小鼠腹腔内腺病毒介导的基因表达和分布

本文报道了重组腺病毒——带有报道基因1acZ的Ad/RSV-β-gal注入小鼠腹腔后,在胃、小肠、大肠、子宫、肝、脾、膀胱、体壁、膈和睾丸的腹膜面均出现被X-gal染成蓝色的细胞,腹膜面下未见染色细胞。结果表明重组腺病毒可广泛感染腹腔内的组织并使外源基因表达,但不扩散出体腔。另一带有单钝疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因(HSV-tk)的重组腺病毒Ad/RSV- tk,注入小鼠腹腔后并给以药物ACV,未发现急性毒性反应。在此基础上,讨论了TK/ACV 系统对腹腔内肿瘤作基因治疗的可行性。     

重组腺病毒介导的白细胞介素—12（IL—12）在肝癌细胞中的表达

利用腺病毒表达系统在肝癌细胞中成功地表达了有生物活性的白细胞介素－１２（ＩＬ－１２）。ＩＬ－１２的Ｐ３５和Ｐ４０ ｃＤＮＡ分别克隆到腺病毒载体ｐＡＣＣＭＶ．ｐＬｐＡ,构建ｐＡＣ／Ｐ３５和ｐＡＣ／Ｐ４０表面质粒。与腺病毒重组质粒ｐＪＭ１７共转染２９３细胞,通过基因重组产生ＩＬ－１２Ｐ３５和Ｐ４０重组腺病毒。用重组腺病毒感染肝癌细胞株ＨｅｐＧ２和ＳＭＭＣ７７２１,经ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ检测证明,     

一种经miniSOG标记的人腺病毒的制备

为了探索腺病毒感染细胞后病毒核心在胞内运输的过程,本研究构建了一株经miniSOG标记IX蛋白的人腺病毒。首先,我们通过重叠延伸PCR的方法合成了miniSOG基因,将其克隆至pcDNA3表达载体后转染293细胞,荧光显微镜下可观察到miniSOG蛋白的表达,经固定,封闭,DAB-H2O2染色,OsO4固定染色后,可见表达miniSOG蛋白的细胞呈深褐色。之后将miniSOG构建至腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle的IX基因3’端,并通过与骨架质粒pAdeasy-1在E.coli BJ5183细菌内同源重组获得了重组腺病毒质粒pAd5-IXSOG。pAd5-IXSOG质粒经PacI酶切线性化后转染293细胞,拯救出重组腺病毒HAdV-5-IXSOG。经过8轮扩增,超速离心纯化后获得2.0ml浓度为6.0×1011vp/mL的重组腺病毒,电子显微镜下可见完整病毒颗粒。本研究经反向遗传学技术对腺病毒载体进行改造,成功制备了经miniSOG标记的重组腺病毒HAdV-5-IXSOG,该病毒可用于腺病毒感染细胞的实时追踪。     

腹腔注射重组腺病毒诱导的免疫反应

为研究重组腺病毒接种实验动物后的免疫反应性,利用ＲＴ－Ｐ　Ｃ　Ｒ方法,从ＨＡＶ的ＲＮＡ中克隆了结构蛋白基因插入穿梭质粒ｐＸＣＸ２Ｎｏｔ　Ｉ,通过磷酸钙－ＤＮＡ共　沉淀技术,将复制缺陷型腺病毒载体与线形化的ｐＸＣＸ２－ＣＭＶ－ＨＡＶ共转染２９３细胞。一系列检测方法证明产生了重组腺病毒ｒＡｄＨＡＶ。纯化后的ｒＡｄＨＡＶ滴度为１×１０９ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍＬ　,腹腔注射免疫昆明种小白鼠后,可诱导产生抗ＨＡＶ　ＩｇＧ和ＨＡＶ中和抗体。复制缺陷型腺病毒　可作为发展基因工程病毒疫苗载体的有效系统。     

腺病毒载体介导PDX-1在骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达

为研究PDX-1基因在骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达情况及生物学功能的发挥,构建了含PDX-1基因的重组腺病毒载体.酶切PDX-1基因并连入穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV.用电穿孔法使穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV-PDX-1与病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1在大肠杆菌BJ5183中同源重组.利用脂质体介导重组腺病毒载体转染293细胞,包装出完整的腺病毒.分离、培养、扩增骨髓间充质干细胞.用重组腺病毒感染间充质干细胞.用荧光显微镜、RT-PCR、免疫荧光染色等方法检测PDX-1、胰岛素基因及蛋白质的表达,用放射免疫分析法检测转基因细胞分泌胰岛素情况.结果表明:通过测序、PCR、酶切等鉴定PDX-1基因已正确插入穿梭质粒中,并与病毒骨架质粒重组.重组腺病毒滴度为6.3×107PFU/ml.通过荧光显微镜观察证实重组腺病毒可高效感染骨髓间充质干细胞,经RT-PCR、免疫荧光染色证实转染pAd-PDX-1后培养7天的细胞中有PDX-1及胰岛素基因的表达.这些转基因的细胞向胞外分泌的胰岛素量为(15.21±3.50)mIU/L.     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白重组人腺病毒的构建及免疫效果的初步研究

构建表达狂犬病病毒弱毒SRV9糖蛋白(GP)的重组人5型腺病毒,检测其对小鼠的免疫效果。将狂犬病病毒SRV9株GP基因的完整开放阅读框克隆到腺病毒表达系统中的穿梭质粒多克隆位点,构建重组穿梭质粒pac-Ad5CMV-Gs9,以罗氏转染液介导线性化骨架质粒和重组穿梭质粒共转染293AD细胞,细胞病变后取培养物进行PCR鉴定并电镜观察,在293AD细胞上测定病毒滴度。以106 TCID50重组腺病毒腹腔接种昆明小鼠,免疫后不同时段采尾静脉血通过荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN)检测小鼠血清狂犬病中和抗体效价。正确构建重组穿梭质粒pacAd5CMV-Gs9;获得表达狂犬病病毒SRV9株GP蛋白的缺陷型重组人5型腺病毒;病毒滴度达到106 CFU/mL以上;腹腔接种小鼠14d后均产生了抗狂犬病中和抗体,有效保护率达90%。成功获得了表达狂犬病病毒GP基因的重组腺病毒,该腺病毒免疫小鼠可产生保护性中和抗体,为进一步开发新型兽用狂犬病疫苗奠定了物质基础。     

重组B7—2腺病毒的构建及鉴定

经聚合酶链式反应扩增出鼠源性B7－2基因,克隆在pAdCMV中,将此重组载体与质粒JM17共转染293细胞,进行同源重组,并经聚合酶链式反应筛途、鉴定重组腺病毒,结果成功地构建了两株重组B7—2腺病毒,在293细胞中大量扩增此重组病毒,并对腺病毒上清进行空斑纯化和CsCL递度离心。空斑评价法测定纯化后两株重组mB7—2腺病毒的病毒滴度分别为4．2×109PFU／ml和3．6×109PFU／ml     

NLS-RARα蛋白在重组腺病毒Ad-NE感染的NB4中定位的验证

该实验主要验证重组腺病毒Ad．NE感染NB4细胞后,NLS-RARa蛋白的表达及其定位。用重组腺病毒Ad-NE感染NB4细胞,检测感染效率,分别用RT-PCR和Westernblot法在mRNA水平和蛋白水平验证转染成功：提取转染成功的NB4细胞的核蛋白,Westernblot法检测细胞核中NLS—RARα蛋白的表达;FITC—AnnexinV／DAPI双染色免疫荧光法检测转染成功的NB4细胞NLS-RARα的表达及定位;FITC—AnnexinV／PI双染色激光共聚焦法检测转染成功的NB4细胞中PNLS-RARα的表达及定位。结果显示,重组腺病毒Ad—NE和阴性对照腺病毒Ad-KZ对NB4细胞的感染效率可达70％～80％。RT-PCR和Westernblot结果显示,感染了重组腺病毒Ad—NLS-RAR的NB4细胞成功表龇基因和NE蛋白,且有NLS．RARa的蛋白表达。用细胞免疫荧光法、激光共聚焦法检测出已感染的NB4细胞中NLS—RARer蛋白的表达,并推测其主要定位于胞核。综上所述,该文成功用重组腺病毒Ad-NE感染NB4细胞,并用Westernblot法、免疫荧光法、激光共聚焦法验证了NLS-RARα蛋白的存在并推测其定位,为进一步研究急性早幼粒细胞白血病的早期诊断及复发监测提供了新的思路。     

特异性eIF-4EsiRNA重组腺病毒构建及其对人卵巢癌细胞SKOV-3转移相关能力的影响

目的：构建表达真核细胞起始因子-4E（eukaryoticinitiationfactor4E,eIF-4E）特异性siRNA的重组腺病毒载体,观察其对人卵巢癌细胞SKOV-3体外转移能力的影响。方法：应用基因重组技术将eIF．4EsiRNA序列构建于腺病毒载体pLP－Ade－X,经包装细胞包装后得到高滴度重组腺病毒pLP—Ade-4EsiRNA（psiE）。将腺病毒psiE感染SKOV．3细胞,用定量PCR进行elf．4E基因表达检测,然后应用transwell小室法观察对细胞侵袭和运动能力的影响,同时检测感染后细胞内VEGF、MMP－2、MMP－9蛋白表达。结果：病毒检测结果与预期相符,real—timePCR可检测到感染重组腺病毒psiE后SKOV．3细胞没有eIF-4E基因表达;病毒感染后transwell小室法检测到SKOV-3细胞的侵袭和运动能力均受到显著的抑制（均为P〈0．01）;此外病毒感染的SKOV．3细胞中VEGF、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达降低。结论：封闭eIF-4E基因表达对人卵巢癌细胞SKOV．3的侵袭和运动都有抑制作用,其作用机制可能与VEGF、MMP-2、MMP-9表达相关。     

腺病毒载体介导p53基因转移抑制人胃腺癌细胞增殖

采用携带P53基因的腺病毒载体系统Ad－P53进行胃癌的体外实验性治疗,以通过腺病毒感染胃癌细胞后P53基因在癌细胞中高效表达,来抑制胃癌细胞增殖,从而为胃癌术后复发的治疗找到、条有效的途径。用Ad－p53基因综染人胃癌S3C－7901细胞后,进行X－gal染色测定腺病毒转染效率;用P53特异引物扩增转染后的7901细胞外源性P53基因;IX：IZ法用一对引物对Ad－P53转染细胞进行EI区基因检测。结果表明,七MOI大于25时腺病毒转染效率即可达100％。腺病毒EI区基因检测：Ad－P53、Ad－IncXi和PBS感染组均未见阳性扩增带。与Ad一beZ和PB…     

Efficient gene transfer by fiber-mutant adenoviral vectors containing RGD peptide

One of the hurdles to adenovirus (Ad)-mediated gene transfer is that Ad vectors mediate inefficient gene transfer into cells lacking in the primary receptors, Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). We previously developed a fiber-mutant Ad vector containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptide motif on the HI loop of the fiber knob, and showed that the mutant vector had enhanced gene transfer activity to human glioma cells, which showed little CAR expression, compared to the vector containing wild type fiber. In this study, the feasibility of the Ad vector containing RGD peptide on the fiber knob was examined in a wide variety of cell types: CAR-positive or -negative human tumor cells, mouse cells, and leukemia cells. The mutant vector infected the cells, which lacked CAR expression but showed αv integrin expression, about 10–1000 times more efficiently than the vector containing wild type fiber via an RGD-integrin (αvβ3 and αvβ5)-dependent, CAR-independent cell entry pathway. The results of this study indicate that Ad vector containing RGD peptide on the fiber knob could be of great utility for gene therapy and gene transfer experiments.     

Circumvention of Immunity to the Adenovirus Major Coat Protein Hexon

Immunity to adenoviruses is an important hurdle to be overcome for successful gene therapy. The presence of antibodies to the capsid proteins prevents efficacious adenovirus vector administration in vivo. We tested whether immunity to a particular serotype of adenovirus (Ad5) may be overcome with a vector that encodes the hexon sequences from a different adenovirus serotype (Ad12). We successfully constructed an adenovirus vector with a chimeric Ad5-Ad12 hexon which was not neutralized by plasma from C57BL/6 mice immunized with Ad5. The vector was also capable of transducing the livers of C57BL/6 mice previously immunized with Ad5.     

一种新的重组腺病毒的构建及其对人肿瘤细胞的影响

腺病毒E1A基因诱导细胞凋亡．E1B19K基因及E1B55K基因抑制细胞凋亡,前者被克隆到腺病毒转移载体pCA13的HCMVIE启动子下游．构建成转移载体pCAE1A。采用lipofectin法将PCAE1A和含腺病毒基因组（E1、E3区缺失）的质粒pBHG11共转染293细胞,7～10d后得到重组病毒v5Ad4。用v5Ad4感染人肺腺癌细胞系A549,结果表明v5Ad4有明显杀伤和裂解肿瘤细胞功能。在人胚肺正常二倍体细胞中,v5Ad4没有表现出可见的细胞毒效应。     

Replication properties of human adenovirus in vivo and in cultures of primary cells from different animal species

Oncolytic adenoviruses have emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of tumors resistant to other treatment modalities. However, preclinical safety studies are hampered by the lack of a permissive nonhuman host. Screening of a panel of primary cell cultures from seven different animal species revealed that porcine cells support productive replication of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) nearly as efficiently as human A549 cells, while release of infectious virus by cells from other animal species tested was diminished by several orders of magnitude. Restriction of productive Ad5 replication in rodent and rabbit cells seems to act primarily at a postentry step. Replication efficiency of adenoviral vectors harboring different E1 deletions or mutations in porcine cells was similar to that in A549 cells. Side-by-side comparison of the viral load kinetics in blood of swine and mice injected with Ad5 or a replication-deficient adenoviral vector failed to provide clear evidence for virus replication in mice. In contrast, evidence suggests that adenovirus replication occurs in swine, since adenoviral late gene expression produced a 13.5-fold increase in viral load in an individual swine from day 3 to day 7 and 100-fold increase in viral DNA levels in the Ad5-infected swine compared to the animal receiving a replication-deficient adenovirus. Lung histology of Ad5-infected swine revealed a severe interstitial pneumonia. Although the results in swine are based on a small number of animals and need to be confirmed, our data strongly suggest that infection of swine with human adenovirus or oncolytic adenoviral vectors is a more appropriate animal model to study adenoviral pathogenicity or pharmacodynamic and toxicity profiles of adenoviral vectors than infection of mice.     

结缔组织生长因子基因RNA干扰复制缺陷型腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建能介导结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）基因RNA干扰的复制缺陷型腺病毒表达载体。方法：以大鼠CTGF基因为靶序列,设计并合成含编码短发夹RNA序列的寡核苷酸,构建腺病毒穿梭质粒P-shuttle-CTGF,酶切及测序分析正确后,与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1共转染AD-293细胞,进行病毒包装,得到腺病毒载体Ad．H1-CTGF,用该载体感染HSC-T6细胞,观察其对CTGF基因表达抑制的效果。结果：构建的腺病毒穿梭质粒p-shuttle-CTGF经酶切、测序分析证实正确;包装的病毒载体滴度为4×1010PFU／mL,感染HSC-T6细胞后,Western印迹证实CTGF表达显著减少。结论：构建的腺病毒载体Ad．H1-CTGF可有效抑制HSC-T6中CTGF的表达,为抗纤维化研究提供了有力的工具。     

Left ventricular targeting of reporter gene expression in vivo by human BNP promoter in an adenoviral vector

To selectively introduce genes into the mouse myocardium, we used a recombinant adenovirus encoding a transgene composed of a cardiac-specific promoter [the proximal human brain natriuretic peptide (hBNP) promoter] coupled to a luciferase reporter gene (Ad.hBNPLuc). Activity in vitro and in vivo was compared with Ad.CMVLuc, which contained the cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer/promoter. We tested cell-specific and inducible regulation of Ad.hBNPLuc in vitro. Expression was higher in neonatal cardiac myocytes than in a fibroblast cell line and was induced by interleukin-1beta, phenylephrine, and isoproterenol in myocytes. For in vivo experiments, Ad.hBNPLuc, Ad.CMVLuc, or vehicle was injected into the left ventricular (LV) free wall of the mouse heart. In Ad.hBNPLuc-injected mice, luciferase activity was only detected in the heart. In contrast, Ad.CMVLuc-injected mice had detectable luciferase activity in all tissues examined. Our studies indicate that 1) the cardiac-specific hBNP promoter and direct cardiac injection limit expression of the transgene to the LV free wall; and 2) transgene expression in vitro is inducible and cardiac myocyte specific. Thus the use of the proximal hBNP promoter in recombinant adenoviral vectors may allow cardiac-specific and inducible expression of therapeutic genes in vivo and prevent some of the side effects of systemic adenovirus administration.     

Delivery of secreted placental alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) gene in vitro and in vivo as a component of recombinant avian adenovirus (CELO)

Recombinant adenoviruses capable of expressing the gene of secreted placentary alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) under control of CMV-promoter was obtained on the basis of CELO avian adenovirus and human adenovirus-5 (Ad5) genomes. The efficiency of the CELO vector was determined in experiments with transduction of human (293, A549, and H1299), mouse (B16), and avian (LMH) cell cultures. It was shown in C57BL/6 mice in vivo that SEAP gene is expressed under conditions of intravenous, intranasal, and intratumoral application of recombinant adenovirus CELO-SEAP. The duration of expression of the alkaline phosphatase CELO = SEAP gene in immunocompetent mouse body was 21 days. The level of SEAP gene expression was measured in the allantois fluid of chicken embryo infected with recombinant adenovirus CELO-SEAP.     

Development of an adenoviral vector system with adenovirus serotype 35 tropism; efficient transient gene transfer into primary malignant hematopoietic cells

BACKGROUND: A paucity of coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) hampers the adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-based vector-mediated gene transfer into malignant hematopoietic cells. Fiber-retargeted adenoviral vectors with species B tropism can potentially bypass the CAR requirement and facilitate efficient gene transfer into malignant hematopoietic cells. METHODS: For feasible generation of fiber-retargeted adenoviral vectors, we have modified the versatile AdEasy system with a chimeric fiber gene encoding the Ad5 fiber tail domain and Ad35 fiber shaft and knob domains. An Ad5-based vector encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the control of the PGK promoter with Ad35 fiber receptor specificity was generated (Ad5F35-GFP). The Ad5F35-GFP vector-mediated gene transfer efficiency was compared with a fiber non-modified Ad5-GFP vector, which also encodes the GFP gene under the control of the PGK promoter. RESULTS: We demonstrated that a variety of Ad5-refractory malignant myeloid and B lymphoid cell lines were highly permissive to the Ad5F35-GFP vector infection. Importantly, primary chronic myeloid leukemic (CML) cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells were superiorly transduced by the Ad5F35-GFP vector at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 compared with the Ad5-GFP vector. CONCLUSIONS: Our study will facilitate the generation of fiber-retargeted adenoviral vectors and enable transient genetic manipulation of primary malignant hematopoietic cells.     

表达双功能融合蛋白（sCAR-EGF）腺病毒载体的构建及其活性检测

为了提高腺病毒载体用于基因治疗的靶向性,采用PCR和体外连接的方法构建了柯萨奇病毒-腺病毒受体(Coxsackievirus-AdenovirusReceptor)胞外段sCAR和表皮生长因子(Epidermalgrowthfactor)EGF融合基因,然后将此融合基因插入穿梭质粒pDC315。利用Ad-MAX腺病毒系统,将重组质粒pDC315-sCAR-EGF与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGloxΔE13cre共同转染AD-293细胞,成功包装出一种复制缺陷型腺病毒Ad5-CMV-sCAR-EGF。经PCR鉴定该病毒含有sCAR-EGF融合基因片段,Westernblotting证实该病毒能表达sCAR-EGF融合蛋白。体外试验证实该病毒感染细胞所产生的融合蛋白能够引导携带报告基因的腺病毒Ad5-CMV-luc高水平感染肿瘤细胞,为高水平表达EGFR的肿瘤的靶向性基因治疗提供了新的手段。     

分泌睫状神经营养因子腺病毒载体的构建及小量复制病毒增强其分泌表达的研究

目的：探讨复制型腺病毒能否增强增殖缺陷型腺病毒Ad5-hCNTF所携带外源基因的表达分泌。方法：亚克隆获得分泌型睫状神经营养因子的基因（ciliary neurotrophic factor）,然后将此基因插入到穿梭质粒pshuttle。pshuttle-hCNTF经pme1酶切后,CIAP去磷酸化,利用Ad-EASY腺病毒制备系统,将其与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1共同转化大肠杆菌BJ5183,通过同源重组,筛选出含目的基因的重组型腺病毒质粒的菌株,获得大量该质粒后转染病毒包装细胞AD-293,成功包装出一种血清5型增殖缺陷型腺病毒Ad5-hCNTF。结果：经PCR鉴定该病毒含有该基因片断,Western blotting证实该病毒感染细胞后能表达CNTF蛋白。采用ELISA法检测培养液证实感染细胞能高水平地分泌CNTF。结论：体外实验表明在不同滴度的复制型腺病毒Ad5-E1＋E3＋的带动下,该病毒感染细胞后分泌表达目的蛋白的水平显著提高,为今后应用Ad作为基因治疗的载体提供实验证据。