New Books

Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H. (eds) 1996: Ecology and evolution of acoustic communication in birsds. Rigler, F. J. & Peters, R. H. 1995: Science and limnology. Cushing, D. H. (1996): Towards a science of recruitment in fish populations. Hausmann, K. & Hösmann, N. 1996: Protozoology. 2nd edition, with contributions by H. Machemer, M. Mulisch, and G. Steinbrück. Sommer, U. 1996: Algen, Quallen, Wasserfloh-Die Welt des Planktons, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelber, New York.     

New Books

Andersson , M. 1994: Sexual selection. Monographs in behaviour and ecology Cruse , H. 1996: Neural networks as cybernetic systems. Georg Thieme Verlag Vauclair , J. 1996: Animal cognition: an introduction to modern comparative psychology     

RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS

BAUER, H-C. & BERTHOLD, P. 1996. Die Brutvogel Mitteleuropas: Bestand und Gefahrdung.
BEYNON, P.H., FORBES, N.A. & HARCOURT-BROWN. N.H. (eds). 1996. Manual of Raptors. Pigeons and Waterfowl.
BIRD. D.M., VAKIAND. D.E. & NEGRO, JJ. (eds) 1996. Raptors in Human landscapes: Adaptations to built and cultivated environments.
BLACK, J.M. (ed.). 1996. Partnerships in Birds: The study of monogamy.
CLEMMONS, J.R. & BUCHHOLZ, R. (eds). 1997. Behavioural Approaches to Conservation in the Wild.
DEL, HOYO, J,. Elliot, A. & SARGATAL. J. (eds). 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks.
GERLACH, J. (ed.). Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles. 1997. Seychelles Red Ilata Book 1997.
HANININOS. G. & AKHIOTIS. T. 1997. The Birds of Greece.
HEATHER. B. & ROBERTSON, H. 1996. The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand.
HURFORD. C. & LANSDOWN, P. 1995. Birds of Glamorgan.
LAMHERT. F. & WOODCOCK, M. 1996. Pittas, Broadbills and Asities.
LANDMANN. A. 1996. Der Hausrotschwanz.
MLIKOVSKY. J. (ed.). 1995. Tertiary Avian Localities of Europe.
OLIOSO, G. 1996. Oiseaux de Vaucluse et de la Drdme ProvenCal.
PAIN, D.J. & PIENKOWSKI. M.W. (eds). 1997. Farming and Birds in Europe. The Common Agricultural Policy and its implications for bird conservation.
PALM. S. 1997. The Origin of Flapping Flight in Birds.
PANOW, E.N. 1996. Die Wiirger der Palaarktis.
REASTALL, R. 1996. Munias and Mannikins.
STANDLEY, P, BUCKNELL, N.J., SWASH, A. & COLLINS, I.D. 1996. The Birds of Berkshire.
STEYN. P. 1996. Nesting Birds: The breeding habits of southern African birds.
VAN DEN BRINK, H., VAN DIJK, A., VAN Os, B. & VENEMA, P. 1996. Broedvogels van Drenthe.
ZIMMRRMAN, D.A., TURNER. D.A. & PEARSON. D.J. 1996. Birds of Kenya and Northern Tanzania.     

New Books

Beletsky , L. D. & Orians , G. H. 1996: Red-winged blackbirds: decision-making and reproductive success. Houck , L. D. & Drickamer , L. C. (eds) 1996: Foundations of animal behavior: classic papers with commentaries. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council 1996: Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Brown , C. R. & Brown , M. B. 1996: Coloniality in the cliff swallow: The effect of group size on social behavior. Power, D. M. (ed.) 1993: Current Ornithology. Hölder, H. (1996): Naturgeschichte des Lebens.     

New Book

Book reviewed in this article: Lehrer, M . (ed.) 1997: Orientation and Communication in Arthropods. Black, J. M . 1996: Partnerships in Birds: The Study of Monogamy. Ellis, D. H., Gee, G. F. & Mirande, C. M . (eds) 1996: Cranes: Their Biology, Husbandry and Conservation. Cook, W. E . 1997: Avian Desert Predators. Costa, G . 1995: Behavioural Adaptations of Desert Animals. Remmert , H. (1998): Spezielle Okologie, Terrestrische Systeme. Nyhart, L. K . 1995: Biology Takes Form. Animal Morphology and the German     

A "Screen-and-Treat" Approach for Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Population-Based Study in Vammala, Finland

Background:  To accelerate the decline of Helicobacter pylori infection, and to study the significance of the possible risk factors for H. pylori infection in Finland, we started a voluntary H. pylori "screen-treat-retest-and-retreat" program for all young adults at primary health care in Vammala, Finland after a pilot study in 1994 including 504 subjects aged 15–75.
Materials and Methods:  A total of 3326 aged 15–40 in 1996, and 716 aged 15 and 584 aged 45 in 1997–2000 were screened for H. pylori using serology. Helicobacter pylori positive were treated, cure was verified by serology.
Results:  The eradication rates were 93.8%, 82.2%, and 77.6% per protocol in pilot study in 1994, in subjects invited in 1996 and 1997–2000, respectively. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence rates were calculated to have decreased from 36% to 14% in pilot study, from 12% to 4% among subjects invited in 1996, from 3% to 2% among subjects aged 15 and from 27% to 12% among subjects aged 45 in 1997–2000. An epidemiologic questionnaire in 1996 revealed that crowding in the childhood household, low education of the mother, current smoking and alcohol consumption, unfavorable housing conditions, and sick leaves due to dyspepsia were independently associated with H. pylori infection.
Conclusions:  This intervention with high participation rates resulted in a significant decline in calculated H. pylori seroprevalence rates. Although the low prevalence of H. pylori infection may limit the cost efficiency of the program, the intervention is expected to reduce the burden of H. pylori -associated diseases.     

Irrigation and State Formation in Hunza: The Anthropology of a Hydraulic Kingdom

Irrigation and State Formation in Hunza: The Anthropology of. Hydraulic Kingdom. H. Sidky. Lanham. MD: University Press of America, 1996. 181 pp.     

New Books

Book reviewed in this article: Byrne R . 1995: The thinking ape. Evolutionary origins of intelligence. Tembrock G . 1996: Akustische Kommunikation bei Säugetieren. Die Stimmen der Säugetiere und ihre Bedeutung. Kleiman , D., Allen , M., Thompson , K., Lumpkin , S. & Harris , H. (eds) 1996: Wild mammals in captivity. Principles and techniques. Strahan, R . (ed.) 1996: Mammals of Australia. Tarsnane, S . 1996: Waterfowl — care, breeding and conservation. Vince, M . 1996: Softbills — care, breeding and conservation. Bjorndal, K. A . (ed) 1995: Biology and conservation of sea turtles (revised edition). Spindler, K.-D . 1997: Vergleichende Endokrinologie. Regulation und Mechanismen. Prinzinger, R . 1996: Das Geheimnis des Alterns. Die programmierte Lebenszeit bei Mensch, Tier und Pflanze. Spear , N. E., Spear , L. P. & Woodruff , M. L. (eds) 1995: Neurobehavioral Plasticity. Learning, Development, and Response to Brain Insults.     

New Hypoxylon species and notes on some names associated with or related to Hypoxylon

These new species of Hypoxylon are described: H. elevatidiscus, H. squamulosum, H. subalbum and H. vinosopulvinatum. A referenced list of all Hypoxylon species known to us described since 1996 is given and a key presented. Names associated with Hypoxylon that were not given in the Ju and Rogers monograph are annotated and diagnostic corrections of taxa discussed in that monograph are given.     

Salt-Sensitive and Auxotrophic Mutants of Halomonas elongata and H. meridiana by Use of Hydroxylamine Mutagenesis

The killing action and induced mutagenicity in hydroxylamine (HA)-treated cells of two moderately halophilic species of the genus Halomonas, H. elongata and H. meridiana, were investigated. A high sensitivity of H. elongata and especially of H. meridiana to HA was found. The efficiency of the mutagenicity obtained with the HA treatment was tested at different salinities. Optimal experimental conditions for HA mutagenesis of these two moderate halophiles were determined. A clear, efficient mutagenicity of both H. elongata and H. meridiana after HA mutagenesis was achieved. The optimal procedures yielded a number of useful auxotrophic mutants of H. elongata as well as different salt-sensitive mutants of H. elongata and H. meridiana for further studies. Some of these latter mutants appeared to be affected in the synthesis of compatible solutes. Received: 11 June 1996 / Accepted: 19 July 1996     

Creoles of Color of the Gulf South

Creoles of Color of the Gulf South, James H. Dormon. ed. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1996. 190 pp.     

Senses of Place

Senses of Place. Steven Feld and Keith H. Basso. eds. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1996. 293 pp.     

Floods of Fortune: Ecology and Economy along the Amazon

Floods of Fortune: Ecology and Economy along the Amazon. Michael Goulding. Nigel J. H. Smith. and Dennis J. Mahar. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. 193 pp.     

Biotechnological production of prostaglandins

The metabolism of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid, by prostaglandin H synthase results in a wide range of oxidized products with potent biological activities. Among these metabolites, a group of compounds called prostaglandins has drawn the attention of both scientists and medical practitioners. Prostaglandins can be manufactured from polyunsaturated fatty acids with the help of enzymes from mammals. The yield of the desired prostaglandin can be increased by means of various activators, enzyme recycling, immobilised enzymes or semibatch processes with either continuous or stepwise addition of the substrate. Received: 10 June 1996 / Received revision: 7 November 1996 / Accepted: 10 November 1996     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Thompson , N. S. (ed.) 1995: Perspectives in ethology, Vol. 11: Behavioral design. Zimmermann , E., Newman , J. D. & Jürgens , U. (eds) 1995: Current topics in primate vocal communication. Goodman , J. C. & Nusbaum , H. C. (eds) 1994: The development of speech perception: the transition from speech sounds to spoken words. Hof , H. 1996: Rechtsethologie.     

Expression of the mouse testicular histone gene H1t during spermatogenesis

 The testicular H1 histone variant, H1t, is synthesized during spermatogenesis in mammalian male germ cells. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques were used to assign the expression of either the H1t mRNA or the H1t protein to specific cell stages of spermatogenesis. Our results show the presence of the H1t mRNA only in the late and mid-pachytene stages, whereas the protein occurs first in pachytene spermatocytes, and persists until later stages from round up to elongated spermatids. Accepted: 1 March 1996     

Drugs, Violence, and Moral Panic in Urban America

Beggars and Thieves: Lives of Urban Street Criminals. Mark S. Pleisher. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. 332 pp.
Life in the Gang: Family, Friends, and Violence. Scott H. Decker and Barrik Van Winkle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 303 pp.     

Methode und Gerät zur Untersuchung des Wanderungsvermögens von Fritfliegenlarven

Schwantes, H.O.: Biologie der Pilze. Eine Einführung in die angewandte Mykologie. 478 S., 60 Abb., 29 Tab. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1996, UNI‐Taschenbücher 1871, 42,80 DM. ISBN 3–8252–1871–6

Westhoff, P.; Jeske, H.; Jürgens, G.; Kloppstock, K.; Link, G.: Molekulare Entwicklungsbiologie. Vom Gen zur Pflanze. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York; 1996; 112 Abb., 19 Tab. ISBN 3–13–102021–0

McNamara, K.J. (Herausgeber): Evolutionary Change and Heterochrony. John Wiley &; Sons; Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapur (1995), ISBN 0–471–95837–9

Sobral, B.W.S. (Herausgeber): The Impact of Plant Molecular Genetics. Birkhäuser Verlag AG Basel (1996), ISBN 3–7643–3802–4

McIntosh, R.A.; Wellings, C.R.; Park, R.F.: Wheat rusts ‐ An atlas of resistance genes. 200 S., 119 Bildseiten, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 1995, 125,00 Dfl., ISBN 0–7923–3430–2

Friedrich, G.; Rode, H. (Hsg.): Pflanzenschutz im integrierten Obstbau. Verlag Eugen Ulmer Stuttgart. 1996. 494 S., 128 Farbfotos, 94 Zeichnungen, 41 Tab., 3. völlig neubearbeitete Auflage. Preis 88,‐DM; ISBN 3–8001–5541–9

Nultsch, W.: Allgemeine Botanik. 10. neubearbeitete erweiterte Auflage. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York. 1996, 602 Seiten, 234 Abb. in 525 Einzeldarstellungen, 19 Boxen. Glossarium mit 752 Stichworten. Preis 44,‐DM; ISBN 3–13–383310–3

Berndt, J.: Umweltbiochemie. Uni‐Taschenbücher 1838. Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart Jena. 1995; 278 S., 101 Abb., 33 Tab., Preis 34.80 DM. UTB‐ISBN 3–8252–1838–4

Kalusche, D.: Ökologie in Zahlen. Eine Datensammlung in Tabellen mit über 10.000 Einzelwerten. Gustav Fischer Verlag. Stuttgart, Jena, New York. 1996. 415 S. Preis 54, ‐DM; ISBN 3–437–20521–8     

Longitudinal Study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Dissemination on Four Dairy Farms in Wisconsin

A 14-month longitudinal study was conducted on four dairy farms (C, H, R, and X) in Wisconsin to ascertain the source(s) and dissemination of Escherichia coli O157:H7. A cohort of 15 heifer calves from each farm were sampled weekly by digital rectal retrieval from birth to a minimum of 7 months of age (range, 7 to 13 months). Over the 14 months of the study, the cohort heifers and other randomly selected cattle from farms C and H tested negative. Farm R had two separate periods of E. coli O157:H7 shedding lasting 4 months (November 1995 to February 1996) and 1 month (July to August 1996), while farm X had at least one positive cohort animal for a 5-month period (May to October 1996). Heifers shed O157:H7 strains in feces for 1 to 16 weeks at levels ranging from 2.0 × 10² to 8.7 × 10⁴ CFU per g. E. coli O157:H7 was also isolated from other noncohort cattle, feed, flies, a pigeon, and water associated with the cohort heifers on farms R and/or X. When present in animal drinking water, E. coli O157:H7 disseminated through the cohort cattle and other cattle that used the water source. E. coli O157:H7 was found in water at <1 to 23 CFU/ml. Genomic subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that a single O157:H7 strain comprised a majority of the isolates from cohort and noncohort cattle, water, and other positive samples (i.e., from feed, flies, and a pigeon, etc.) on a farm. The isolates from farm R displayed two predominant XbaI restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (REDP), REDP 3 and REDP 7, during the first and second periods of shedding, respectively. Six additional REDP that were ≥89% similar to REDP 3 or REDP 7 were identified among the farm R isolates. Additionally, the REDP of an O157:H7 isolate from a heifer on farm R in 1994 was indistinguishable from REDP 3. Farm X had one O157:H7 strain that predominated (96% of positive samples had strains with REDP 9), and the REDP of an isolate from a heifer in 1994 was indistinguishable from REDP 9. These results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 is disseminated from a common source on farms and that strains can persist in a herd for a 2-year period.