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1.
Bt毒素对棉铃虫雄蛾感受雌蛾性信息素EAG反应的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
穆兰芳  董双林 《昆虫学报》2005,48(3):450-454
用含Bt毒素的人工饲料饲养棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera 3龄幼虫至成虫(死亡率为40%~50%),采用触角电位 (electroantennogram, EAG) 技术,测定了雄蛾对雌蛾性信息素2种组分顺9-十六碳烯醛(Z9-16:Ald)、顺11-十六碳烯醛(Z11-16:Ald)及其混合物(Z11-16:Ald∶Z9-16:Ald=97∶3)的EAG反应。结果表明,Bt毒素对雄蛾感受性信息素单一组分和混合物的EAG反应均具促进作用;且随信息素剂量的增加,这种促进作用也随之增强。这一结果对于评价和实施延缓棉铃虫对Bt棉抗性的“庇护所"策略,具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

2.
北京地区的烟青虫(Helicover Pa asslta Cucn(?)e)的性信息素腺体提取物经毛细管柱气相色谱分析及GC MS分析,鉴定了6种组分.这6种组分为:十六醛(16:Ald)、顺 9—十六烯醛(Z9—16:Ald)、顺11—十六烯醛(Zll 16:Ald)、顺9—十六烯醇(Z9-16:OH)、顺11—十六烯醇(Zll-16:OH)、顺9—十六烯基乙酸酯(Z9 16:OAc),比例为10.9:58.7:3.9:14.7:1.1:10.7.田间试验表明,只有16:Ald、Z9 16:Ald和Zll 16:Ald(比例为15.3:79.2:5.5)组成的三组分诱芯和Z9—16:Ald和Zll—16:Ald(比例为93.4:6.6)组成的两组分诱芯对于雄蛾有强烈的引诱活性.在3种醛为组分的诱芯中加入Z9 16:OH明显地降低引诱活性.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract  The sex pheromone gland extracts of the Oriental tobacco budworm, Helicover assulta Guenée, collected from North China in Beijing area, were analyzed by capillary gas chromatograph(GC) and 6 components from the extracts were identified by capillary GC—MS as hexadecanal (16:Ald), (Z)9-hexadecenal (Z9–16:Ald), (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald), (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol (Z9–16:OH), Z11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11–16:OH), Z-9-hexadecenylacetate (Z9–16:OAc) at a ratio of 10. 9: 58. 7: 3. 9: 14. 7: 1.1: 10. 7. Field studies indicated that an optimum blend of Z9–16:Ald and Z11–16:Ald was 100: 7. Addition of 16: Ald or Z9–16:Ac to the two aldehyde blend showed no significant effect on attractiveness. However presence of Z9–16:OH in the blends significantly reduced male captures.  相似文献   

4.
棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera主要借助于性信息素通讯完成雌雄识别,实现交配和种群繁衍。关于棉铃虫感受性信息素机制的研究一直是我国化学生态学领域的热点和重心,研究结果有助于开发和改进棉铃虫防治的性引诱剂。本文将对棉铃虫雄虫感受雌虫释放的性信息素的机制进行综述,以期为深入研究棉铃虫及其他相关昆虫的性信息素感受的分子和神经机理提供参考。棉铃虫雌虫性信息素腺体合成和释放多种长链、饱和或非饱和的脂肪醛和醇等化合物,其中Z11-16:Ald为主要性信息素成分,Z9-16∶Ald和Z9-14∶Ald为次要性信息素成分,不同组分按一定比例混合可明显增强对雄性棉铃虫的引诱效果,而化合物Z11-16∶OH和高剂量的Z9-14∶Ald对性信息素引诱活性具有明显的抑制效果。相应地,雄性棉铃虫触角上A, B和C 3种类型的毛形感器能够感受这些信息化合物。A类型毛形感器内表达受体OR13感受Z11-16∶Ald,B类型毛形感器内表达OR14b感受Z9-14∶Ald,C类型毛形感器内表达OR6和OR16感受Z9-16∶Ald, Z9-14∶Ald, Z11-16:Ac和Z11-16∶OH。受体的表达位置和功能与不同类型毛形感器的电生理反应特性相一致。钙离子成像证明在棉铃虫触角叶内的3个扩大型神经纤维球接受这些气味信息,其中神经纤维球云状体接受Z11-16∶Ald,背中间后侧纤维球接受Z9-16∶Ald,背中间前侧纤维球接受Z9-14∶Ald, Z11-16∶Ac和Z11-16∶OH。这些研究成果在感器、受体和脑中枢水平上揭示了棉铃虫感受性信息素的机制,在这些研究基础上,我们认为需要深入开展以下方面的研究:(1)进一步鉴定相关性信息素受体的功能和定位;(2)深入研究脑内嗅觉高级中枢对性信息素信息的处理和整合神经机制;(3)明确棉铃虫性信息素感受受到寄主植物、光周期、温度、湿度等环境因素的影响及机制。  相似文献   

5.
Three sex pheromonal components, (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald), (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11–16:OH), and hexadecanal (16:Ald), in a ratio of 88.0∶7.2∶4.8, were identified from ovipositor extracts of the fulvous clover moth,Heliothis maritima Grasl. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. In addition, trace amounts of (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9–16:Ald) were detected in the extracts by GC. A blend of Z11–16:Ald, Z11–16:OH and 16:Ald in a ratio of 100∶6∶3, as well as in combination with 0.1 or 1 part Z9–16:Ald was tested at 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μg doses in a flight tunnel. In flight tunnel tests male behavioral responses elicited by 0.1 or 1.0 μg doses of the 100∶6∶3∶1 blend were similar to those elicited by an ovipositor extract at 2 female equivalents. Deletion of Z9–16:Ald from the blend at 0.1 μg dose caused a decrease in the male response. In the field test, however, presence or absence of Z9–16:Ald did not significantly influence the number of males trapped in sticky traps with rubber septa containing 100 μg of the respective blends.  相似文献   

6.
Helicoverpa gelotopoeon Dyar is a very important pest of economic importance on cotton in Argentina. Analysis of female pheromone gland extracts prepared from 1‐ to 2‐day‐old virgin female moths demonstrated the presence of a 1 : 0.84 blend of hexadecanal (16:Ald) and (Z)‐9‐hexadecenal (Z9‐16:Ald), with trace quantities of tetradecanal in some samples, 2.4% of 16:Ald. The average quantity of Z9‐16:Ald extracted per female was estimated to be 33 ng, with a range of 18.9–46.4 ng per female when collected 2–3 h into the scotophase. In field trials conducted in both cotton and tomato crops in Santiago del Estero, Argentina 1 : 1 blends of 16:Ald and Z9‐16:Ald caught significantly more male H. gelotopoeon than Z9‐16:Ald alone, although there was no significant difference between blends containing between a 0.2 : 1 and 2 : 1 ratio of 16:Ald and Z9‐16:Ald. There was no analytical evidence for the presence of (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal (Z11‐16:Ald) in pheromone gland extracts, although this compound has been identified in all female sex pheromones of Heliothinae to date. In field trials, the addition of Z11‐16:Ald at the 1% level to either a 1 : 1 blend of 16:Ald and Z9‐16:Ald or Z9‐16:Ald alone significantly reduced the catch of male H. gelotopoeon. Sympatric Heliothis virescens were not caught in any of the blends tested for H. gelotopoeon, but were caught in low numbers in traps baited with a 4 : 100 blend of (Z)‐9‐tetradecenal and (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract Gas chromatographic and mass spectral analyses were conducted on the pheromone gland extracts of female moth of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). Saturated aldehyde (16:Ald), (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z-9–16:Ald), (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z-11–16:Ald), hexade-canol (16:OH) and (Z)-11-hexadecenol (2–11–16:OH) were found from gland extracts in the ratio of 6.1:4. 5 :100:3. 5 :8.8. In field tests of Shandong and Shanxi Provinces, 2 mg blends of Z -11–16:Ald and Z-9–16:Ald (97:3) applied on a rubber dispenser effectively attracted H. armigera males. The addition of 4%-7% 16 :Ald to the binary mixture caused increase over that of the binary mixture. The addition of 1%Z-11–16:OH to binary or trinary mixture may reduce catches, while addition of 5% Z-11–16:OH reduced catches singnificantly.  相似文献   

8.
用气相色谱分析法研究了温度和光周期对棉铃虫雌蛾分泌性信息素的影响。结果表明,温度和光周期对棉铃虫雌蛾分泌性信息素各组分的含量影响较为明显。统计分析表明,不同温度和光周期条件下,性信息素各组分的含量差异显著(P<0.05),温度越低,光周期越短,各组分的含量越高。温度对性信息素各组分的相对比例影响较小,而光周期对性信息素各组分的相对比例影响明显,不同光周期下性信息素各组分的相对比例差异显著(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
Field tests of three synthetic sex pheromone blends (Japanese blend: Z11–18:Ald (55 μg), Z13–18:Ald (500 μg), Z11–18:OH (120 μg) and Z13–18:OH (180 μg), Indian blend: Z11–16:Ac (50 μg) and Z13–18:Ac (500 μg) and Philippine blend: Z11–16:Ac (500 μg) and Z13–18:Ac (10 μg) based on geographic variations in sex pheromones) of the rice leaffolder moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), were conducted at Yogyakarta (Java), and at Sempidi and Penatih (Bali), Indonesia. Only the Japanese blend attracted significant numbers of male C. medinalis, while neither the Indian nor the Philippine blend showed any attractiveness to the males. In the GC–MS analysis of a crude extract from pheromone glands of female C. medinalis collected at Sanur, Bali. Indonesia, Z11–18:Ald, Z13–18:Ald, Z11–18:OH and Z13–18:OH were detected at a ratio of 10:100:26:37, and the total amount was approximately 0.8 ng/female. Neither Z11–16:Ac nor Z13–18:Ac were detected. These results suggest that C. medinalis that respond to the Japanese blend are widely distributed from Eastern Asia through Southeast Asia.  相似文献   

10.
Six compounds were identified from gland extracts of the cotton bollworm, Heliothis armigera(Hubner): (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), (Z)-9-hexa-decenal (Z9-16:Ald), hexadecanal, (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH), (Z)-7-hexadecenal (Z7-16:Ald), and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14:Ald). Each of the compounds that were identified was examined for its ability to elicit sexual responses from male moths in a flight tunnel. Males flew upwind to Z11-16:Ald alone, but greater levels of copulatory responses were evoked with the addition of 2.5% Z9-16:Ald to the Z11-16:Ald. Addition of hexadecanal to the binary mixture had no effect in raising the behavioral response of the males in the flight tunnel. The effect of Z7-16:Ald on male flight depended on the loading. The addition of 1% of this component to 2 mg of the binary mixture reduced levels of copulatory response, but the same addition (1 %) to 10 g of the binary mixture increased copulatory response. The addition of 79-14:Ald or Z11-16:OH to the binary mixture reduced behavioral responses of males. High loadings of the binary mixture (200–2000 g) were better than a low loading (10 g) in eliciting response of males.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 2455-E, 1988 series.  相似文献   

11.
Analysis by gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection of extracts of pheromone glands derived from calling females of the sugarcane‐borer Diatraea flavipennella revealed two antennally active compounds. These components were identified as (Z)‐9‐hexadecenal (Z9–16:Ald) and (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald) by comparison of the retention times of the natural compounds and the synthetic compounds supported by two‐dimensional gas chromatography – time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric analysis and the positions of the double bounds in the chains were confirmed from the mass spectral fragmentation patterns of their dimethyldisulphide adducts. The analysis indicated that Z9–16:Ald and Z11–16:Ald were present in the sex pheromone in the proportions 25 : 75. Trace amounts of tetradecanal, hexadecanal, (Z)‐7‐hexadecenal (Z7–16:Ald), (Z)‐9‐hexadecen‐1‐ol and (Z)‐11‐hexadecen‐1‐ol were also found in the extract, but of these only Z9–16:Ald and Z11–16:Ald appeared to be antennally active. Behavioural bioassays demonstrated that a binary blend composed of Z9–16:Ald and Z11–16:Ald in the ratio of 25 : 75 induced a response in D. flavipennella virgin males similar to that elicited by live virgin females or by an hexane extract of the pheromone glands of calling females. Z9–16:Ald and Z11–16:Ald are, therefore, considered to be the major constituents of the female sex pheromone of D. flavipennella.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract  Extracts of hairpencils ffom male cotton bollworm moth were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, acid methanolysis, and GC-MS. Ten components have been identified as: 14; OH, 14: Ac, 14: COOH, 211–16: OH, 16: OH, 16: Ac, 16: COOH, 18: OH, 18: Ac, and 18: COOH. Based on the statistics of titer of each chemical, the total amount of three saturated alcohols is over 75%. The amounts of the chemicals in the hairpencils are related to the age of males. There are no chemicals identified in the extracts from males less than 10 h after eclosion, then the quantity of compounds increased rapidly during 48 h after adult eclosion. After 5 days, the quantity decreased.  相似文献   

13.
Premating behaviors mediated by pheromones play pivotal roles in animal mating choices. In natural populations of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis and the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in the rice field habitat, we discovered that Z11-16:Ald, a major component of the C. suppressalis pheromone, modulated the premating behavior of C. medinalis. Z11-16:Ald evoked a strong olfactory response in male antennae and strongly inhibited the sex pheromone trapping of male C. medinalis in the field. The functions of three C. medinalis sex pheromone receptor genes (CmedPR1–3) were verified through heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes. CmedPR1 responded to Z11-18:OH and Z11-18:Ald, as well as the interspecific pheromone compound Z11-16:Ac of sympatric species; CmedPR2 responded to Z13-18:OH and Z13-18:Ald, as well as the sex pheromone compounds Z11-16:Ald and Z9-16:Ald of sympatric species; and CmedPR3 responded to Z11-18:OH and Z13-18:OH, as well as the interspecific pheromones Z11-16:OH, Z9-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac, and Z11-16:Ald of sympatric species. Thus, CmedPR2 and CmedPR3 share the ligand Z11-16:Ald, which is not a component of the C. medinalis sex pheromone. Therefore, the sex pheromones of interspecific species affected the input of neural signals by stimulating the sex pheromone receptors on the antennae of male C. medinalis moths, thereby inhibiting the olfactory responses of the male moths to the sex pheromones. Our results demonstrate chemical communication among sympatric species in the rice field habitat, the recognition of intra- and interspecific sex pheromones by olfactory receptors, and how insect premating behaviors are modulated to possibly affect resource partitioning.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract  Along with the major component, (E1–10–hexadecenal (E10–16: Al,), two minor components, (Z)-10-hexadecenal(Z10-l6:Aid) and hexadecanal (16: Ald) were identified as components of the sex pheromone of Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenee. Analysis of single sex pheromone gland extracts by capillary gas chromatography indicated that the relative ratio of 16:Ald, E10–16:Aldt and 210–16:Ald was equal to 13. 0:80. 4:6. 6 respectively. Field trails indicated that 210–16: Ald and 16: Aid alone caught no males. The most attractive was a blend containing 16: Ald, E10–16:Ald, and 210–16: Ald at a ratio of 16:100:8, and a two-compound blend of E10–16:Ald and 210–16:Ald at a ratio of 100:8.  相似文献   

15.
棉铃虫性外激素成分的化学分析和田间试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用毛细柱的气相色谱和质谱对棉铃虫(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)雌蛾腺体提取物的分析,鉴定出了他和十六碳醛、顺-9-十六碳烯醛、顺-11-十六碳烯醛、饱和十六碳醇和顺-11-十六碳烯醇,其相对比例为6.1:4.5:100:3.5:8.8。在山东、山西省的田间试验中,2mg的顺-11-十六碳烯醛和顺-9-十六碳烯醛(97:3)置橡胶塞上能有效地引诱棉铃虫雄蛾。增加4%-7%他和十六碳醛到二元混合物中诱蛾量超过二元混合物。增加1%顺-11-十六碳烯醇到二元或三元混合物中减少诱蛾量,当增加5%顺-11-十六碳醇时诱蛾量大量减少。  相似文献   

16.
《Journal of Asia》2020,23(4):935-941
Hellula undalis is a harmful insect pest of green mustard in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. In order to establish a tool for a sustainable pest control program, the sex pheromone of H. undalis inhabiting the Mekong Delta was examined. GC-EAD and GC–MS analyses of pheromone gland extracts from the virgin females elucidated three new components, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc), (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), and (11E,13E)-11,13-hexadecadien-1-ol, in addition to the known pheromone component (11E,13E)-11,13-hexadecadienal (E11,E13-16:Ald). Double bond positions of the two monoenyl components were determined by GC–MS analysis of the pheromone extract treated with dimethyl disulfide. On the other hand, GC–MS analysis of the female body extract detected the unsaturated hydrocarbon (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-tricosatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H). Field examinations of their synthetic compounds indicated the significant role of E11,E13-16:Ald as a major component and a clear synergistic effect of the two monoenyl compounds as a minor component. Although the 3:3:7 mixture of Z11-14:OAc, E11-16:Ald, and E11,E13-16:Ald captured the largest number of males among the tested mixtures, the activity was still quite a bit lower than that of virgin females. However, the 3:3:7:1 mixture, which was prepared by adding a small amount of Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H to the 3:3:7 ternary lure, succeeded in attracting males more powerfully than the females did. This strong synergistic effect was not observed when the triene was added to unmixed E11,E13-16:Ald, indicating important roles of not only the triene but also the two monoenyl compounds as natural pheromone components.  相似文献   

17.
The crude extract from Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) has been identified to be (Z)‐11‐octadecenal (Z11‐18:Ald), (Z)‐13‐octadecenal (Z13‐18:Ald), (Z)‐11‐octadecen‐1‐ol (Z11‐18:OH) and (Z)‐13‐octadecen‐1‐ol (Z13‐18:OH) in the GC‐MS, confirming the results reported previously in Japan. Field evaluation in China showed that the optimal blend is Z11‐18:Ald, Z13‐18:Ald, Z11‐18:OH and Z13‐18:OH at a ratio of 3 : 25 : 3 : 3. The optimal dosage is 500 μg Z13‐18:Ald per PVC tubing lure. In August, trap catches were highest between 3:00 and 4:00 a.m., and no moths were caught before 12:00 a.m. or after 6:00 a.m. The impact of trap design and trap height placement was also evaluated in the paddy field. The sticky wing trap was better than the water pan trap. The number of moths captured by the electric grid trap was 1.7 times greater than caught by the sticky wing trap. The optimal trap height was 20 cm below the top of the rice plants (80 cm high). Pheromone lure formulated from 60 μg Z11‐18:Ald, 500 μg Z13‐18:Ald, 60 μg Z11‐18:OH and 60 μg Z13‐18:OH was effective for population monitoring in trial sites in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, Chongqing and Hainan Provinces, encompassing both subtropical and temperate regions. Use of this synthetic pheromone blend provides a promising alternative to the currently used disturb and count method (DCM) for monitoring the population of C. medinalis in China.  相似文献   

18.
除主组分反-10-十六烯醛(E10-16:Ald)外,还鉴定了桃蛀螟.Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenée.性信息素的两种微量组分:顺-10-十六烯醛(Z10-16:Ald)和十六醛(16:Ald)。采用单腺体提取、毛细管柱气相色谱分析的方法测定16:Ald,E10-16:Ald和Z-16:Ald的相对比例为13.0:80.4:6.6。田间试验表明,16:Ald和Z10-16:Ald单个组分诱不到雄蛾.引诱力强的是三组分诱芯(16:Ald:E-10:Ald:Z-Ald为16:100:8)和两组分的诱芯(E-10:Ald:Z-10:Ald为100:8)。  相似文献   

19.
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), is a worldwide pest of cruciferous crops. We examined the female pheromone production and male response to various pheromone blends in two Korean populations. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC‐mass spectrometry (MS) analyses of pheromone gland extracts revealed that females produce (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal (Z11‐16:Ald), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate (Z11‐16:OAc), and (Z)‐11‐hexadecen‐1‐ol (Z11‐16:OH) in a ratio of 8:100:18. However, (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z9‐14:OAc), a previously reported component of the sex attractant of a Canadian P. xylostella population was not detected in gland extracts of the Korean one. Field tests showed that Z11‐16:Ald and Z11‐16:OAc are essential for attraction of male moths, and the highest attraction is obtained with a 10:90 blend mimicking the blend found in gland extracts. Addition of 1 or 10% of Z11‐16:OH to the 10:90 blend of Z11‐16:Ald and Z11‐16:OAc significantly increased attraction. However, attraction was strongly antagonized by the addition of as little as 0.1% of Z9‐14:OAc to the most attractive ternary blend. The ternary blend of Z11‐16:Ald, Z11‐16:OAc, and Z11‐16:OH at a ratio of 10:90:1 was more effective at catching P. xylostella males than the Japanese three‐component blend or the Canadian four‐component blend in Korea. These results suggest that there is geographical variation in the pheromone systems of this species.  相似文献   

20.
Field responses of Gortyna xanthenes (Germar) males to traps baited with different mixtures of the female sex pheromone components were evaluated in an artichoke field. Catches were compared to those obtained by virgin females and light traps. The best results were achieved by utilizing a mixture of 5 mg Z11-16:Ald + 0.15 mg Z9-16:Ald + 0.15 mg 16:Ald + 0.12 mg Z11-16:OH, which captured only G. xanthenes males 3–5 times more than light traps and ca two times more than one virgin female. Starting from the basic mixture Z11-16:Ald (89–92%) + Z9-16:Ald (2–4%), the addition of 16:Ald (2–4%) and of Z11-16:OH (2–3%) produced an increase of G. xanthenes and a decrease of H, armigera (Hb.) catches. The inhibitory action of Z11-16:OH towards H. armigera males was confirmed.
Evaluation sur le terrain des constituants de la phéromone sexuelle de la noctuelle de l'artichaut (Gortyna xanthenes)
Résumé Dans un champ d'artichaut de la province de Salerno on a evalué la réponse des mâles de G. xanthenes à mélanges divers des constituants de la phéromone sexuelle produite par la femelle. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus en employant un mélange de 5 mg Z11-16:Ald + 0.15 mg Z9-16:Ald + 0.15 mg 16:Ald + 0.12 mg Z11-16:OH, qui a capturé seulement les mâles de G. xanthenes en mesure 3–5 fois plus élevée que les pièges lumineux et ca. deux fois plus élevée que la femelle vierge. En partant du mélange base Z11-16:Ald (89–92%) + Z9-16:Ald (2–4%), l'addition de 16:Ald (2–4%) et de Z11-16:OH (2–3%) a causé un accroissement des captures de G. xanthenes et une diminution des captures de Heliothis armigera. Cela confirme l'action inhibitoire du Z11-16:OH à l'égard des males de H. armigera.
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