立体图对的尺寸变化对立体感可塑性的影响

为了解随机点立体图对(Random-Dot Stereogram简称RDS)空间参数的变化是否影响整体立体感的可塑性(Plasticity of global stereopsis),我们利用微机化的伪随机点立体图对发生器设计了三个心理物理实验.第一个实验,使RDS图对中两幅图中的一幅,在水平和垂直两个方向上改变尺寸,第二个实验,仅改变在水平方向的尺寸,第三个实验,只改变在垂直方向上的尺寸.立体视觉正常的十名被试在立体镜下观察这些图形,当达到双眼融合时,观测RDS图对左右两图之间尺寸差别的限度,结果表明,当在水平方向上尺寸变化时,尺寸差别的限度为最大,在垂直方向上尺寸变化时.尺寸差别的限度次于前者,当在水平和垂直双向变化尺寸时,尺寸差别的限度为最小,对不同视角的RDS图对,达到双眼融合时,视角本身的大小对尺寸差别的限度无显著性(?)(?).     

看东西有立体感是怎么一回事?

答:所说的立体感就是立体视觉,是人对三维空间各种物体远近、前后、高低、深浅和凹凸的感知能力,是人在进化发展历程中获得的一项特有的双眼高级视觉功能。人在用双眼看同一物体时,这一物体的影象就分别落在了两眼的视网膜上,形成基本相同的两个影象。由于左右两眼有一定的距离,这样物体的每一点在两眼视网膜上的投影的对应点就不完全相同,而是有一个微小的位置差移,这个差移称为视差。当眼睛将视差传到大脑,经加工后,大脑就可把两眼传入的两个平面影象合成一个完整的立体影象,即立体视觉。     

普氏摆现象形成机制的探讨

目的:探讨普氏摆现象的形成机制.方法:选择6名视力或矫正视力正常的硕士研究生作为受试者,利用校准过的SD2320W三维液晶显示器,呈现双眼刺激物.实验一:左右眼刺激物做来回往复运动,其亮度存在差异,模拟通常情形下的普氏摆现象.实验二:左右眼刺激物做来回往复运动,在运动轨迹的左右两端时没有亮度差异,在中间运动阶段有亮度差异.实验三:左右眼刺激物做来回往复运动,在运动轨迹的左右两端时存在亮度差异,在中间运动阶段没有亮度差异.结果:实验一被试可见明显的普氏摆立体现象,很好的模拟了通常情况下加滤光片观察到的普氏摆立体现象.实验二被试未见立体运动现象,被试知觉到摆球沿着实际的运动轨迹做来回往复的直线运动.实验三的被试知觉结果和实验一相同,被试可见明显的普氏摆立体现象.结论:普氏摆立体现象形成的根本原因不是神经信号传导的时间延时.当刺激物运动到左右两端位置,运动状态发生变化时.刺激物的亮度差异对普氏摆的形成有决定作用,普氏摆立体现象可能是由暗刺激物一方的眼动跟踪系统滞后造成的.     

流式细胞术分析强声波对植物细胞周期的影响

应用流式细胞术分析烟草细胞在交变应力作用下细胞周期的变化。用特制的强声波发生装置产生频率和强度可调的交变应力场,研究不同频率和强度的交变应力作用后烟划细胞周期的变化,实验结果表明,在交变应力作用下直接影响细胞或细胞分裂的同步化,促进S期的DNA合成,有助于细胞有丝分裂,声波频率在400Hz至800Hz,强度在90dB到110dB内,随频率和强度的增加,交变应力使S期细胞明显增加,但频率或强度达大,反而使S期细胞大大减少。     

不同时间频率光栅刺激引起的视觉诱发电位(VEP)方位效应的差异

以人视觉诱发电位(VEP)反应为指标,在不同的时间频率下测定了 VEP 对方波光栅刺激的反应幅度与光栅方位的关系。当光栅方位固定时,光栅闪烁的时间频率不同,VEP 反应的波形、潜伏期和反应频率差别很大,但其反应幅度均呈现方位选择性。当光栅的时间频率为9.1Hz时,光栅为垂直和水平方位时引起的 VEP 反应幅度比倾斜方位时都大,对任何光栅方位,VEP反应幅度与光栅对比度的对数呈线性关系;与此相反,当光栅时间频率为0.4Hz 时,光栅为倾斜方位时引起的 VEP 反应幅度比垂直和水平方位时更大。     

1.8 mT不同频率正弦交变电磁场对青年大鼠骨密度及骨形态计量的影响比较

比较不同频率的正弦交变电磁场对SD青年大鼠骨密度及骨形态计量指标的影响,筛选可有效提升大鼠骨密度的频率参数。将32只8周龄SD雌性大鼠随机分为4组:对照组、15 Hz组、30 Hz组、45 Hz组;除对照组外,实验组大鼠每天都给予相应频率的1.8 m T正弦交变电磁场干预,干预时间为90 min。磁场干预8周后,双能X射线骨密度仪检测大鼠全身骨密度、右侧股骨骨密度和椎骨骨密度,ELISA分析血清中骨形成与骨吸收生化指标的含量,右侧胫骨进行荧光间距测量与骨形态计量分析。相比于对照组,15 Hz组、45 Hz组大鼠的全身骨密度、股骨骨密度、椎骨骨密度均明显升高(P0.05),血清中骨钙素与骨保护素含量也显著提升(P0.05);实验组大鼠的胫骨双荧光间距与骨组织静态参数均高于对照组(P0.05)。结果表明,15 Hz、45 Hz正弦交变电磁场可有效提升青年大鼠的骨密度,从而可预防骨质疏松的发生。     

不同视觉通道中频差所引起的深度感知

为了解体视倾斜效应(Stereoscopic tilt effect)是否能在视觉系统的不同空间频率通道中由双眼频差(Binocular diffrequency)所引起,我们设计了二组心理物理实验.观察到了Wilson频率调制曲线的第二及第四峰值的二个频道(1.7周 度和4.0周 度)中双眼频差所引起的倾斜感知.它们在同样频差率(频率和中心频率之比)下,引起相等倾斜感知.在一定频差率范围内(0.070-1.30),倾斜感知和频差率成正比关系.     

Vitex glabrata R.Br.悬浮培养细胞的生长条件优化及20-羟基蜕皮激素的生产

研究了培养基、植物生长调节素以及接种量对Vitex glabrata R.Br.悬浮培养细胞的生长情况以及对20-羟基蜕皮激素形成的作用。当细胞在添加有2.0mg/LBAP(6-苯甲酸嘌呤)和1.0mg/L2,4-D的Gamborg’s B5培养基中培养时细胞生长和20-羟基蜕皮激素的形成达到了最高水平。当接种量为20%PCV(积压细胞体积)时观察到了20-羟基蜕皮激素的最高产量,大约是1.1mg/(L.d)。实验数据也表明当接种量增加到20%PCV时,产量提高了7倍。     

超工频交变衰减磁场镇痛消炎效果的实验与临床研究

超工频交变衰减磁场（UWFAWM产生的效应为退磁效应,这种新型磁场曾名为退磁效应、调磁效应等。以往多用于钢铁、石油、煤炭等工业,UWFAWM是否能用于人体在国内外除我院外尚未见报道犤１犦。UWFAWM与医用的静磁场、脉冲磁场、脉动磁场和交变磁场不同。我们从１９８９年开始进行了UWFAWM的镇痛消炎效果的实验研究与临床观察。材料与方法制造UWFAWM的方法：在实验研究及临床应用中使用退磁器。技术参数：交变磁场的频率是７００Hz,最高磁场强度的衰减变化频率是５０Hz,磁场强度在０～０．１T之间迅速变化。治疗线圈直径２２c…     

Vitex glabrata R.Br.悬浮培养细胞的生长条件优化及20-羟基蜕皮激素的生产

研究了培养基、植物生长调节素以及接种量对Vitex glabrata R.Br.悬浮培养细胞的生长情况以及对20-羟基蜕皮激素形成的作用。当细胞在添加有2.0mg/L BAP (6-苯甲酸嘌呤)和1.0mg/L 2,4-D的Gamborg's B5培养基中培养时细胞生长和20-羟基蜕皮激素的形成达到了最高水平。当接种量为20％PCV（积压细胞体积）时观察到了20-羟基蜕皮激素的最高产量,大约是1.1mg/(L·d)。实验数据也表明当接种量增加到20％PCV时,产量提高了7倍。     

Binocular depth perception and the cerebral cortex

Our ability to coordinate the use of our left and right eyes and to make use of subtle differences between the images received by each eye allows us to perceive stereoscopic depth, which is important for the visual perception of three-dimensional space. Binocular neurons in the visual cortex combine signals from the left and right eyes. Probing the roles of binocular neurons in different perceptual tasks has advanced our understanding of the stages within the visual cortex that lead to binocular depth perception.     

双眼倾斜效应中频率和相对距离乘积的恒常性

双眼协同的功能不仅是扩大视野,而且更为重要的是人和动物获得对环境特有的立体感觉。但立体视觉信息处理机制至今尚不清楚,有待深入研究。 本文利用自己研制的一种多功能立体图形发生器产生的亮度以正弦波调制的光栅条纹作为刺激图形,设计并做了一系列有关频差倾斜现象;其次,分别对不同中心频率和不同观察距离下,左、右刺激器处于与被试者不同距离下频差倾斜观象中的频差与倾斜度的关系进行了研究。结果表明,对于频率差分析存在着频率和相对远近乘积的恒常性,这是判断物体精细凸凹的一种global stereopsis性质的心理规律。     

The perception of apparent movement

When two similar pictures, overlapping but slightly displaced, were projected on a screen in alternation, apparent movement could be seen. How similar must successive pictures be to give apparent movement? This is the 'correspondence problem'. Manipulations of the local and global correspondences between pictures included motion phenomena such as reversed apparent movement; a four-stroke oscillatory cycle which gave an illusion of continuous motion in one direction; edges defined by texture, stereoscopic depth, or flicker, kinetic edges; and wave motion. It was concluded that human motion perception may comprise two separate mechanisms. Local point-by-point correlations between pictures are detected by a relatively peripheral system, probably based on directonally selective neural units. More subtle global correspondences are analysed by a more cognitive system which extracts edges before it process motion.     

Binocular interactions in the entrainment and phase shifting of locomotor activity rhythms in Syrian hamsters

To assess binocular interactions and possible ocular dominance in entrainment of circadian rhythms, Syrian hamsters maintained in LL were subjected for several weeks to schedules of eye occlusion with opaque contact lenses. In separate groups, the opaque lens was inserted into the left or right eye for 12 h at the same clock time each day. The left and right eyes of other groups were alternately occluded for 12 h each day, with initial occlusion of either the left or right eye for different groups. A majority of hamsters entrained their locomotor activity rhythm when 1 eye was occluded for 12 h. The modified visual input imposed by covering 1 eye is sufficient to induce entrainment. Locomotor rhythms of most animals in which the 2 eyes were alternately occluded for 12 h each day phasedelayed onset of activity during the 1st few days of the lensing procedure; activity onset then free ran with tau < 24 h for several weeks until entraining with tau of 24 h regardless of whether the left or right eye was initially occluded. Entrainment eventually occurred when activity onset coincided with occlusion of the eye contralateral to the one that was first lensed. Photic and nonphotic explanations for eventual entrainment of locomotor rhythms are discussed, and evidence for asymmetrical photic input from the 2 eyes to the SCN is considered.     

立体视锐度的测量

视差只在一定大小范围内才能产生体视感觉。对５名体视感觉正常者和一名体视感觉欠缺者做心理物理试验并记录视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）。结论如下：（１）交叉视差产生体视感觉的视差下限阈值约为２５秒;非交叉视差产生体视感觉的视差下限阈值约为３５秒。（２）改变视差大小的方法不同对这个阈值有影响。视差由大到小改变比由小到大改变,这个视差下限阈值要小,两者差别约为１０秒至２０秒。（３）体视欠缺者产生体视感觉的视差下限阈值约为６０秒。（４）使用不同形式的立体图对这个阈值不同,对于随机点立体图对,产生体视感觉下限阈值约为６０秒。（５）当视差大于１２０秒时的ＶＥＰ呈现规律变化。（６）体视欠缺者的ＶＥＰ与正常者比较呈现较大的差别。     

Clinical evaluation of VEPs to interleaved checkerboard reversal stimulation of central,hemi- and peripheral fields

The VEPs of 195 patients referred for supportive evidence of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis were studied by a new method of interleaved checkerboard reversal stimulation of different areas of the visual field. In the first group of 95 patients checks of 40′ subtense reversed in the whole field (28° × 20°), alternately in the left and right hemifields and alternately in the central (5° radius) and peripheral fields. In the second group of 100 patients checks reversed in the whole field and in interleaved mode in 3 visual field areas, comprising the central (4° radius) and left and right hemisurround fields.In the first group abnormal responses were recorded from 52 eyes and there was partial disagreement among the stimulus conditions in 10 of the 52. Abnormalities were seen uniquely to central field stimulation in 3 eyes but never to whole field stimulation alone. In the second group abnormal responses were recorded in 58 eyes, again never uniquely to whole field stimulation, while abnormalities confined to one or two areas of the visual field were seen in 24, providing evidence of peripheral field involvement alone in 8 eyes.In the first group, waveforms created from the sum of the left and right hemifield and central and peripheral field responses showed quite close conformity to the whole field VEP, although amplitudes were significantly lower and latencies significantly shorter. In 7 eyes responses would have been differently classified (normal or abnormal) using the sum as compared with the whole fields. The sum of the 3 interleaved stimuli was less reliable, its morphology often not closely approximating whole field responses.It is suggested that interleaved stimulation of two or more areas of the visual field is a sensitive and reliable method which reduces the time necessary to perform the test and helps control the patients' concentration, fixation and alertness. Whole field stimulation is probably necessary only in patients with severely degraded responses.     

The quail's eye: a biological clock

The site (intraocular vs. extraocular) of the biological clock driving a rhythm in melatonin content in the eyes of Japanese quail was investigated by alternately patching the left and right eyes of individual birds, otherwise held in constant light, for 12-hr periods. This patching protocol, therefore, exposed each eye to a light-dark cycle (LD 12:12) 180 degrees (12 hr) out of phase with the LD cycle experienced by the other eye. The optic nerves to both eyes were transected prior to initiating the patching protocol. The ocular melatonin rhythm (OMR) of the left eyes of quail could be entrained by this procedure 180 degrees out of phase with the rhythm expressed by the right eyes. Since optic nerve section would have deprived any putative extraocular clocks of photic entrainment information, the results show conclusively that the clock driving the OMR is located within the eye itself. In addition, the OMR of Japanese quail is remarkably unaffected by removing two potential neural inputs to the eye (sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglia, and input from the isthmo-optic nucleus of the midbrain); this suggests that these inputs are not required to maintain the OMR. Finally, the clock driving the OMR of one eye does not appear to be coupled to the clock driving the OMR in the other eye, since permanently patching one eye abolished the ability of the patched eye to re-entrain to an 8-hr shift in the phase of an LD 12:12 cycle, whereas the exposed eye rapidly re-entrained to the phase-shifted cycle.     

The dynamic model of binocular rivalry

Binocular rivalry is an interesting phenomenon observed in the human vision. It occurs when the right and left eyes are given different stimuli (pictures). This paper describes a mathematical model which explains the mechanism of binocular rivalry. Our basic assumption is that binocular rivalry is elicited by the mutual inhibition between the right and left visual neuron systems. The mutual inhibition between two neurons is first discussed in detail, where a special emphasis is put on a fatigue effect of neurons, and then its results are applied to a simulation model of binocular rivalry.