激光诱导家蚕孤雌生殖的研究 Ⅳ.Lamp 1的遗传学研究

通过杂交和解剖试验,我们发现Ｌａｍｐ１为一常染色体（Ⅱ）和Ｗ易位片段同时缺失或突变的斑纹限性孤雌生殖突变体。与亲本回交后代分离比,１浓普♀：３正常普♀或：３淡普♀或：１素蚕♀或１＋ｐ＋ｐ／：２Ｗ＋ｐ／：１＋ｐ＋ｐ／ＺＺ：１ＰＰ／：ＺＷ＋ｐ／ＺＺ：１ＰＰ／ＺＺ。联会复合体分析仅浓普斑雌蚕表型个体中发现染色体易位片段。     

激光照射对罗氏沼虾酯酶同工酶的影响

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝电泳法,研究了激光照射罗氏沼虾眼柄后对卵巢发育及虾的眼柄神经分泌细胞,脑神经节,卵巢,肝脏,心脏和肌肉组织细胞酯酶同工酶的影响,结果发现,激光照射后对卵巢发育及虾的柄雌虾卵巢成熟加快,六种组织细胞的酯酶同工酶谱均发生不同程度的变化。     

激光诱发家蚕孤雌生殖的研究

采用 CO2激光扩束辐照诱发家蚕孤雌生殖,获得着色卵率约60%,转青卵率约31%,孵化率只占转青率的1.85%,全是雌蚕,其发育机制属非减数分裂型,没有出现畸形蚕,茧质未下降。从激光诱发的孤雌生殖的后代中,初步选出两个新类型的可作育种材料。 Abstrect:In order to induce silkworm(Bombyx mori)parthenogenesis,we irradiated eggs by Co2 laser.The results showed,60% colored eggs,31% average bluish eggs,only 1.85% hatchavility among the bluish eggs,all female from those eggs and so an ameiosis parthenogenesis;no malformed worm,thus similar constitution and quality to their parents;and finally two new strains which can be used to breed new strains and furhther studies.     

r—射线与激光处理大豆对酯酶同工酶的效应研究

用CO_2激光0.8S及~(60)Co—r射线0.25KGy和0.35KGy剂量分别辐照大豆种子后,其三叶期叶片酯酶同工酶带数增加,酶活性增强,其变化特点反映出供试品种的辐射敏感性。r射线辐照后加以CO_2激光处理,其酯酶活性较r射线单一处理的酶活性降低,表明CO_2激光对0.25KGy和0.35KGy的r射线所引起的辐射损伤具有一定的修复作用,且修复作用的大小因品种的辐射敏感性而异。     

激光辐照真菌的酯酶,淀粉酶同工酶研究

本文报导了用He—Ne激光辐照真菌米曲酶的酯酶同工酶和淀粉同工酶的分析研究结果,实验表明激光对米曲霉同工酶有一定的影响。     

应用酯酶同工酶技术分析激光处理小麦的诱变效应

用He—Ne、Ar~+和CO_23种激光分别辐照小麦浙麦3号干种子,以不处理为对照(CK),在三叶期分别提取酯酶,应用等电聚焦聚丙烯酰胺疑胶(SDS—PAGE)电泳分析其酯酶同工酶,电泳模式表明,He—Ne激光、Ar~+激光处理后出现的酶谱同对照一样,主要集中在Ⅲ区,并有4条相同酶带(Rf=0.88、0.78、0.75和0.71),而CO_2激光处理则出现了16条酶带,其中8条分布在Ⅲ区,6条分布在Ⅱ区,2条分布在Ⅰ区。电泳分析表明,不同激光的诱变效应为:CO_2>He—Ne>Ar~+>CK。     

家蚕感染蛹虫草后的生理生化变化

蛹虫草分生孢子侵染5龄家蚕Bombyx mori后,家蚕血淋巴中总糖、海藻糖、蛋白质和甘油酯含量均有不同程度的下降,其中甘油酯含量下降最为明显。海藻糖酶活性在侵染初期也明显降低。接种后家蚕体内的保护酶超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性也有较大变化,其中超氧化物歧化酶活性上升最为明显,在4日内由441.841 U/mL升至601.255 U/mL。     

安南龟冬眠前后酯酶同工酶的比较研究

应用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对安南龟冬眠前后心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、骨骼肌7种器官组织进行了酯酶同工酶的检测.结果表明,安南龟不同器官组织的酯酶同工酶酶谱有明显差异,反映了酯酶同工酶的器官组织特异性;同一器官组织在冬眠前后其酶谱也出现明显的变化,反映了安南龟冬眠前后代谢过程和代谢水平的不同.     

蜜蜂酯酶同工酶的研究

本实验用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚集电泳分析了意蜂和中蜂的酯酶同工酶。意蜂和中蜂的酶谱有明显的种间差别。意蜂的酶谱可分为四组区带:酯酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ。意蜂不同发育阶段的酶谱也有不同。酯酶Ⅳ的含量在蛹期有很大的变化。酯酶Ⅳ表现出多态现象,对多态现象的分析可推测种群的杂合程度。     

激光诱变家蚕突变及其遗传育种的研究

本文报道了激光诱导家蚕单性生殖五年（１９８９—１９９３）来的研究结果。由于家蚕雌雄核受刺激的敏感性存在着差异,激光刺激不仅能使未受精的处女蛾卵发育产生孤雌生殖;而且能够破坏交配蛾卵的雌核发育产生孤雄生殖。试验结果说明激光诱发家蚕单性生殖具有明显效果,现已选育成“单性１号”和“单性２号”两个新突变体及其优良杂交组合“单性１号×皖５”和“单性１号×中８”,由于“单性１号”是斑纹限性品种,用它作母本的杂交种可为蚕业生产带来很大的经济效益。     

Computer simulation of Zn(II) speciation and effect of Gd(III) on Zn(II) speciation in human blood plasma

The speciation and distribution of Zn(II) and the effect of Gd(III) on Zn(II) speciation in human blood plasma were studied by computer simulation. The results show that, in normal blood plasma, the most predominant species of Zn(II) are [Zn(HSA)] (58.2%), [Zn(IgG)](20.1%), [Zn(Tf)] (10.4%), ternary complexes of [Zn(Cit)(Cys)] (6.6%) and of [Zn(Cys)(His)H] (1.6%), and the binary complex of [Zn(Cys)₂H] (1.2%). When zinc is deficient, the distribution of Zn(II) species is similar to that in normal blood plasma. Then, the distribution changes with increasing zinc(II) total concentration. Overloading Zn(II) is initially mainly bound to human serum albumin (HSA). As the available amount of HSA is exceeded, phosphate metal and carbonate metal species are established. Gd(III) entering human blood plasma predominantly competes for phosphate and carbonate to form precipitate species. However, Zn(II) complexes with phosphate and carbonate are negligible in normal blood plasma, so Gd(III) only have a little effect on zinc(II) species in human blood plasma at a concentration above 1.0×10⁻⁴ M.     

Effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) content on the starvation-survival of bacteria in natural waters

Abstract The effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) content on the survival of wild-type strains and PHB negative mutants of Bacillus megaterium and Alcaligenes eutrophus in natural waters was studied. The survival strategy of B. megaterium was dominated by the development of resistant forms, but the number of the wild-type vegetative cells was higher than that of PHB mutant strain. In some environmental conditions the mutant spores needed a heat shock for germination, a fact that suggests, for the first time, that PHB plays a role in this phenomenon. Survival of A. eutrophus wild-type strain in all experiments was higher compared to the PHB mutant, and differences were significant. In raw river water, survival of both species was lower than in sterile river water.     

Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system: 3. A(X) and B(A) alleles

B(A) is a rare ABO blood subgroup. Here we reported a B(A)02/O01 case. One 25-year-old female patient showed inconsistent forward and reverse blood grouping results based on micro-column gel agglutination assay. PCR-SSP and PCR-SBT based genotyping indicated that the patient was B(A)02/O01 heterozygous.     

Studies on the limitations to photosynthesis in leaves of the atrazine-resistant mutant ofSenecio vulgaris L.

In leaves of an atrazine-resistant mutant ofSenecio vulgaris the quantum efficiency of CO₂ assimilation was reduced by 21% compared to the atrazine-susceptible wild type, and at a light level twice that required to saturate photosynthesis in the wild type the CO₂ fixation rate in the mutant was decreased by 15%. In leaves at steady-state photosynthesis there was a measurable increase in the reduction state of the photosystem II (PSII) primary quinone acceptor,Q _A. Although this would lead to a decreased rate of PSII electron transport and may thus explain the decrease in quantum efficiency, this cannot account for the fall in the maximum rate of CO₂ fixation. The atrazine-resistant mutant showed an appreciably longer photosynthetic induction time which indicates an effect on carbon metabolism; however, the response of CO₂-fixation rate to intercellular CO₂ concentration revealed no differences in carboxylation efficiency. There were also no differences in the ability to perform a State 1–State 2 transition between the atrazine-resistant and susceptible biotypes and no difference in the profiles of phosphorylated thylakoid polypeptides. It is concluded that the alteration of the redox equilibrium between PSII quinone electron acceptors in the atrazine-resistant biotype limits appreciably the photosynthetic efficiency in non-saturating light. Additionally, there is a further, as yet unidentified, limitation which decreases photosynthesis in the resistant mutant under light-saturating conditions.Abbreviations and symbols DCMU 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea - F _max maximum fluorescence emission - F _o2 minimal fluorescence emission upon exposure to saturating light flash - F _v variable fluorescence emission - F _v2 variable fluorescence emission upon exposure to saturating light flash - kDa kilodalton - PSI, II photosystems I, II - Q _A primary quinone acceptor of PSH - Q _B secondary quinone acceptor of PSII - RuBP ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate     

Differential effect of neuraminidase-treatment on the surface charge-associated properties of rat reticulocytes and erythrocytes: Studies by partitioning in two-polymer aqueous phases

Rat reticulocytes undergo charge-associated surface changes, detectable by cell partitioning in charged dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous phase systems, as they become mature erythrocytes. Young reticulocytes have a lower partition coefficient, i.e., quantity of cells in the top phase as a percentage of total cells added, than do mature erythrocytes. Sialic acid is the main charge-bearing group on red blood cells and, in the case of the rat, most of the sialic acid can be removed by treatment of the cells with neuraminidase (Vibrio cholerae). By combining isotopic ⁵⁹Fe-labeling of reticulocytes with countercurrent distribution of the entire red blood cell population in charged dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous phases we have now studied the relative effect of neuraminidase-treatment on rat reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes. It was found that neuraminidase-treatment (a) does not eliminate surface differences, detectable by partitioning, between rat reticulocytes and erythrocytes and (b) reduces the partition coefficient of mature erythrocytes to a greater extent than the partition coefficient of reticulocytes indicating a differential effect of this enzyme on the two cell populations.     

Studies on mutagen-sensitive strains of Drosophila melanogaster. V. Biochemical characterization of a strain (ebony) that is UV- and X-ray sensitive and deficient in photorepair

We investigated larval sensitivity to UV and repair of UV- and X-ray-induced lesions in the DNA of the ebony strain compared to a wild-type strain (Canton S). The ebony strain was previously characterized as being more sensitive to UV-induced killing of embryos than Canton S. Also the ebony strain is more sensitive to X-rays for induction of larval killing, dominant lethals and recessive lethals. In this paper it is demonstrated that (1) ebony larvae are more sensitive to killing by UV and less proficient in photoreactivation (PR) ability than Canton S larvae; (2) the ebony strain has a defect in PR repair of endonuclease-sensitive sites induced in the DNA of primary cell cultures by UV irradiation; (3) the ebony strain has a defect in the repair of single-strand breaks induced in the DNA by X-rays (again in primary cell cultures), at least early on in the repair incubation. A rough localization of the UV sensitivity and the PR ability is presented and the possible relevance of the biochemical to the genetic results is discussed.     

Life History Studies on the Genus Trillium (Liliaceae) I. Reproductive Biology of Four Japanese Species

Abstract Four Japanese Trillium (Liliaceae) species which are representative perennial herbs of the temperate deciduous forests— Trillium kamtschaticum (2x), T. apetalon (4x), T. tschonoskii (4x) and T. smallii (6x)—were studied for their reproductive characteristics, e.g., patterns of reproductive resource allocation and reproductive output.
In spite of the differences in ploidy levels (from 2x to 6x), all four species showed very similar reproductive traits. It became evident that in response to the increase in reproductive allocation to total reproductive organs (RA), the number of seeds produced per plant (P_N) clearly increased. This trend is well in accord with the relationship found in four North American species and also several temperate woodland perennial herbs which occur in closed, stable and predictable environments, and possess typical xenogamous breeding systems. Although there is no conspicuous trend between ploidy levels and P_N, one of the significant differences noted in this study was in seed weight, which ranged from 2.93 mg in diploids, to 3.42–3.45 mg in tetraploids, and to 4.47 mg in hexaploids.     

Studies on (K + H)-ATPase. V. Chemical composition and molecular weight of the catalytic subunit

(1) A (K⁺ + H⁺)-ATPase preparation from porcine gastric mucosa is solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and is subjected to gel filtration. (2) A main subunit fraction is obtained, which is a protein carbohydrate lipid complex, containing 88% protein, 7% carbohydrate and 5% phospholipid. The detailed composition of the protein and carbohydrate moieties are reported. (3) Sedimentation analysis of the subunit preparation, after detergent removal, reveals no heterogeneity, but the subunits readily undergo aggregation. (4) Acylation of the subunit preparation with citraconic anhydride causes a clear shift of the band obtained after SDS gel electrophoresis, but the absence of broadening and splitting of the band pleads against subunit heterogeneity. (5) Treatment of the subunit preparation with dansyl chloride indicates that the NH₂ terminus is blocked, which favors the assumption of homogeneity of the protein. (6) Binding studies with concanavalin A indicate that at least 86% of the subunit preparation is composed of glycoprotein. (7) These findings, taken together, strongly suggest that there is a single subunit which is a glycoprotein and which represents the catalytic subunit of the enzyme. From sedimentation equilibrium analysis a molecular mass value of 119 kDa (S.E. 3, n = 6) is calculated for protein + carbohydrate and of 110 kDa (S.E. 3, n = 6) for protein only. (8) In combination with the molecular mass of 444 kDa (S.E. 10, n = 4) obtained for the intact enzyme by radiation inactivation we conclude that the enzyme appears to be composed of a homo-tetramer of catalytic subunits.     

Studies on the continuous production of (R)-(−)-phenylacetylcarbinol in an enzyme-membrane reactor

The optimization of a continuous enzymatic reaction yielding (R)-(−)-phenylacetylcarbinol ((R)-PAC), a key intermediate of the (1R,2S)-(−)-ephedrine synthesis, is presented. We compare the suitability of different mutants of the pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) from Zymomonas mobilis with respect to their application in biotransformation using pyruvate or acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde as substrates, respectively. Starting from 90 mM pyruvate and 30 mM benzaldehyde, (R)-PAC was obtained with a space time yield of 27.4 g/(L·day) using purified PDCW392I in an enzyme-membrane reactor. Due to the high stability of the mutant enzymes PDCW392I and PDCW392M towards acetaldehyde, a continuous procedure using acetaldehyde instead of pyruvate was developed. The kinetic results of the enzymatic synthesis starting from acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde demonstrate that the carboligation to (R)-PAC is most efficiently performed using a continuous reaction system and feeding both aldehydes in equimolar concentration. Starting from an inlet concentration of 50 mM of both aldehydes, (R)-PAC was obtained with a space-time yield of 81 g/(L·day) using the mutant enzyme PDCW392M. The new reaction strategy allows the enzymatic synthesis of (R)-PAC from cheap substrates free of unwanted by-products with potent mutants of PDC from Z. mobilis in an aqueous reaction system.