中间锦鸡儿CCR2和CCR3基因的克隆和功能鉴定

肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(cinnamoyl-CoAreductase,CCR)是催化木质素合成特异途径的第一个限速酶,对木质素的合成起关键作用。从中间锦鸡儿中克隆了两个CCR基因,CiCCR2和CiCCR3,其中CiCCR2基因开放阅读框为897bp,编码299个氨基酸,CiCCR3基因开放阅读框为966bp,编码322个氨基酸。过表达CiCCR2和CiCCR3转基因拟南芥株系幼苗期和成熟期木质素含量均高于野生型,组织化学染色也表明转基因株系木质素积累较野生型拟南芥多,且转基因株系鲜重和干重显著高于野生型。     

CCL25和CCL28及其相应受体CCR9和CCR10

CCL25和CCL28是cc趋化因子家族成员,主要表达于胸腺树突状细胞和黏膜上皮细胞,CCL25和CCL28相应的受体分别是CCR9和CCR10,表达于T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞。CCL25和CCL28及其相应受体对循环IgA浆母细胞和T淋巴细胞的归巢起重要作用,而且CCL28还具有广谱的抗微生物活性。     

CCR5结构与功能研究进展

ＨＩＶ 的侵入与宿主细胞表面共受体ＣＣＲ５ 密切相关。本文报道了ＣＣＲ５ ５端非编码区多态性的研究,以及用基因删除,点突变等方法研究ＣＣＲ５ Ｎ 端和Ｃ端的功能区域。发现了ＣＣＲ５ Δ３２ 受体基因缺陷型能有保护人群免受ＨＩＶ 的感染。     

CCR5及其拮抗剂的研究进展

趋化因子CCR5,作为G蛋白偶联因子超家族(GPCR)成员的细胞膜蛋白,是HIV-1入侵机体细胞的主要辅助受体之一。以CCR5为靶点的HIV-1受体拮抗剂越来越受关注,主要有趋化因子衍生物、非肽类小分子化合物、单克隆抗体、肽类化合物等四类。这些抗病毒活性强、高亲和力的CCR5拮抗剂,已有一部分进入了临床试验阶段。本文对近年来CCR5拮抗剂的相关研究进展进行综述。     

木质素生物合成酶CCR基因的生物信息学分析

肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase,CCR)是催化木质素特异途径的第一个关键酶,是调节碳素流向木质素潜在的控制关节点,对木质素单体的生物合成起着重要作用。通过NCBI数据库收集来自裸子植物、单子叶植物及双子叶植物的35条CCR基因的完整信息,对35条CCR基因的cDNA及其编码的氨基酸序列的进化规律、理化性质、结构域、导肽、信号肽、跨膜结构域、亲/疏水性以及蛋白质结构等性状进行了生物信息学分析与预测,构建了CCR基因的系统发育树。分析结果表明,单子叶植物CCR基因中GC的含量明显高于双子叶植物;CCR基因编码的氨基酸序列存在9个保守区域;所编码氨基酸的理化性质基本一致,但单子叶、双子叶及裸子植物的CCR基因编码主要氨基酸的种类和含量存在着差异;CCR蛋白的N-端存在一个脱氢酶/差向异构酶/辅酶Ⅰ结合蛋白的结构域,无导肽、信号肽及跨膜结构域,属亲水性蛋白;进化树绘制以及同源建模结果表明,CCR基因的进化和植物的进化基本一致,CCR蛋白三级结构模型的空间结构稳定,建模结果可靠。分析结果对于深入研究CCR蛋白在木质素合成中的作用具有一定的理论指导意义。     

CCR：旋覆花中发现新型抗癌化合物

中科院上海生科院营养科学研究所王慧研究组与上海第二军医大学张卫东课题组合作,从中药植物旋覆花提取物中筛选、鉴定出了具有显著抗肿瘤功效的双倍半萜内酯类天然产物——双旋覆花内酯甲（JaponiconeA,JA）,并揭示该物质作为天然NF-κB抑制剂,可显著抑制淋巴瘤细胞生长和转移。近日,学术期刊《临床癌症研究》在线发表了相关研究论文。     

基于修饰CCR5基因的艾滋病基因治疗进展

艾滋病药物治疗主要障碍是难以彻底清除病毒、副作用大、成本高且需长期用药。CCR5是HIV侵染的主要辅助受体,缺陷型CCR5(CCR5△32)的CD4+T细胞对R5嗜性HIV-1病毒感染有高度抵抗力。通过骨髓移植CCR5△32干细胞到患者体内可以降低HIV病毒载量至无法检出水平,同时可维持T细胞数目在正常范围内。但由于CCR5△32基因缺失的人群所占比例少、配型困难等问题,CCR5△32干细胞移植无法广泛用于艾滋病的临床治疗。通过锌指核酸酶(ZFNs)或类转录激活因子效应物核酸酶(TALENs)两种方法可以将自体细胞CCR5基因人为部分缺失,将产生的CCR5缺陷细胞回输体内可阻断HIV-1入侵途径,稳定CD4细胞群体并最终清除病毒。而脐带血干细胞具有对配型要求低等优点,使其作为修饰的靶细胞具有广阔的应用前景。     

毛竹CCR基因家族成员生物信息学和表达模式分析

肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(CCR)是木质素生物合成的关键酶之一,对木质素生物合成途径的碳流具有重要的调控作用。研究毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis) CCR基因的分子特征和表达模式对于揭示影响竹子材性的木质素调控机制具有重要意义。采用同源序列比对的方法在毛竹基因组中获取13个CCR基因同源序列,其中9个具有完整的保守结构域,依次命名为PeCCR1～PeCCR9。PeCCRs基因的内含子数量、长度和位置均存在较大差异,如PeCCR2有5个内含子,而PeCCR5没有内含子;内含子最长的为4 090 bp,最短的仅为89 bp。PeCCRs编码的氨基酸序列长度范围为136～391 aa,推测分子量在14.97～43.05 kD之间,理论等电点介于5.60～8.31之间。PeCCRs的氨基酸序列在N-端和C-端均存在明显的差异,二级、三级结构进一步显示了其差异,但中部序列具有很高的一致性,都含有肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶家族蛋白特有的保守结构域和催化位点,表明其进化上是比较保守的。基于转录组数据的基因组织表达特异性分析表明,PeCCRs在各组织中的表达量差异明显,如PeCCR6在盛花期花序、鞭和笋中均未检测到基因表达,PeCCR9在盛花期花序中的表达是所有PeCCRs最高的,而PeCCR5在50 cm笋中则是所有检测到PeCCRs中最低的。本研究为进一步研究毛竹CCR基因家族成员的功能提供了参考,为利用基因工程调控竹子木质素提供了依据。     

CCR5在乙肝病毒感染中有重要作用

<正>在人类中,乙肝病毒(HBV)是最普遍也是主要导致肝病的传染性病原体。之前的调查研究确认了长期乙肝病毒感染的患者不能将HBV完全从肝细胞清除。形成长期感染的主要机制尚未被阐明。然而研究者相信,和能够成功清除HBV感染的患者相比,那些患者基因和免疫参数的不同,可能是长期感染的原因。有研究证明,趋化因子在调节免疫细胞迁移和活化中有重要作用,并在抗HBV的全面免疫应答中是至关重要的。RANTES、MIP-1a和MIP-1b     

趋化因子受体 CCR5 亲合短肽的筛选

趋化因子受体 5 (CCR5) 是 HIV-1 与宿主细胞结合的辅助因子之一,其功能缺失或被 CCR5 拮抗剂封闭则会阻止 HIV-1 感染细胞 . 为得到与 CCR5 特异结合的肽类拮抗剂,采用噬菌体展示技术,以稳定表达 CCR5 的 CHO 细胞 (CHO/CCR5) 作为靶标,通过噬菌体随机 12 肽库筛选与 CCR5 特异结合的多肽;经过四轮筛选后,挑选 20 个阳性噬菌体克隆进行测序,从中得到 11 个含有 AFDWTFVPSLIL 序列的小分子肽 . 含该序列的噬菌体能与抗人 CCR5 单抗 (2D7) 竞争性结合 CCR5 ,且合成肽 AFDWTFVPSLIL 对趋化因子 RANTES 与 CHO/CCR5 的结合具有明显的抑制作用,初步证明该小肽与 CCR5 具有特异性结合作用 .     

The effect of chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms (CCR2V64I,CCR5-59029G>A and CCR5Δ32) on renal allograft survival in Pakistani transplant patients

Background

Gene polymorphisms of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 (CCR2V64I, CCR5-59029G>A and CCR5Δ32) have been shown to be associated with renal allograft rejection. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of these polymorphisms with allograft rejection among Pakistani transplant patients.

Method

A total of 606 renal transplant patients and an equal number of their donors were included in this study. DNA samples were used to amplify polymorphic regions of CCR2V64I, CCR5-59029G>A and CCR5Δ32 by polymerase chain reaction using sequence specific primers. The amplified products of CCRV64I and CCR5-59029G>A were digested with restriction enzymes (BsaB1 and Bsp12861) respectively. The CCR5Δ32 genotypes were determined by sizing the PCR amplicons. The association of these polymorphisms with the biopsy proven rejection and other clinical parameters was evaluated using the statistical software SPSS v.17.

Results

In this study, the G/G genotype of CCR2V64I was associated with a high frequency of allograft rejection (p = 0.009; OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.2–3.7). Rejection episode(s) in the GA + AA genotypes were found to be significantly lower as compared to the GG genotype (p = 0.009; OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2–0.8). The Kaplan–Meier curve also indicated a reduced overall allograft survival for patients with the G/G genotype of CCR2V64I (59.2 ± 1.4 weeks, log p = 0.008). There was a significant association with rejection by female donors possessing the CCR2 GG genotype (p = 0.02; OR = 2.6; CI = 1.1–6.3) and male donors with the CCR5-59029 GG genotype (p = 0.004; OR = 1.7; CI = 1.03–3.01).

Conclusion

This study shows an association of the CCR2V64I (G/G) genotype with renal allograft rejection. However, no such association was found for the CCR5 gene polymorphisms. Therapeutic interventions such as blocking the CCR2 receptor (especially G polymorphism) may yield better survival of renal allograft in this patient group. Further, chemokine receptors may be added to the spectrum of the immunogenetic factors that are known to be associated with renal allograft rejection.     

小鼠CCR7基因重组腺病毒的构建与鉴定

目的:构建含有小鼠趋化因子受体-7(CCR7)基因的重组腺病毒,为下一步转染不成熟树突状细胞(imDC)诱导免疫耐受研究奠定基础。方法:提取小鼠胸腺总RNA,应用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法,以自行设计的带有酶切位点的引物,扩增获得CCR7基因全部序列,经过T-A克隆,酶切亚克隆到穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV上,在BJ5183菌内和pAdeasy-1同源重组,筛选阳性克隆,酶切鉴定,线性化后脂质体法转染HEK293细胞进行包装、PCR鉴定及扩增,得到含有CCR7基因的重组腺病毒,根据报告基因GFP测定病毒滴度。结果:成功构建小鼠CCR7基因重组腺病毒,病毒滴度为1×10~9U/mL。结论:该重组腺病毒载体的成功构建,为进一步研究携带CCR7基因的imDC的趋化迁移性等研究提供了一定的工作基础。     

CCR5的结构和功能：近两年的研究进展

ＣＣＲ５是趋化蛋白ＭＩＰ－１α,ＭＩＰ－１β、ＲＡＮＴＥＳ的特异性受体,主要表达于单核／巨细胞及Ｔ细胞膜上,具有Ｇ蛋白受体所特有的７个胯膜区。ＣＣＲ５与白细胞的趋经性,炎症反应,嗜Ｍφ型ＨＩＶ－１株对ＣＤ４细胞的感染密度相关。ＣＣＲ５的缺陷与个体对ＨＩＶ－１的抗性有关。本文就近两年在ＣＣＲ５结构特点,转录调控,信号传递,生物学功能等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

CCR2介导MCP-1诱导的人内皮细胞凋亡

本室前期工作发现,单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)可诱导人内皮细胞(hVECs)凋亡.为进一步揭示MCP-1诱导凋亡分子机理,首先观察MCP-1对hVECs CC类趋化因子受体2(C-C motifchemokine receptor-2,CCR2)蛋白表达的影响.Western印迹结果显示,MCP-1以剂量依赖方式诱导CCR2在hVECs的表达.以脂质体为载体的CCR2反义寡核苷酸序列转染hVECs后,激光共聚焦显微镜及膜联蛋白(annexin)V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术显示,CCR2反义寡核苷酸转染hVECs48h后可明显降低CCR2蛋白质的表达(P0.05),抑制MCP-1诱导的hVECs凋亡(P0.01).反义CCR2抑制凋亡结果与加入CCR2阻断剂RS102895后细胞凋亡测定结果一致.上述结果表明,MCP-1的主要受体CCR2介导了MCP-1诱导的hVECs凋亡.     

人趋化因子受体CCR3与β-arrestin相互作用研究

G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptors,GPCRs)主要负责介导细胞内外跨膜信号转导功能,是重要的药物靶点.β-arrestin作为GPCRs行使功能的重要途径之一,其对调节GPCRs信号转导过程有重要意义.但目前对于β-arrestin如何与GPCRs相互作用并调控其信号转导功能尚不十分清楚.本文以趋化因子受体3 (CC chemokine receptor 3,CCR3)为研究对象,构建了β-arrestin与CCR3的共表达体系,利用激光共聚焦荧光成像与荧光共振能量转移(fluorescence resonance energy transfer,FRET)技术研究了β-arrestin与CCR3在活细胞水平的相互作用,利用RNAi和趋化实验考察了β-arrestin对CCR3稳转细胞趋化行为的调控作用,并在体外利用石英晶体微天平(quartz crystal microbalance,QCM)技术测定了β-arrestin突变体(R169E)与CCR3之间结合常数.结果显示,趋化因子CCL11 (chemokine C-C motif ligan...     

Distribution of the CCR5delta32 allele (gene variant CCR5) in Rondônia, Western Amazonian region, Brazil

Since around 1723, on the occasion of its initial colonization by Europeans, Rondonia has received successive waves of immigrants. This has been further swelled by individuals from northeastern Brazil, who began entering at the beginning of the twentieth century. The ethnic composition varies across the state according to the various sites of settlement of each wave of immigrants. We analyzed the frequency of the CCR5Δ32 allele of the CCR5 chemokine receptor, which is considered a Caucasian marker, in five sample sets from the population. Four were collected in Porto Velho, the state capital and the site of several waves of migration. Of these, two, from the Hospital de Base were comprised of HB Mothers and HB Newborns presenting allele frequencies of 3.5% and 3.1%, respectively, a third from the peri-urban neighborhoods of Candelária/Bate-Estaca (1.8%), whereas a fourth, from the Research Center on Tropical Medicine/CEPEM (0.6%), was composed of malaria patients under treament. The fifth sample (3.4%) came from the inland Quilombola village of Pedras Negras. Two homozygous individuals (CCR5Δ32/CCR5Δ32) were detected among the HB Mother samples. The frequency of this allele was heterogeneous and higher where the European inflow was more pronounced. The presence of the allele in Pedras Negras revealed European miscegenation in a community largely comprising Quilombolas.     

PKC�� take part in CCR7/NF-��B autocrine signaling loop in CCR7-positive squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) has been shown to express chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7). The role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in propagating an autocrine signaling loop in CCR7-positive SCCHN cells may provide a clinically useful biomarker of disease status and response to therapy. In this article, we hypothesized that PKCα might be involved in the CCR7/NF-κB autocrine signaling loop. Results showed that CCL19 induced the activation of PKCα, and the increased activity of PKCα was abolished by CCR7 mAb. PKCα inhibition with G?6976 led to significant reduction in the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB induced by CCL19. Immunohistochemical assay also showed that CCR7 and PKCα were highly expressed in SCCHN and correlated with each other, which was significantly related to lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. Taken together, PKCα is involved in the CCR7/NF-κB autocrine signaling loop.