similar to that of Gastrophori species, and the morphology of juveniles similar to other species of Microphis. 相似文献
14.
Recruitment courses of three amphidromous sleeper species, Eleotris acanthopoma, E. melanosoma, and E. fusca, were investigated at the surf zone adjacent to the river mouth and at five stations in the Teima River on Okinawa Island,
Japan. All three species occurred at the surf zone as pelagic larvae with transparent and compressed body, a conspicuous air
bladder, and an emarginated caudal fin. Eleotris fusca (16.0–19.6 mm in standard length: SL) sometimes possessed a vestige of the larval chin barbel and were larger than E. acanthopoma (9.7–13.2 mm SL) and E. melanosoma (11.2–12.8 mm SL). The pelagic larvae were also collected during full tide from the lower reaches of the tidally influenced
area of the river. The pelagic larvae may be carried in and out of the estuary with some tidal fluxes, and they may settle
when they reach the upper tidally influenced area where the salinity becomes extremely low. Body width and pigmentation of
newly settled larvae increased. E. fusca was considered to migrate upstream to the freshwater area against the flow of the river just after reaching the settled stage.
After settlement, all three species became completely pigmented, the caudal fin became round in shape, and the fin ray counts
became complete with growth. Also, E. acanthopoma dispersed widely to the lower part of the tidally influenced area or to the lower reaches of the freshwater area, E. melanosoma dispersed to the lower part of the tidally influenced area, and E. fusca dispersed upstream. 相似文献
15.
A new species of opisthoproctid, Dolichopteryx pseudolongipes, is described on the basis of three specimens (48.7–79.9 mm in standard length: SL) collected from the eastern Pacific Ocean.
This species is characterized by small tubular eyes (diameter 2.7–3.9% SL), presence of an adipose fin, anal fin base originating
under the dorsal fin base, relatively short predorsal (73.3–73.8% SL), prepelvic (64.3–67.9% SL), preanal (77.4–80.1% SL),
and preanus (71.5–75.7% SL) lengths; 31–33 (=9–10 + 22–24) gill rakers and 43–45 vertebrae. Although D. pseudolongipes had previously been confused with Dolichopteryx longipes, many differences between the species are apparent [e.g., adipose fin absent, anal fin base origin just behind dorsal fin
base, greater prepelvic length (70.3–72.7% SL), 25 gill rakers, and 46–47 vertebrae in D. longipes]. 相似文献
16.
Three exterilium larvae (18.2 mm notochord length to 113.3 mm standard length) of an ophidiid, Lamprogrammus shcherbachevi, from the western North Pacific are described. The specimens had a highly specialized morph with a remarkably elongate trailing
gut and ventral coracoid process, and many elongate anterior dorsal fin rays, as occur in other exterilium larvae, but were
characterized by unique melanophore patterns (a cluster of melanophores on the back of the stalked pectoral fin base, a row
of clusters midlaterally on the trunk and caudal region, and further clusters on the trailing gut). Although the largest specimen
(113.3 mm standard length, much larger than the previously recorded maximum size of exterilium larvae) retained typical features
of the exterilium stage, the ventral coracoid process was significantly reduced in size compared with that of a smaller specimen
(37.8 mm standard length). Comparison of the largest specimen with an adult suggests that the anterior dorsal fin rays would
disappear during the transformation stage. 相似文献
17.
The embryonic, larval and juvenile development of blue whiting,Sillago parvisquamis Gill, are described from a series of laboratory-reared specimens. Mean egg diameter and mean total length (TL) of newly-hatched
larvae were 0.71 mm and 1.58 mm, respectively. The eggs were non-adhesive, buoyant and spherical with an oil globule (mean
diameter 0.18 mm). Hatching occurred about 20 hours after fertilization at a temperature of 24.0–25.0°C, newly-hatched larvae
having 38–40 myomeres. The yolk and oil globule were completely absorbed 3 days after hatching at 2.8–3.2 (mean 3.0) mm TL.
Notochord flexion was completed by 7.2–8.2 (7.7) mm TL, and pectoral and caudal fin rays fully developed by approximately
10 mm and 8.5 mm TL, respectively. Completion of fin development occurred in the following sequence: caudal, pectoral, anal
and second dorsal, first dorsal and pelvic, the last-mentioned by approximately 11 mm TL. The larvae ofS. parvisquamis andS. japonica, which closely resemble each other in general morphology and pigmentation, could be distinguished as follows. Newly-hatchedS. parvisquamis larvae had more myomeres thanS. japonica (38–40 vs. 32–34) and more melanophores on the dorsal surface of the body (19–28 vs. about 40).Sillago japonica had a vertical band of melanophores on the caudal peduncle, which was lacking in postflexionS. parvisquamis larvae. In addition, juveniles ofS. parvisquamis (larger than 23 mm TL) had melanophores on the body extending anteriorly to below the lateral line to form a midlateral band,
whereas no obvious band occurred on similarly-sizedS. japonica juveniles. 相似文献
18.
Gerres chrysops, a new gerreid species from the Gulf of Thailand, is described on the basis of 29 specimens, 58–83 mm in standard length
(SL). A small-sized species (less than 100 mm SL), it is characterized by a silvery-gold sheen on the head and trunk, vivid
yellow or yellowish-hyaline fins in life, two supraneural bones (formula 0/0/2/) and dorsal fin rays usually IX, 10. The new
species is similar toG. decacanthus (Bleeker, 1865) andG. setifer (Hamilton, 1822), which are redescribed. being similarly small valid gerreid species characterized by two supraneural bones.
Together, the three species comprise “theGerres setifer complex.”Gerres chrysops differs from bothG. decacanthus andG. setifer in life and fresh colors, the body being silvery-gold with vivid yellow or yellowish dorsal, caudal, anal and pelvic fins,
and yellowish-hyaline pectoral fins (vs. silver body with hyaline fins in the latter two species).Gerres setifer differs fromG. chrysops andG. decacanthus in having the last dorsal fin spine longer than the penultimate spine (vs. almost same length or shorter), usually ten dorsal
fin spines and nine soft dorsal rays (vs. usually IX, 10), and 8 or 9 lower series gill rakers (vs. usually 7).Gerres decacanthus differs fromG. chrysops andG. setifer in having a shorter head, lesser body depth at the first anal fin spine base, lesser body width at the pectoral fin base,
and shorter second dorsal and third anal fin spines. The new species is currently known only from Angsilla, near Bangsaen,
and around Si Chang Island, northeastern Gulf of Thailand.Gerres decacanthus inhabits southern Chinese waters andG. setifer is currently known from the Bay of Bengal to the Andaman Sea. 相似文献
19.
The juveniles of Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard 1825), collected from the Indian Ocean and Japanese waters, are described with some ontogenetic morphological changes based on
six specimens having 14 dorsal and 13 anal fin soft rays, 56–62 scales in a longitudinal row along the midbody, and 30–32
gill-rakers on the first gill-arch. The juveniles of K. vaigiensis smaller than ca. 42 mm in standard length (SL) have the proximal parts of the dorsal and anal fin soft-rayed portions covered
with small scales, and the single outer row of the upper jaw teeth consisting of incisor-like and conically pointed teeth,
the former with polycuspid tips differing from the specimens greater than ca. 68 mm SL. The holotype of Cantharus lineolatus Valenciennes 1830, 41.5 mm SL, was included here in the juveniles as K. vaigiensis. Therefore, K. vaigiensis is recognized as a senior synonym of C. lineolatus. 相似文献
20.
Youichi Tsukamoto 《Ichthyological Research》2002,49(3):267-269
Pterothrissus
gissu is a rare albulid fish that is distributed in deep water off Japan. This fish is known to pass through a leptocephalus larval
stage, but only metamorphosed (after reaching the fully grown stage) specimens have been available. In this study, the premetamorphosis
(before fully grown stage) leptocephalus larva of P. gissu is first described from 45 specimens (117.2–194.5 mm SL) collected by a pelagic otter trawl in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition
region of the western North Pacific in May 1995. Premetamorphosis leptocephalus larvae are characterized by having poorly
developed fin rays except for the caudal fin, a translucent body, branched melanophores beneath the eye, and punctuate melanophores
on the dorsal edge of the gut from the throat to the anus. Previously fully grown leptocephali were estimated to reach about
130 mm SL based on the size distributions of metamorphosing specimens. However, the present specimens show that fully grown
leptocephali of P. gissu exceed 180 mm SL.
Received: March 21, 2001 / Revised: March 19, 2002 / Accepted: April 15, 2002 相似文献