济南市蚊类调查报告

1.本文报告了济南市蚊虫种类,孳生地,栖息场所,幼虫发现季节,尖音库蚊淡色变种成虫、幼虫及白纹伊蚊幼虫的密度调查结果。 2.过去在济南曾有人作过蚊类的初步观察,而此次调查较为普遍。共采获蚊类标本3属11种。其中吉浦伊蚊、拟态库蚊、二带喙库蚊、褐尾库蚊4种为济南市新发现之蚊种。其中褐尾库蚊在山东省为首次发现。 3.3属蚊虫中以尖音库蚊淡色变种为最普遍,其与居民之关系亦最为密切;次之为白纹伊蚊与中华按蚊。 4.尖音库蚊淡色变种之幼虫从5月上旬开始出现,到8月中旬达最高峯,9、10月份渐少,到11月下旬绝迹。白纹伊蚊之幼虫,8月上旬密度最高,9月中旬绝迹。各种蚊幼 之密度随雨量之增减而消长。     

上海常见蚊种对犬丝虫(Dirofilaria immitis Leidy，1856)Railliet and Henry，1911)的感染试验

以上海常见蚊种：淡色庙蚊、三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、白纹伊蚊、骚扰阿蚊和棕垲麻蚁等6咱,在相似条件下进行对犬丝虲的人工感染试验。结果证明犬丝虫能在白纹伊蚊、中华按蚊、淡色库蚊及三带喙庸蚊完垒傲育;骚援阿蚊吸血後,所有进入马氏管中的微丝蚴全成角質化,不能发育;棕尾麾蚊不能吸血,无法观察。各试验种中以感染率论,淡色庙蚊最高,中摹按蚊和白纹伊蚊次之,三带喙庵蚊最低。以发育率论,中华按蚊最高,白纹伊蚊次之,淡色库蚊和三带喙庳蚊最低。以蚊虫存活率论,淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊最高,三带喙应蚊次之,中莘按蚊最低。根攘Kartman氏(1954)所建议的实验戚染指敷比较各蚊种的感受力,试验蚊植中以白纹伊蚊最高,淡色库蚊和中华按蚊次之,三带喙库蚊最低。各蚊种的吸犬血率,在实验室条件下,以白纹伊蚊为最高,中华按蚊次之,三带喙库蚊及骚扰阿蚊及淡色库蚊次之。上述试验结果指出四种蚊虫中,以白牧伊蚊为最適宜的试验媒介,也可能是自然媒介;中华按蚊灾之,其他二种库蚊更次之,似不重要。     

苏芸金杆菌以色列变种ONR-60A(WHO/CCBC 1897)菌株的研究进展

<正> 苏芸金杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner在国内外早已作为一种微生物杀虫剂广泛应用于多种鳞翅目害虫的防治。虽然有一些试验报道是应用于蚊虫的,但毒性低,效果不理想。自Goldberg(1977)从以色列Negev的蚊虫孳生的池塘泥土中分离出对按蚊、伊蚊和库蚊幼虫毒性高的,经De Barjac(1978)鉴定为Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14(Bacillus thuringie-nsis var.israelensis,简称B.t.i.)以来,人们对该菌的研究增多,发展很快,现综述如下。     

北京市流行性乙型脑炎传播媒介的调查研究——Ⅰ. 蚊虫初步调查报告

1.于1953、1954年在北京市发现5属19种蚊子,在居民区内常见的蚊种有淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊、骚扰伊蚊、仁川伊蚊、背点伊蚊、中华按蚊、帕氏按蚊。 2.淡色库蚊栖止在室内暗处,三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、帕氏按蚊、骚扰伊蚊、背点伊蚊常栖止在畜舍内,仁川伊蚊多发现在室外阴凉处。 3.淡色库蚊成虫越冬场所为花洞子、废城墙洞、白薯窖、废砖窖、地下室、花窖等。 4.淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊的消长曲线一年中出现两个峯,第一个峯出现在8月上旬以前;仁川伊蚊于8月上中旬出现一个峯。另外,在一年内以淡色库蚊活动的期限为最长,约7个月左右,三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊次之。 5.蚊子与当地脑炎流行的关系已予讨论,并推论淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊可能为本市脑炎的主要传播媒介。     

中华按蚊的幼虫绿色和幼虫褐色品系

蚊虫的幼虫体色突变品系已在淡色按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、斯氏按蚊(An.stephensi)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)和三带喙库蚊(Culex tritaeniorhychus)等许多蚊种中被分离出来。这些遗传变异品系的发现对研究蚊虫的变异性和遗传性及蚊虫和蚊媒疾病的防治有着重要的价值。在中华按蚊(Anopheles sinensis)种内至今未见关于体色遗传变异类型的报道。作者于1987—1988年在上海中华按蚊种群中,成功地分离出幼虫绿色和幼虫褐色两个品系,现报道如下。     

球形芽孢杆菌TS-1丙酮粉对七种蚊虫的毒力测定

用乳糖-丙酮沉淀法制备的球形芽孢杆菌Bacillus sphaericus,TS-1菌粉对七种蚊虫幼虫进行了毒力测定,以淡色库蚊,致倦库蚊最为敏感,其LC₅₀分别为8.1μg/L(1.79×10²cfu/ml),8.9μg/L(1.96×10²cfu/ml),三带喙库蚊敏感性较淡色库蚊差13倍,2龄白纹伊蚊和中华按蚊分别差20和600倍;黄斑伊蚊,二株埃及伊蚊剂量高达10⁵—10⁶cfu/ml相差1,000—10,000倍以上几乎无效.本文结合B.t.I.标准生物测定方法,对毒力测定中检查时间、数据、虫龄、虫数、饲料等问题进行了讨论.     

重庆常见蚊科越冬初步观察

重庆蚊子种类很多,其中与人关系最密切的有中华按蚊、致倦库蚊、白纹伊蚊、骚扰阿蚊等四种,它们如何越冬,在消灭蚊子与疾病防治上,是一个值得研究的问题。 在我国,关于蚊虫越冬调查以及越冬蚊虫生理的研究,报告得不多,冯兰洲在1937年曾就北京主要蚊种进行研究,观察到以卵越冬者有:仁川伊蚊Aedes(S)chemulpoensis、汉城伊蚊Aedes(F.)seoulensis、朝鲜伊蚊Aedes(F.)koreicus、多斑伊蚊Aedes(O.)maculatus等四种。以幼虫越冬有:帕氏按蚊 Anopheles(M.)pattoni、林氏按蚊Anopheles     

中华按蚊与淡色库蚊血淋巴游离氨基酸分析

探索血淋巴的生化成分尤其是游离氨基酸的组分与含量对于进一步研究蚊虫的营养代谢、生理生化过程及其与所传病原体之间的相互关系,探讨蚊虫对杀虫剂的抗性和敏感性具有重要意义。同时也为中华按蚊及淡色库蚊的研究提供基础资料。迄今为止,国内外这一领域的研究较少,且多限于按蚊(Mack等,1979;黄复生等,1999;魏呜和王菊生,1991),库蚊(Uchida 等,1990)及伊蚊(李凤舞等,1990)的研究更少。本文同时测定了我国重要蚊种中华按蚊(Anopheles sinensis)与淡色库蚊(Culex pipiens pallens)新羽化雌蚊血淋巴游离氨基酸(free amino acids,FAAs)的组分与含量,并进行了比较与分析。     

1954年长沙市蚊虫初步调查报告

一.1954年3—10月,在长沙市初步调查蚊虫,共採得蚊种9属26种。其中有按蚊属1种、拟三翅蚊属1种、Uraunotaenia属2种、Orthopodomyia属1种、番蚊属1-种、曼蚊属1种、阿蚊属土种、蚊属3种及库蚊属15种(其中2种未定名)。所採得的9属26种蚊虫中,有树竹拟三翅蚊、Uranotaenia bimaculata、Orthopodo-myia anopheloides及罗宗番蚊4种,在湖南尚系首次报告。 二.长沙市蚊种的分佈,郊區有25种、中心區有13种。较为常见者有致乏库蚊、三 带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、白纹伊蚊貪食库蚊及骚扰阿蚊六种。 三.”长沙市各种成蚊的停歇处,主要是山陵、住宅、郊野及猪、牛栏。 四.在长沙市所发现的蚊虫中,只发现17种幼虫。各蚊种幼虫孳生地的范围是有差别的。致乏库蚊及贫食库蚊范围最广;Uranotaenia bimaculata、othopodomyiaanopheloides、黑足伊蚊的幼虫,只在树洞渍水中发现。 五.各蚊种幼虫间共生情况,已在文中讨论。 六.在调查的过程中,发现黑足伊蚊在傍晚时吸吮人血。 七.将湖南省已肢知蚊虫编为俭索表,以便有关工作人员之参考。     

武昌罗索线虫生物学特性的初步研究

为了更好地利用索线虫防治蚊虫,1986年以来我们对武昌罗索线虫(Romanomermiswuchangensis)的生物学特性进行了初步研究,现报告如下:材料和方法一、线虫来自武汉地区致倦库蚊(Culexpipiensquinquefascisatus)和三带喙库蚊(C.tritaeniorhynchus)幼虫体内脱出。供感染实验用的库蚊和伊蚊幼虫系室内人工饲养所得,中华按蚊(Anophelessinensis)幼虫由湖北省寄生虫病研究所提供。二、寄生率、感染强度、雌雄性比的观察:定期将野外采回的蚊幼虫随机取样,分别饲养于盛有去氯自来水的指管中,每管1只,以酵母粉作为蚊幼虫的饵料。三,人工感染:将室内饲…     

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITO LARVAE WITH MESOCYCLOPS LEUKARTI1)

Abstract  The control efficacy of a predatory copepod, Mesocyclops leukarti , collected in Jining, and its compatibility with Bacillus sphaericus (B.s. ) and B. thuringiensis var. csraefensis H-14 ( B. t. i. ) against mosquito larvae were evaluated in the laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, M. leukarti showed higher predatory activity toward first instar larvae of Aedes albopictus than toward that of Anopheles sinensis and Culex pipiens pallens. Cage simulation test showed that larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens, An. sinensis and Ae. albopictus could be eliminated within 9, 10 and 7 weeks after interaction with the copepods respectively. M. leukarti population can grow quickly, and its mass production is easy and economic. However, pilot field trials indicated that M. leukarti alone could not eradicate mosquito larvae of the three species rapidly and completely as by chemical insecticides, although they could persist in mosquito breeding habitats longer than the mosquito season. When Mesocyclops was used in combination with B. s. and B. t. i. , higher and sustainable control effects were achieved. So this combination, which achieved the rapid larvicidal and sustainable control effect, was presumed to be practical and could be integrated into mosquito control program.     

High larvicidal activity of intact recombinant cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 expressing Gene 51 and Gene 42 of Bacillus sphaericus sp. 2297

Abstract Gene 51 and Gene 42 of Bacillus sphaericus 2297 were expressed in the nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. 7120 on a shuttle vector. Intact recombinant cells showed high toxicity against larvae of Culex pipiens in laboratory and field tests, and lower toxicity against larvae of Anopheles sinensis . Although unselective culture could decrease the mosquitocidal activity, the genetically engineered Anabaena open up new possibilities for the use of cyanobacteria for mosquito control.     

Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on oviposition of Aedes albopictus (Skuse).

The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (B.t.i.) on the oviposition behavior of Aedes albopictus was evaluated in the field and laboratory in Clemson, SC, U.S.A. In the field, water taken from containers in which mosquito larvae were reared (conditioned water) was placed in 16 containers. Eight containers received 50 jld of B.t.i., and eight with water only were kept as controls. In the laboratory, field-collected females of Ae. albopictus were placed in rearing chambers and provided two containers for oviposition, one with 50 microl of B.t.i and one a control with water only. Eight cage experiments were conducted, five using filtered tap water and three with conditioned water. In the field over the 13 trials, more eggs were laid in the containers with B.t.i. although no significant difference was found in the number of eggs between the treatment and controls over 72 h. In the laboratory, more eggs were laid in the containers with B.t.i. versus the controls. The containers had filtered tap water and B.t.i. had significantly more eggs laid in them compared to the controls.     

食物种类对淡色库蚊幼虫生长发育和药剂敏感性的影响

淡色库蚊Culexpipienspallens是我国的一种常见家蚊 ,它传播流行性乙型脑炎 ,影响人类健康。研究淡色库蚊生长发育和药剂敏感性与食物的关系 ,对改善蚊虫饲养方法与监测蚊虫药剂敏感性具有重要意义。作者研究了不同食物饲养对淡色库蚊幼虫生长发育和药剂敏感性的影响。结果表明 ,与用面粉 +酵母粉饲养的相比 ,用鼠饲料饲养的幼虫 ,生长发育速度平均要快 2d ,对氰戊菊酯的敏感性则无明显差异。说明可用鼠饲料来代替面粉 +酵母粉饲养淡色库蚊幼虫     

Resistance development in mosquito larvae Culex pipiens to the bacterial agent Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis

Abstract:  Mosquito larvae of Culex pipiens were subjected repeatedly to selection pressure with the bacterial agent Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis ( B.t.i .) in the laboratory. Only 2.78-fold increase in tolerance to B.t.i . was induced in C. pipiens as a result of 20 generations of selection. The tolerance of C. pipiens to B.t.i . decreased by about 58% after stopping the selection for three generations. Larval selection with B.t.i. caused a reduction in the reproductive potential of mosquito adult survivors but did not affect the adult longevity and the time of blood meal digestion ingested by female mosquitoes.     

中国边境地区蚊虫群落的研究

对我国边境地区的１５个省区的蚊虫群落的优势种组成及分布,集中性指数,多样性指数和均匀度指数进行了分析,结果表明,蚊虫优势种共有１２种,包括背点伊蚊,刺扰伊蚊,哈萨克斯坦伊蚊,白蚊伊蚊,圆斑伊蚊,凶小库蚊,三带喙库蚊,致倦库蚊,淡色库蚊,薛氏库蚊,中华按蚊,骚扰阿蚊,优势种的分布在各地存在差异,蚊虫多样性指数的变化顺序为：云南〉浙江〉广西〉辽宁〉福建〉江苏〉广东〉天津〉山东〉西藏〉内蒙古〉新疆〉吉林     

竹叶花椒果实精油对两种蚊虫的毒杀活性研究

采用浸液法测试了竹叶花椒果实的水蒸汽蒸馏精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊幼虫的毒杀效果,并用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法研究了精油对这两种成蚊的熏杀活性;此外,采用GC-MS分析了该精油的化学成分。研究结果:(1)精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ龄期幼虫及蛹的LC50值分别为25.634/61.472、31.763/76.431、52.356/110.172、258.497/121.884和198.263/162.048mg.L-1;(2)精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的LC50值分别为24.957和29.517μg.cm-3;(3)在147.52μg.cm-3熏杀剂量下,精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的KT50值分别为3.493和2.993min,24h致死率均为100%;(4)共鉴定出18种化合物,其中萜烯类10种,占精油总量的67.122%,为竹叶花椒果实精油的主要成分。竹叶花椒果实精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊均有明显的致死作用,且作用速度快,具有开发为植物源杀蚊剂的潜力。     

冬青油与肉桂油对淡色库蚊的生物活性

为进一步明确冬青油（wintergreen oil）与肉桂油（cinnamon oil）对蚊虫的生物活性, 本研究采用浸液法、 “Y”型嗅觉仪法和密闭三角瓶熏蒸法, 分别测定了两种精油对淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens幼虫的毒杀作用以及对成虫的驱避和熏杀活性。结果显示： 肉桂油和冬青油对淡色库蚊幼虫均具有较强的毒杀作用, 处理24 h的LC₅₀分别为71.87 mg/L和 102.83 mg/L。在0.5 μL的供试剂量下, 冬青油与肉桂油在20 min内对淡色库蚊的驱避率均在80%以上, 显示了较好的驱蚊活性。冬青油对淡色库蚊具有明显的熏蒸击倒作用, 12 μL/L浓度下的KT₅₀为3.97 min; 而肉桂油则具有较好的熏蒸致死活性, 熏蒸5 h的LC₅₀ 为0.31 μL/L。冬青油与肉桂油按1∶1体积比混配后对淡色库蚊表现出较好的击倒和致死效果。冬青油和肉桂油既对淡色库蚊幼虫具有较强的毒杀作用, 又对淡色库蚊雌成虫表现出较好的驱避和熏杀活性, 具有开发成为植物源蚊虫防控剂的潜力。     

Laboratory evaluation of Mesocyclops annulatus (Wierzejski, 1892) (Copepoda: Cyclopidea) as a predator of container-breeding mosquitoes in Argentina

In laboratory bioassays we tested the predatory capacity of the copepod Mesocyclops annulatus on Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens larvae. A single adult female of M. annulatus caused 51.6% and 52.3% mortality of 50 first instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. pipiens respectively, in a 72 h test period. When alternative food was added to the containers, mortality rates declined to 16% and 10.3% for Ae. aegypti and Cx. pipiens respectively. When 50 first instar larvae of each of the two mosquito species tested were placed together with a single adult female of M. annulatus, mortality rates were 75.5% for Ae. aegypti larvae and 23.5% for Cx. pipiens larvae in a three day test period. Different density of adult females of M. annulatus ranged from 5 to 25 females produced mortality rates of Ae. aegypti first instar larvae from 50% to 100% respectively. When a single adult female of M. annulatus was exposed to an increasing number of first-instar Ae. aegypti larvae ranging from 10 to 100, 100% mortality was recorded from 1 to 25 larvae, then mortality declined to 30% with 100 larvae. The average larvae killed per 24 h period by a single copepod were 29.     

几种蚊虫线粒体DNA-16SrRNA序列及其相互关系的研究

测定我国尖音库蚊复合组4亚种（尖音库蚊、淡色库蚊、致倦库蚊和骚扰库蚊）、三带喙库蚊、白纹伊蚊和中华按蚊的线粒体DNA 16S rRNA基因（mtDNA-16S rRNA)序列,发现我国尖音库蚊复合组4亚种mtDNA-16S rRNA序列基本一致,长度为555bp(554bp),GC含量为25．41％。该序列与其他3种蚊虫在种间存在差异,与三带喙库蚊的种间差异为0．54％;与白纹伊蚊的种间差异为5．77％;与中华按蚊的种间差异为9．62％。分子系统关系分析表明该序列与传统分类系统的同属或同亚科种类近似性相一致。