FINE STRUCTURE OF ANNELLOPHORES. I. SCOPULARIOPSIS BREVICAULIS AND S. KONINGII

Fine-structure observations of annelloconidium production in filamentous Hyphomycetes are reported for the first time. The difference in conidium morphology between Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and S. koningii was quite distinct. In S. brevicaulis, verrucosities appeared early in conidium ontogeny and formed an integral part of the primary wall layer of mature conidia. In S. koningii, verrucosities were absent. In S. brevicaulis, annellations did not invariably result on conidiophore necks with the production of each conidium in the basipetal sequence, but alternatively could be left on subapical regions of subsequently formed conidia. In S. koningii, annellations were more distinct, and the position of a conidium-delimiting septum was variable. If a septum were formed at a position proximal to previous septa, a portion of the annellophore neck remained attached to the base f the seceding conidium. In both species, a spherical electron-dense body, perhaps analogous to septal pore plugs in vegetative hyphae, plugged the pore between conidia and conidiophores and remained embedded in the base of seceded conidia.     

A preliminary survey of cycloheximide-resistant airborne fungi in Turin,Italy

Numbers and type of the cycloheximide-resistant part of the aerially transmitted mycoflora of Turin were studied. Samples from three areas characterized by differing human usage were taken in the first week of March. During each sampling, 12 m³ of air were aspirated, using an one-stage volumetric sieve sampler. Fifty-two mesophilic species and eight thermotolerant were isolated. Propagule load varied from 2.92 to 120.31 cfu m^–3. The following species appear not to have been reported previously from air samples:Ascotricha bosei, Blastobotrys navarrensis, Cryptendoxyla hypophloia, Chrysosporium an.gymnoascus demonbreunii, Ophiostoma piceae, Penicillium vulpinum, Phialophora mustea, Rhinocladiella pedrosoi, Scopulariopsis croci, S. komngii andSesquiallium candelabrum. A significant number of potential opportunistic pathogens was isolated.Abbreviations CH Cycloheximide - RH relative humidity     

Some interesting species of Emericella and Aspergillus from Egyptian desert soil

Emericella desertorum Samson et Mouchacca spec. nov. is described and illustrated. It differs from the other Emericella species by the large ascospores with low crests. An Aspergillus conidial state was not observed. Additional information on the morphology and physiology of Emericella fruticulosa (Raper et Fennell) Malloch et Cain and Aspergillus egyptiacus Moubasher et Moustafa is given. The osmophilic and halophilic properties occurring within the genus Aspergillus are discussed.     

Keratinophilic fungi and other moulds associated with air-dust particles from Egypt

One-hundred and eleven species and three species varieties belonging to 39 genera were collected from 50 dust samples on the five media used at 28°C. Using the hair-baiting technique with horse hair, 10 species ofChrysosporium were isolated:C. asperatum, C. state ofArthroderma tuberculatum, C. indicum, C. inops, C. keratinophilum, C. merdarium, C. pannorum, C. queenslandicum, C. tropicum andC. xerophilum. True dermatophytes were isolated:Trichophyton verrucosum andTrichophyton sp. Also, numerous fungi tolerating high levels of cycloheximide were encountered, such as members ofAcremonium, Aspergillus andPenicillium. On plates of glucose or cellulose Czapek-Dox agar (free from sucrose) the most frequent fungi were:Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. flavus var.columnaris, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. sydowii, A. terreus, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium herbarum, Emericella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. oxalicum, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis andUlocladium atrum. On plates of 50% sucrose or 10 and 20% NaCl-Czapek's agar, some interesting species were frequently encountered:Eurotium amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. halophilicum, E. montevidensis, E. repens, E. rubrum andScopulariopsis halophilica. The isolated, fungi have been tested for osmophilicity and halophilicity, they showed different rates of growth on sucrose and sodium chloride-Czapek's medium of various osmotic potential.     

Beschreibung einiger neuer pilzarten aus dem centraalbureau voor schimmelcultures,Baarn (Nederland)

Zusammenfassung Es wurden folgende Pilze im Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures zu Baarn neu beschrieben:Chaetomium minimum, Piptocephalis macrospora, Scopularia corsicana, Gliocladium cibotii, Margarinomyces mutabilis, Scopulariopsis capsici, Scopulariopsis croci, Penicillium australicum.

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Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen anScopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.)Bain. (Fungi imperfecti)

Summary Scanning photos of the imperfect fungusScopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.)Bain. show new aspects of ontogenesis and morphology in this organism. Young conidia have a soft, deformable wall. Along fine spiral striations lateron the definite perisporal sculptures are formed.     

Fungal biodiversity in the air of Turin

The qualitative fungal composition of Turin 's atmospheric environment was surveyed, carrying out a twelve-month study and collecting with a single stage volumetric sieve sampler on Dermasel agar supplemented with 0.4 g l^–1 cycloheximide and 0.05 g l^–1 chloramphenicol. We isolated 165 species and 2 varieties of mesophilic fungi from 58 genera and 26 thermotolerant species from 12 genera. Penicillium, Aspergillus, Acremonium, Chrysosporium, Scopulariopsis, Malbranchea, Paecilomyces, Phialophora and Cladosporium were in sequence the genera most rich in mesophilic species; Aspergillus, Penicillium, Chrysosporium and Scopulariopsis the most rich in thermotolerant species. Many of the species isolated are rarely or never recorded in the atmospheric environment. Cycloheximide can thus be said to select among airborne fungi, giving a characteristic picture.Abbreviation CH Cycloheximide - cfu colony forming unit     

Five Simuliidae (Diptera) from West Cameroon

The male, female, pupa and larva of a new phoretic species of Simulium are described. A new species-group is established for this species and S.diceros, and its systematic position is discussed. Two other new species of Simulium are described from pupal material, and new forms of S.palmeri and S.berghei are recorded.     

Fibrinolytic activity of some fungi isolated from self-heated composted fertilizer

Mesophilic fungi isolated from organic fertilizer compost samples accounted for 70.94% of the total fungal count, while thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi constituted 29.05% of that count. Eight mesophilic fungal species, namelyAspergillus niger, Monilia sitophila, Paecilomyces divaricata, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. fellutanum, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, S. brumptii andZygorhynchus japonicus; two thermophilic fungiHumicola grisea andOidiodendron flavum and three thermotolerant speciesAspergillus fumigatus, Thermomyces lanuginosus andZygorhynchus vuilleminii were isolated during the study. Most of the tested fungi showed a proteolytic activity and liquified gelatin in the test tube method and in cup plates. The thermophilic fungusO. flavum was the most potent proteolytic fungus. The comparative fibrinolytic assay revealed the following sequence in the ability of the tested fungi to hydrolyse fibrin:O. fiavum>S. brevicaulis>H. grisea>A. fumigatus>T. lanuginosus.     

帚霉属三个新种及中国土壤中已知种的分种检索表（英文）

从中国不同地区的土壤中分离获得3个帚霉属新种及一个中国新记录种:长梗帚霉Scopulariopsis longipes sp.nov.、青霉状帚霉S.penicillioides sp.nov.,具瘤帚霉S.verrucifera sp.nov.和雪白帚霉S.nivea。对新种作了详细的描述。主模式、干制培养物及活菌种均保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP);等模式标本(干制培养物)保存在中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。提供了已知中国土壤中帚霉属真菌13个种的分种检索表。     

Taxonomy of the Archigregarinorida and Selenidiidae (Protozoa,Apicomplexa)*

SYNOPSIS. The gregarine order Archigregarinorida is redefined. The new family Selenidioididae is established in it, containing the genera Selenidioides n. g. with 11 species, Meroselenidium with 1 and Merogregarina with 1. The new family Exoschizonidae is also established in it, with 1 genus, Exoschizon, containing 1 species. The family Selenidiidae is transferred to the order Eugregarinorida in a new superfamily, Lecudinicae, and redefined to exclude the presence of merogony. As redefined, the family Selenidiidae contains the genera Selenidium with 33 species, Selenocystis with 1 and Ditrypanocystis with 2. The following new species are named: Selenidioides fanthami, S. hawesi, Selenidium mackinnonae, S. martinensis, S. rayi, Ditrypanocystis coxi. The following new combinations are introduced: Selenidioides axiferens, S. caulleryi, S. giganteum, S. hollandei, S. intraepitheliale, S. mesnili, S. metchnikovi, S. potamillae, S. sipunculi, Selenidium synaptae. In addition, the septate form from Cirratulus cirratus that was named Polyrhabdina cirratulus by Bogolepova (2) is renamed P. bogolepovae n. sp.     

Keratinophilic fungi on sheep hairs from the West Bank of Jordan

The mycoflora of the hair in 285 sheep from the West Bank of Jordan was analysed and the frequency of occurrence and the relative importance value for different fungal species found were calculated. Ninenty six species which belong to 36 genera were isolated. Forty one of these species were either well-known agents of animal and human mycoses (Trichophyton verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum nanum, M. canis, and others), or have been isolated from human and animal lesions (Arthroderma cuniculi, A. curreyi, Chrysosporium tropicum, Acremonium kiliense, Aphanoascus fulvuscens, Aspergillus versicolor, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, and others). These pathogenic fungi comprised 75.4% of all fungi recovered from the hair of sheep. This animal seems to represent an adequate reservoir for several dermatophytes and several potentially pathogenic fungi.     

Use of holomorph characters to delimit Microascus nidicola and M. soppii sp. nov., with notes on the genus Pithoascus

Several isolates of a perithecial microascaceous ascomycete having falcate ascospores and a Scopulariopsis anamorph were obtained from rotting wood in the boreal forest of Alberta, Canada. Additional isolates appeared conspecific based on anamorphic characters, but failed to produce a teleomorph. These isolates showed similarities to Microascus nidicola (type species of the genus Pithoascus) and Scopulariopsis flava. Sexual compatibility systems were investigated to establish holomorph concepts for these taxa. The teleomorph obtained in mating trials among anamorphic isolates was identical to that of self-fertile isolates. The new heterothallic species M. soppii is described. The anamorph is S. soppii. Single ascospore isolates derived from M. nidicola demonstrated homothallism and lacked an anamorph. Scopulariopsis flava (basionym Acaulium flavum) is considered a nomen dubium. Generic concepts of Pithoascus are evaluated and the genus is treated as a synonym of Microascus. Pithoascus stoveri is transferred as M. stoveri comb. nov.     

New species and records of Stigmaeidae (Acari: Prostigmata) from New Zealand - ID. Genus Stigmaeus Koch

Abstract

Stigmaeus arboricola, S. montanus, S. luxtoni, and S. novazealandicus are described as new species, and the larva of S. loadmani is described. Several new records are noted, and a key is given to the New Zealand species of Stigmaeus.     

Saussurea baoxingensis sp. nov. (Compositae,Cardueae) from Sichuan,China

Saussurea baoxingensis Y. S. Chen (Compositae, Cardueae), a new species of snow lotus from the Sichuan province, China is described and illustrated. It belongs to subgenus Amphilaena and is allied to S. muliensis. Morphological characteristics that distinguish the new species from S. muliensis are presented and discussed.     

广西兰科植物二新记录属

该文报道了广西兰科(Orchidaceae) 2个新记录属,即鹿角兰属(Pomatocalpa Breda)和独花兰属(Changnienia S. S. Chien)。鹿角兰属植物共有13种,中国分布有2种,广西首次记录到该属的台湾鹿角兰[Pomatocalpa undulatum (Lindley) J. J. Smith subsp. acuminatum (Rolfe) S. WatthanaS. W. Chung];独花兰属为单种属,仅独花兰(Changnienia amoena S. S. Chien) 1种,该种为中国特有种,广西首次记录。该文还提供了新记录属和种的形态描述和图片。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Stemonurus corrugatus</Emphasis> (Stemonuraceae,Icacinaceae s.l.) a new species from Sarawak

Summary   Stemonurus corrugatus Utteridge & Schori is described and illustrated as a new species from Sarawak, Malaysia. The new species is similar to S. grandifolius, S. scorpioides, and S. umbellatus, and morphological differences among the taxa are discussed. A distribution map and notes on the new species’ conservation status are provided.     

New species of the genus Salganea (Blattaria, Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Myanmar, with molecular phylogenetic analyses and notes on social structure

A new species of the genus Salganea is described from Mount Victoria, Chin State, Myanmar under the name of Salganea matsumotoi sp. nov. Morphological investigation suggests that this species belongs to the S. nigrita species group. The inferred molecular phylogenetic tree indicates that S. matsumotoi is most closely related to the taxa S. incerta, S. taiwanensis, S. gressiti and S. esakii, distributed in Thailand, Taiwan and Japan, all of which belong to the S. nigrita species group. Social structural data suggest that this species is subsocial, and in contrast to other studied species in the genus, potentially has more than one reproductive episode.     

A new species of Schoutedenichia Jadin & Vercammen-Grandjean, 1954 from Madagascar and a re-description of S. dutoiti (Radford, 1948) from South Africa (Acariformes: Trombiculidae)

A new chigger mite species, Schoutedenichia microcebi n. sp. is described from the grey mouse lemur Microcebus murinus (J.F. Miller) from Madagascar. The new species is closely related to S. dutoiti (Radford, 1948), a species described from a single specimen collected on a rodent in South Africa. Examination of the holotype and new material on S. dutoiti from South Africa enabled us to re-describe this species and provide new data on its hosts and geographical distribution.