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1.
Physical effects of negative air ions in a wet sauna 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
I. Watanabe Hiroshi Noro Yoshinori Ohtsuka Yukio Mano Yuko Agishi 《International journal of biometeorology》1997,40(2):107-112
The physical effects of negative air ions on humans were determined in an experimental sauna room equipped with an ionizer.
Thirteen healthy persons took a wet sauna bath (dry bulb temperature 42° C, relative humidity 100%, 10 min exposure) with
or without negative air ions. The subjects were not told when they were being exposed to negative air ions. There were no
differences in the moods of these persons or changes in their blood pressures between the two saunas. The surface temperatures
of the foreheads, hands, and legs in the sauna with negative ions were significantly higher than those in the sauna without
ions. The pulse rates and sweat produced in the sauna with ions were singificantly higher than those in the sauna without
ions. The results suggest that negative ions may amplify the effects on humans of the sauna.
Received: 31 March 1995 / Revised: 25 July 1995 / Accepted: 26 July 1996 相似文献
2.
V. A. Belyaev M. M. Dubrovin D. A. Kozlov A. A. Terent’ev A. E. Trenin G. V. Sholin 《Plasma Physics Reports》2010,36(11):964-968
D2− ions produced in collisions of D− ions with relative energies of 2.5–9.2 eV were detected for the first time. It is shown that the effective cross section
for this reaction is no less than 1.5 × 10−14 cm2. Along with the theoretically predicted short-lived state of negative molecular deuterium ions, a state existing for more
than 1 μs was observed. 相似文献
3.
J. M. Schakenraad H. J. Busscher Ch. R. H. Wildevuur J. Arends 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》1988,13(1):75-91
To verify the validity of thermodynamic approaches to the prediction of cellular behavior, cell spreading of three different
cell types on solid substrata was determined in vitro. Solid substrata as well as cell types were selected on the basis of
their surface free energies, calculated from contact angle measurements. The surface free energies of the solid substrata
ranged from 18–116 erg cm−2. To measure contact angles on cells, a technique was developed in which a multilayer of cells was deposited on a filter and
air dried. Cell surface free energies ranged from 60 erg cm−2 for fibroblasts, and 57 for smooth muscle cells, to 91 for HeLa epithelial cells. After adsorption of serum proteins, cell
surface free energies of all three cell types converged to approx 74 erg cm−2. The spreading of these cell types from RPMI 1640 medium on the various solid substrata showed that both in the presence
and in the absence of serum proteins in the medium, cells spread poorly on low energy substrata (Y
s
<50 erg cm−2), whereas good cell spreading was observed on the higher energy substrata. Calculations of the interfacial free energy of
adhesion (ΔF
adh) show that ΔF
adh decreases with increasingY
s
, and equals zero around 45 erg cm−2 for all three cell types in the presence of serum proteins and for HeLa epithelium cells in the absence of serum proteins.
This explains the spreading of these cells on the various substrata upon a thermodynamic basis. The results clearly show that
substratum surface free energy has a predictive value with respect to cell spreading in vitro, both in the presence and absence
of serum proteins. It is noted, however, that interfacial thermodynamics fail to explain the behavior of fibroblasts and smooth
muscle cells in the absence of serum proteins, most likely because of the relatively high surface charges of these two cell
types. 相似文献
4.
Iwajlo M. Kandjov 《International journal of biometeorology》1997,40(2):91-94
The thermal properties of atmospheric air surrounding the human body at various altitudes are characterized with a system
of parameters. This system comprises resistance of the air to convective heat transfer h
c
–1, °C (W/m2)−1 and to water vapour transfer h
D
–1, s/m. The concept of ’evaporative resistance’h
e
–1, hPa (W/m2)−1) following the similarity of the processes is introduced. In obtaining the altitude dependencies of investigated paramters,
a respective heat transfer equation expressing the rate of heat exchange at the boundary body surface – ambient air is applied.
The use of the body thermal state of the established altitude dependencies is discussed. The concept of ’thermal stability’
related to the evaporative resistance parameter h
e
–1 is introduced. This parameter is assumed as: (1) an indicator of the human body thermal stability and (2) distributor and
predictor of environmental influence on the body thermal state.
Received: 5 January 1996 / Accepted 5 November 1996 相似文献
5.
F. Prieur T. Busso J. Castells R. Bonnefoy H. Benoit A. Geyssant C. Denis 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,78(6):549-554
We have developed a gas exchange simulation system (GESS) to assess the quality control in measurements of metabolic gas
exchange. The GESS simulates human breathing from rest to maximal exercise. It approximates breath-by-breath waveforms, ventilatory
output, gas concentrations, temperature and humidity during inspiration and expiration. A programmable motion control driving
two syringes allows the ventilation to be set at any tidal volume (V
T), respiratory frequency (f), flow waveform and period of inspiration and expiration. The GESS was tested at various combinations of V
T (0.5–2.5 l) and f (10–60 stroke · min−1) and at various fractional concentrations of expired oxygen (0.1294–0.1795); and carbon dioxide (0.0210–0.0690) for a pre-set
flow waveform and for expired gases at the same temperature and humidity as room air. Expired gases were collected in a polyethylene
bag for measurement of volume and gas concentrations. Accuracy was assessed by calculating the absolute and relative errors
on parameters (error = measured−predicted). The overall error in the gas exchange values averaged less than 2% for oxygen
uptake and carbon dioxide output, which is within the accuracy of the Douglas bag method.
Accepted: 4 June 1998 相似文献
6.
The impact of ozone fumigation and fertilization on chlorophyll fluorescence of birch leaves (Betula pendula) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sergej Shavnin Stefan Maurer Rainer Matyssek Wolfgang Bilger C. Scheidegger 《Trees - Structure and Function》1999,14(1):10-16
The impact of ozone fumigation on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content of birch trees grown at high and low fertilization were studied for 6-, 8-,
and 12-week old leaves. Fluorescence parameters were measured with a portable fluorometer with its fibre optics tightly inserted
in a gas exchange cuvette at light intensities from 0 to 220 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Ozone caused significant changes of primary photosynthetic reactions: a decrease of the quantum yield of photosystem II
and an increase of non-photochemical quenching. In all leaves a biphasic light response of non-photochemical quenching was
observed. Ozone fumigation shifted the onset of the second phase from a PFD of about 60 μmol m−2 s−1 to about 30 μmol m−2 s−1. While the fertilizer concentration had no influence on this character, high fertilization supply of plants partially reduced
O3-induced damage. The light responses of Ft, Fm′ and NPQ observed in birch leaves grown in O3-free air indicate the existence of at least two different processes governing energy conversion of the photosynthetic apparatus
at PS II in the range of PFD 0–200 μmol photons m−2 s−1. The first phase was attributed to a rather slowly relaxing type of non-photochemical quenching, which, at least at low PFD,
is thought to be related to a state 1–2 transition. The further changes of the fluorescence parameters studied at higher PFD
might be explained by an increase of energy-dependent quenching, connected with the energization of the thylakoid membrane
and zeaxanthin synthesis. A major effect of ozone treatment was a lowering of PS II quantum yield. This reflects a reduction
of PS II electron transport and corresponds to the reduction of CO2-fixation observed in ozonated leaves.
Received: 24 September 1996 / Accepted: 27 January 1999 相似文献
7.
A strain of Bacillus subtilis was able to grow and produce a biosurfactant on 2% sucrose at 45°C. As a result of biosurfactant synthesis the surface tension
of the medium was reduced from 68 dynes cm−1 to 28 dynes cm−1. The strain had the capacity to produce the biosurfactant at high NaCl concentrations (4%) and a wide range of pH (4.5–10.5).
The biosurfactant retained its surface-active properties after heating at 100°C for 2 h and at different pH values (4.5–10.5).
A maximum amount of biosurfactant was produced when urea or nitrate ions were supplied as nitrogen source. The use of the
biosurfactant at high temperatures, acidic, alkaline and saline environments is discussed. As a result of its action, 62%
of oil in a sand pack column could be recovered, indicating its potential application in microbiologically enhanced oil
recovery.
Received 28 March 1996/ Accepted in revised form 16 September 1996 相似文献
8.
Lydie M. Dupont Hermann Behling Susanne Jahns Fabienne Marret Jung-Hyun Kim 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》2007,16(2-3):87-100
The distribution of pollen in marine sediments is used to record vegetation changes over the past 30,000 years on the adjacent
continent. A transect of marine pollen sequences from the mouth of the river Congo (∼5°S) to Walvis Bay and Lüderitz (∼25°S)
shows vegetation changes in Congo, Angola and Namibia from the last glacial period into the Holocene. The comparison of pollen
records from different latitudes provides information about the latitudinal shift of open forest and savannahs (Poaceae pollen),
the extension of lowland forest (rain forest pollen) and Afromontane forest (Podocarpus pollen), and the position of the desert fringe (pollen of Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae). High Cyperaceae
pollen percentages in sediments from the last glacial period off the mouth of the river Congo suggest the presence of open
swamps rather than savannah vegetation in the Congo Basin. Pollen from Restionaceae in combination with Stoebe-type pollen (probably from Elytropappus) indicates a possible northwards extension of winter rain vegetation during the last glacial period. The record of Rhizophora (mangrove) pollen is linked to erosion of the continental shelf and sea-level rise. Pollen influx is highest off river mouths
(10–2000 grains year−1 cm−2), close to the coast (300–6000 grains year−1 cm−2), but is an order of magnitude lower at sites situated far from the continent (<10 grains year−1 cm−2). 相似文献
9.
Interfacial tension has been determined for phosphatidylcholine (PC)–decanoic acid (DA) and PC–decylamine (DE) membranes.
PC (lecithin), DA and DE were used in the experiments; the interfacial tension values of the pure components are 1.62 × 10−3, −2.38 × 10−2 and −3.88 × 10−2 N/m (hypothetical values for DA and DE), respectively. The 1:1 complexes were formed during formation of PC–DA and PC–DE
membranes. The following parameters describing the complexes were determined: the surface concentrations of the lipid membranes
formed from these complexes, A3 - 1 A_{3}^{ - 1} ; the interfacial tensions of such membranes, γ
3; and the stability constants of these complexes, K. 相似文献
10.
The ability of a Bacillus subtilis strain to grow and produce biosurfactant on different carbon and nitrogen sources under thermophilic conditions (45°C) was
studied. The strain was able to reduce surface tension to 34 dynes cm−1 on 2% sucrose, and 32 dynes cm−1 on starch after 96 h of growth. The biosurfactant was stable at 100°C and within a wide pH range (3.0–11.0). Biosurfactant
formation at mesophilic conditions (30°C) was also studied. The organism was able to produce the maximum amount of biosurfactant
when nitrate ions were supplied as the nitrogen source. The potential application of the biosurfactant in oil recovery from
desert oil fields, acidic and alkaline environments is demonstrated. The biosurfactant was identical to surfactin as confirmed
by TLC and IR analysis.
Received 29 May 1997/ Accepted in revised form 03 October 1997 相似文献
11.
A. König C. Zaborosch A. Muscat K.-D. Vorlop F. Spener 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1996,45(6):844-850
Amperometric biosensors for naphthalene were developed using either immobilized Sphingomonas sp. B1 or Pseudomonas fluorescens WW4 cells. The microorganisms were immobilized within a polyurethane-based hydrogel, which was used for a microbial biosensor
for the first time. Both strains were shown to be equally suited for the quantification of naphthalene in aqueous solutions.
The biosensors were tested in a flow-through system and a stirred cell (batch method). In both systems a linear response down
to the detection limit was obtained. Measurements in the flow-through system gave sensitivities of up to 1.2 nA mg−1 l−1 and a linear range from 0.03 mg/l to 2.0 mg/l. The response time (t
95) was 2 min and the sample throughput six per hour; the repeatability was within ±5 %. With the batch method, sensitivities
of between 3 nA mg−1 l−1 and 5 nA mg−1l−1 and a linear range of 0.01–3.0 mg/l were obtained; the response time was between 3 min and 5 min. The sensors reached an
operational lifetime of up to 20 days. The sensitivity of both sensors for naphthalene was, in most cases, more than four
times higher than for various other substrates.
Received: 18 October 1995/Received revision: 22 December 1995/Accepted: 22 January 1996 相似文献
12.
Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing and walking) effectively decreases blood glucose levels in diabetic patients 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Y. Ohtsuka Noriyuki Yabunaka Shigeru Takayama 《International journal of biometeorology》1998,41(3):125-127
The influence of ”shinrin-yoku” (forest-air bathing and walking) on blood glucose levels in diabetic patients was examined.
Eighty-seven (29 male and 58 female) non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients [61 (SEM 1) years old] participated in the present
study. Shinrin-yoku was performed nine times over a period of 6 years. The patients were divided into two parties. They then
walked in the forest for 3 km or 6 km according to their physical ability and/or the existence of diabetic complications.
The mean blood glucose level after forest walking changed from 179 (SEM 4) mg · 100 ml–1 to 108 (SEM 2) mg · 100 ml–1 (P<0.0001). The level of glycated haemoglobin A1c also decreased from 6.9 (SEM 0.2)% (before the first shinrin-yoku) to 6.5 (SEM 0.1)% (after the last shinrin-yoku; P<0.05). Blood glucose values declined by 74 (SEM 9) mg · 100 ml–1 and 70 (SEM 4) mg · 100 ml–1 after short- and long-distance walking respectively. There was no significant difference between these values. Since the
forest environment causes changes in hormonal secretion and autonomic nervous functions, it is presumed that, in addition
to the increased calorie consumption and improved insulin sensitivity, walking in a forest environment has other beneficial
effects in decreasing blood glucose levels.
Received: 9 July 1997/Accepted: 20 October 1997 相似文献
13.
Fetal electrocortical activity (ECoG) is characterized by two distinct patterns: HVSA (high voltage, slow activity) and LVFA
(low voltage, fast activity). Using the wavelet transform (WT), we recently reported that the frequency characteristics of
these two ECoG patterns undergo significant maturational changes prior to birth (Akay et al. 1994a). We now report that fetal
ECoG can also be significantly affected by pharmacological agents. In this paper, we compared the effects of two opioid drugs
(morphine and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin, DPDPE) on fetal ECoG, using the chronically instrumented fetal lamb model. Morphine was infused intravenously
(i.v.) at 2.5 mg/h, while DPDPE was infused into the lateral cerebroventricle (i.c.v.) at 30 μg/h. The ECoG was analyzed using
WT. We performed multiresolution decomposition for four sets of parameters D
2
j
where −1<j<−4. The four series WTs represent the detail signal bandwidths: (1) 16–32 Hz, (2) 8–16 Hz, (3) 4–8 Hz, (4) 2–4 Hz. The data
were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test. Both morphine and DPDPE resulted in a significant
increase in power in the first wavelet band, while power was reduced in the second, third and fourth wavelet bands. In addition,
both drugs resulted in a disruption of the normal cyclic pattern between the two ECoG patterns. There was a difference in
the time course of action between morphine and DPDPE. This is the first occasion in which continuous ECoG has been subjected
to rigorous statistical analysis. The results suggest that the WT-KS method is most suitable for quantitating changes in the
ECoG induced by pharmacological agents.
Received: 21 January 1994/Accepted in revised form: 15 September 1994 相似文献
14.
Ke-Gui Li Zhen-Dong Cao Jiang-Lan Peng Shi-Jian Fu 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2010,180(5):661-671
Feeding and exhaustive exercise are known to elevate metabolism. However, acid–base status may be oppositely affected by the
two processes. In this study, we first investigated the acid–base response of Chinese catfish to feeding (the meal size was
about 8% of body mass) to test whether an alkaline tide (a metabolic alkalosis created by gastric HCl secretion after feeding)
would occur. We then determined the combined effects of feeding and exhaustive exercise on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
and acid–base status to determine whether the alkaline tide induced by feeding protects against acid–base disturbance during
exhaustive exercise and affects subsequent recovery. Arterial blood pH increased from 7.74 ± 0.02 before feeding to 7.88 ± 0.02
and plasma [HCO3
−]pl increased from 5.42 ± 0.29 to 7.83 ± 0.37 mmol L−1 6 h after feeding, while feeding had no significant effect on
P\textCO2 P_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }} . Exhaustive exercise led to a significant reduction in pH by 0.46 units and a reduction of [HCO3
−]pl by ~3 mmol L−1. Lactate concentrations in white muscle and plasma increased by 2.4 mmol L−1 and 13.4 μmol g−1, respectively. Fed fish had a higher pH and [HCO3
−]pl than fasting fish at rest, and the reductions in pH (0.36 units) and [HCO3
−]pl (~2 mmol L−1) were thus lower after exhaustive exercise. However, the recovery of acid–base status and metabolites were similar in digesting
and fasting fish. Overall, a significant alkaline tide was found in Chinese catfish after feeding. The alkaline tide elicited
by feeding significantly prevented the decreases in pH and [HCO3
−]pl immediately after exhaustive exercise, but recovery from exhaustive exercise was not affected by digestion. 相似文献
15.
Dalila Serpa Manuela Falcão Pedro Duarte Luís Cancela da Fonseca Carlos Vale 《Biogeochemistry》2007,82(3):291-304
During an annual cycle, overlying water and sediment cores were collected simultaneously at three sites (Tavira, Culatra and
Ramalhete) of Ria Formosa’s intertidal muddy and subtidal sandy sediments to determine ammonium, nitrates plus nitrites and
phosphate. Organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were also determined in superficial sediments. Ammonium and phosphate dissolved
in porewater were positively correlated with temperature (P < 0.01) in muddy and sandy sediments, while the nitrogen-oxidized forms had a negative correlation (P < 0.02) in muddy sediments probably because mineralization and nitrification/denitrification processes vary seasonally. Porewater
ammonium profiles evidenced a peak in the top-most muddy sediment (380 μM) suggesting higher mineralization rate when oxygen
is more available, while maximum phosphate concentration (113 μM) occurred in the sub-oxic layer probably due to phosphorus
desorption under reduced conditions. In organically poor subtidal sandy sediments, nutrient porewater concentrations were
always lower than in intertidal muddy sediments, ranging annually from 20 μM to 100 μM for ammonium and from 0.05 μM to 16 μM
for phosphate. Nutrient diffusive fluxes predicted by a mathematical model were higher during summer, in both muddy (104 nmol cm−2 d−1––NH4+; 8 nmol cm−2 d−1––HPO4−2) and sandy sediments (26 nmol cm−2 d−1––NH4+; 1 nmol cm−2 d−1––HPO4−2), while during lower temperature periods these fluxes were 3–4 times lower. Based on simulated nutrient effluxes, the estimated
annual amount of ammonium and phosphate exported from intertidal areas was three times higher than that released from subtidal
areas (22 ton year−1––NH4+; 2 ton year−1––HPO4−2), emphasizing the importance of tidal flats to maintain the high productivity of the lagoon. Global warming scenarios simulated
with the model, revealed that an increase in lagoon water temperature only produces significant variations (P < 0.05) for NH4+ in porewater and consequent diffusive fluxes, what will probably affect the system productivity due to a N/P ratio unbalance. 相似文献
16.
The tolerances of 20 Beauveria bassiana isolates derived from host insects worldwide to UV-B irradiation were assessed quantitatively in multi-dose bioassays. Conidial
suspensions of the isolates smeared on glass slides were exposed to the gradient UV-B doses of 0.1–1.6 J cm−2 (D), which generated from 0.75 to 10.17 min irradiation of weighted 312-nm wavelength at 2.0–2.61 mW cm−2. Irradiated conidia were then incubated for 24 h at 25°C under saturated humidity. The ratio of germination at each dose
over that in the blank control was defined as survival index (I
s). For all isolates, the I
s − D observations fit well with the survival model I
s = 1/[1 + exp(a + bD)] (0.94 ≤ r
2 ≤ 0.99) generated widely spanned lethal doses of 0.154–0.928, 0.240–1.139, and 0.383–1.493 J cm−2 for their losses of 50%, 75%, and 95% viabilities, respectively. These were far below the solar UV-B dose of 2.439 J cm−2 measured in a sunny day during the summer. The large variation of UV-B tolerance among the isolates indicates a necessity
to select UV-tolerant candidates for formulations applied to insect control during summer. The highly efficient bioassay method
was developed to measure accurately the UV-B tolerances of fungal biocontrol agents as lethal doses. 相似文献
17.
Timo Vihma 《International journal of biometeorology》2010,54(3):297-306
The effects of air temperature, relative and specific humidity, wind speed, solar shortwave radiation, thermal longwave radiation,
and rain on the performance of participants in the annual Stockholm Marathon from 1980 to 2008 were analysed statistically.
The objective was to validate and extend previous studies by including data on finishing times of slower male and female runners
and on the percentage of non-finishers. Due to decadal trends in the finishing time not related to weather, the finishing
time anomaly (FTA) was calculated as the deviation of the annual finishing time from the linear trend of the finishing time.
In all categories of runners, the single weather parameter with highest correlation with the FTA was the air temperature (correlation
coefficient r = 0.66–0.73, with the highest values for slowest runners). Also, the solar shortwave radiation (r = 0.41–0.71), air relative humidity (r = −0.57 to −0.44) and, for male runners, the occurrence of rain (r = −0.51 to −0.42) reached a statistically significant correlation with the FTA, but the effects of the relative humidity
and rain only arose from their negative correlation with the air temperature. The percentage of non-finishers (PNF) was significantly
affected by the air temperature and specific humidity (r = 0.72 for multiple regression), which is a new result. Compared to faster runners, the results of slower runners were more
affected by unfavourable weather conditions; this was previously known for runners with finishing times of 2.1–3 h, and now
extended to finishing times of 4.7 h. Effects of warm weather were less evident for female than male runners, which was probably
partly due to female runners’ larger ratio of surface area to body mass and slower running speed. 相似文献
18.
M. Raeini-Sarjaz N. N. Barthakur N. P. Arnold 《International journal of biometeorology》1997,40(2):81-85
Leaf movements of bush bean plants were studied at the relatively low photon flux density of 0.2 mmol/m2 per s, and air temperatures of 25° and 35° C in a growth chamber. A beta-ray gauge system was used to monitor continuously
pulvinus water status and bending. Leaf angles were below the horizontal and were linearly related to the soil water content
(R≥−0.91 at 25° C and R≥−0.93 at 35° C). The beta-ray transmission maxima coincided with the stem temperature minima in darkness and vice versa when
brightness prevailed as the growth chamber temperature varied with the photoperiod. Leaf angle increased linearly with increased
beta-ray transmission. The Q10 temperature coefficient, a measure of the metabolic energy requirement for leaf movement between 25° and 35° C was estimated
at 1.8, and the corresponding mean Arrhenius constant at 423 kJ/mol for bush bean.
Received: 19 July 1996 / Accepted: 9 September 1996 相似文献
19.
N. A. Popov 《Plasma Physics Reports》2010,36(9):812-818
Evolution of the neutral and charged particle compositions in the afterglow of a single streamer channel in atmospheric-pressure
air is simulated numerically. It is shown that, in the course of charge-exchange reactions, O2− ions rapidly transform into ions with a larger electron bound energy (such as O3− and NO3−); in humid air, they also transform into hydrated ions NO3−(H2O)
n
. As a result, the efficiency of primary electron production in the streamer head due to destruction of residual negative
ions generated in the previous pulse decreases substantially. 相似文献
20.
Langfort J Barańczuk E Pawlak D Chalimoniuk M Lukacova N Marsala J Górski J 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2006,26(7-8):1325-1340
1. The effect was examined of a single bout of nonexhaustive endurance exercise on tryptophan (Try), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), and tryptophan hydroxylase (TpH) levels in different parts of rat brain (brain cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, midbrain striatum, medulla) on the last day of endurance training and 48 h later (detraining period).2. Female rats were subjected to a 6-week endurance training programme. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated by measuring anaerobic threshold (AT). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine regional Try, 5-HT, and 5-HIAA contents in the brain, and thin layer chromatography followed by gas-liquid chromatography was used to determine blood levels of free fatty acids. Regional TpH levels were measured by Western blot analysis.3. In the two rat groups subjected to endurance training, in all brain regions studied but cerebellum, 5-HT content was significantly lower after the last bout of nonexhaustive endurance exercise than in resting control rats that were not subjected to the training. Similarly, the cortical and striatal, but not cerebellar, 5-HT/Try ratios were significantly lower in the trained rats at the end of the last training session and at the end of a single bout of nonexhaustive exercise administered after a 48-h detraining period than in the controls. TpH protein level was decreased by 15–25% after the last bout of exercise either during the training process or after the and 1 h bout of endurance exercise performed 48 h after cessation of endurance training in brain cortex and striatum but not cerebellar.4. These results indicate that the reduction in 5-HT level was the adaptive response to endurance training. The lowered 5-HT/Try ratio and lowered TpH protein level attained after the training process suggests and that this change may be, at least partially, attributed to downregulation of TpH activity. 相似文献