Eight newArizona serotypes isolated from reptiles

Summary Eight hitherto unrecognizedArizona serotypes (5∶13, 15; 5∶27∶28; 13∶1, 6, 7; 19∶29∶25; 22∶1, 2, 5; 22∶23∶31; 26∶24∶25; and 30∶22∶21) are described. All of the cultures were isolated from reptiles. Action of the organisms on lactose as well as departures from the normal pattern of biochemical behavior of theArizona group are noted.     

Starfish saponins—IV. Sapogenins from the starfish Astropecten aurantiacus and Marthasterias glacialis

• 1.1. The major aglycones produced by acid hydrolysis of the saponins from the starfish Astropecten aurantiacus are identified as 3β,6α-dihydroxy-5α-pregn-9(11)-en-20-one (1), (17 E)- and (17 Z)-3β,6α-dihydroxy-5α-cholesta-9(11),17(20)-dien-23-one (9 and 10), (17 E)- and (17 Z)-3β,6α-dihydroxy-5α-cholesta-9(11), 17(20),24-trien-23-one (11 and 12), (20 E)-3β,6α-dihydroxy-5α-cholesta-9(11),20(22)-dien-23-one (4), and 17β-methyl-3β,6α-dihydroxy-18-nor-5α-cholesta-9(11),13-dien-23-one (13).
• 2.2. A re-examination of the sapogenins from the starfish Marthasterias galcialis, in addition to the previously isolated 1, 3β,6α-dihydroxy-5α-cholesta-9(11)-en-23-one (2, dihydromarthasterone), 3β,6αdihydroxy-5α-cholesta-9(11),24-dien-23-one (3, marthasterone) and 3β,6α-dihydroxy-5α-chol-9(11)-en-23-one (14), has shown the presence of minor amounts of 9, 10, 4 and 13.
• 3.3. A [¹³C]NMR study of the major sapogenins, 9 and 10, from A. aurantiacus, and 1, 2 and 14 from M. glacialis is also reported.

     

水朝阳旋覆花化学成分的研究

从水朝阳旋覆花(Inula helianthus-aquatica)地上部分分离得到24个化合物,经波谱数据分析分别鉴定为aromaticin(1),8-epi-helenalin(2),bigelovin(3),2,3-dihydroaromaticin(4),carpesiolin(5),ergolide(6),inuchinenolide C(7),6α-acetoxy-isoinuviscolide(8),8-epi-inuviscolide(9),inuchinenolide B(10),tomentosin(11),11α,13-dihydrotomentosin(12),inuchinenolide A(13),4H-tomentosin(14),11β,13-dihydro-4H-tomentosin(15),11-epi-sundiversifolide(16),sundiversifolide(17),8,9,10-三羟基百里香酚(18),10-羟基-8,9-双氧亚异丙基百里香酚(19),8,10-二羟基-9-异丁酰百里香酚(20),8-羟基-9,10-二异丁酰百里香酚(21),8-羟基-9-异丁酰-10-(2-甲基丁酰)百里香酚(22),8,9-环氧-9,10-二异丁酰百里香酚(23)和8,9-环氧-3-异丁酰-10-(2-甲基丁酰)百里香酚(24)。除了化合物1～6外,其他化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Effects of zinc deficiency on the fatty acid composition and metabolism in rats fed a fat-free diet

The effects of dietary zinc deficiency (ZD) on the composition and metabolism of the fatty acyl chains of phospholipids in rat liver were investigated with a fat-free diet. The levels of (n−9) fatty acids such as 18∶1 and 20∶3(n−9) in liver phospholipids (PL) were significantly lower in ZD-rats (19.4% and 5.4%, respectively) than in PF-rats (25.2 and 8.3%). On the other hand, the level of (n−6) acids such as 18∶2 and 20∶4 were higher in ZD-rats (3.3 and 19.1%, respectively) than in PF-rats (2.1 and 14.9%). In order to study the metabolism of fatty acids in vivo,¹⁴C-18∶0 or¹⁴C-18∶2 was intravenously injected, and then the conversion to the respective metabolite was examined. After the injection of¹⁴C-18∶0, the radioactivity was found in 18∶0 (49.3% of the total), 18∶1 (33.2%), and 20∶3 (n−9) (9.1%) in liver PL in PF-rats at 24h. In ZD-rats, the radioactivity was dramatically lower in 18∶1 (23.5%) and 20∶ (n−9) (3.6%), suggesting that the conversion of 18∶0 to 18∶1 and 20∶3 (n−9) was strongly inhibited in ZD-rats. When¹⁴C-18∶2 was injected, the radioactivity was mainly found in 18∶2, 20∶3(n−6), and 20∶4. The radioactivity in 20∶4 in ZD-rats was slightly higher than that in control rats. These results indicate that zinc deficiency affects the fatty acid metabolism in liver, in particular, it causes a reduction in δ9 desaturase activity, when rats are fed a fat-free diet.     

Genomic imbalances in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identified by molecular cytogenetic techniques

This review summarizes the chromosomal changes detected by molecular cytogenetic approaches in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the ninth most common malignancy in the world. Whole genome analyses of ESCC cell lines and tumors indicated that the most frequent genomic gains occurred at 1, 2q, 3q, 5p, 6p, 7, 8q, 9q, 11q, 12p, 14q, 15q, 16, 17, 18p, 19q, 20q, 22q and X, with focal amplifications at 1q32, 2p16-22, 3q25-28, 5p13-15.3, 7p12-22, 7q21-22, 8q23-24.2, 9q34, 10q21, 11p11.2, 11q13, 13q32, 14q13-14, 14q21, 14q31-32, 15q22-26, 17p11.2, 18p11.2-11.3 and 20p11.2. Recurrent losses involved 3p, 4, 5q, 6q, 7q, 8p, 9, 10p, 12p, 13, 14p, 15p, 18, 19p, 20, 22, Xp and Y. Gains at 5p and 7q, and deletions at 4p, 9p, and 11q were significant prognostic factors for patients with ESCC. Gains at 6p and 20p, and losses at 10p and 10q were the most significant imbalances, both in primary carcinoma and in metastases, which suggested that these regions may harbor oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Gains at 12p and losses at 3p may be associated with poor relapse-free survival. The clinical applicability of these changes as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC, or as molecular targets for personalized therapy should be evaluated.     

Ten newArizona serotypes isolated from animals and animal food products

Summary Ten hitherto unrecognizedArizona serotype (1, 2:13, 14; 5:1, 7, 8; 9:17, 20; 9:29:31; 10:1, 7, 8; 17:1, 2, 5, 6; 20:13, 14; 20:23, 30; 26:26:25, and 30:23:25) are described. The organisms were isolated from fowls, a kangaroo rat, a lizard, various species of snakes, and Indian crushed bone.     

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of follicular lymphoma (FL) provides detailed characterization of chromosomal instability associated with the t(14;18)(q32;q21) positive and negative subsets and histologic progression

We analyzed a cohort of 61 follicular lymphomas (FL) with an abnormal G-banded karyotype by spectral karyotyping (SKY) to better define the chromosome instability associated with the t(14;18)(q32;q21) positive and negative subsets of FL and histologic grade. In more than 70% of the patients, SKY provided additional cytogenetic information and up to 40% of the structural abnormalities were revised. The six most frequent breakpoints in both SKY and G-banding analyses were 14q32, 18q21, 3q27, 1q11-q21, 6q11-q15 and 1p36 (15-77%). SKY detected nine additional sites (1p11-p13, 2p11-p13, 6q21, 8q24, 6q21, 9p13, 10q22-q24, 12q11-q13 and 17q11-q21) at an incidence of >10%. In addition to the known recurring translocations, t(14;18)(q32;q21) [70%], t(3;14)(q27;q32) [10%], t(1;14)(q21;q32) [5%] and t(8;14)(q24;q32) [2%] and their variants, 125 non-IG gene translocations were identified of which four were recurrent within this series. In contrast to G-banding analysis, SKY revealed a greater degree of karyotypic instability in the t(14;18) (q32;q21) negative subset compared to the t(14;18)(q32;q21) positive subset. Translocations of 3q27 and gains of chromosome 1 were significantly more frequent in the former subset. SKY also allowed a better definition of chromosomal imbalances, thus 37% of the deletions detected by G-banding were shown to be unbalanced translocations leading to gain of genetic material. The majority of recurring (>10%) imbalances were detected at a greater (2-3 fold) incidence by SKY and several regions were narrowed down, notably at gain 2p13-p21, 2q11-q21, 2q31-q37, 12q12-q15, 17q21-q25 and 18q21. Chromosomal abnormalities among the different histologic grades were consistent with an evolution from low to high grade disease and breaks at 6q11-q15 and 8q24 and gain of 7/7q and 8/8q associated significantly with histologic progression. This study also indicates that in addition to gains and losses, non-IG gene translocations involving 1p11-p13, 1p36, 1q11-q21, 8q24, 9p13, and 17q11-q21 play an important role in the histologic progression of FL with t(14;18)(q32;q21) and t(3q27).     

Lead-induced tissue fatty acid alterations and lipid peroxidation

Previous work showed that dietary lead (Pb) increases the relative concentration of arachidonic acid (20∶4) as a percentage of total fatty acids, and decreases the relative proportion of linoleic acid (18∶2) to arachidonic acid (18∶2/20∶4) in chick liver, serum, and erythrocyte membranes. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the time-course and magnitude of the fatty acid alterations with increasing dietary Pb levels. We also examined the effects of Pb on the fatty acid composition and lipid peroxide content of hepatic subcellular organelles. In Exp. 1, chicks were fed diets containing 0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, or 1000 ppm added Pb (as Pb acetate trihydrate) from 1 to 21 d of age. After 21 d, no growth effects were observed; however, Pb lowered the 18∶2/20∶4 ratio and increased 20∶4 concentration in total liver and serum lipids, and in total hepatic phospholipids in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic mitochondrial membrane fatty acids were not altered, nor was there any increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation. In Exp. 2, chicks were fed diets containing 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 ppm added Pb from 1 to 21 or 22 d of age. Pb depressed growth in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Pb lowered the 18∶2/20∶4 ratio and increased 20∶4 concentration in total liver lipids and in hepatic mitochondrial and microsomal membranes in a dose-dependent manner. Total hepatic lipid peroxidation was increased over control values by 1000 ppm Pb, and hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation was increased by dietary Pb levels of 1000 and 2000 ppm. In Exp. 3, body weight, hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation, and fatty acid composition were determined in 4-, 9-, 14-, 18-, and 23-d-old chicks fed 0 or 1500 ppm added Pb. Body weights of Pb-treated chicks were significantly lower than those of control chicks by day 18. Microsomal 20∶4 concentration and peroxidation increased, and the 18∶2/20∶4 ratio decreased with age in both groups, but the changes were of greater magnitude in the Pb-treated chicks. The results suggest that some of the manifestations of Pb toxicity may be a reflection of increased concentration of 20∶4 in specific membranes. Further, since the Pb-induced alterations in fatty acid composition were noted in the absence of any growth depression, we propose that fatty acid composition is more sensitive than growth rate to the presence of lead in the diet.     

A new species, Polydactylus siamensis, from Thailand and redescription of P. plebeius (Broussonet, 1782) with designation of a neotype (Perciformes: Polynemidae)

A new species, Polydactylus siamensis, is described on the basis of eight specimens from Thailand. The species is similar to P. plebeius (Broussonet, 1782) in having five pectoral filaments and several dark stripes along the scale rows above and below the lateral line, but differs from the latter in having lower counts of pectoral fin rays (15 vs. 16–18 in P. plebeius), pored lateral line scales (54–58 vs. 60–68), scale rows above and below the lateral line (7 and 10 or 11, respectively vs. 8 or 9 and 12 or 13, respectively) and gill rakers (9 or 10 upper series, 13 or 14 lower and 22–24 total vs. 9–14, 13–18 and 24–32, respectively), and a longer upper jaw (mean 17% [range 16–17%] of standard length vs. 15% [13–16%]). Polydactylus siamensis is currently known only from Bangkok and Songkhla, Gulf of Thailand, and Phuket Island, Andaman Sea, whereas P. plebeius is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific. Received: January 12, 2000 / Revised: September 15, 2000 / Accepted: January 12, 2001     

16种罕见的人类染色体异常核型报告

通过对患有闭经、自发流产、死胎、死产等患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体检查,发现16种新的罕见人类染色体异常核型,它们是46,XY,t(6;11)(q25;p15);46,XY,inv(3)(p25;q29);46,XY,t(7;18)(q10;p10);46,X,t(X;13)(q24;q14);46,XY,t(4;7)(q33;q22);46,XY,t(8;15)(q24;q15);46,XY,t(2;17)(q33;q25);46,XX,t(4;7)(q34;q11);46,XX,t(1;3)(p36;p23);46,XX,t(4;6)(q35;p11);46,X,inv(X)(q22;q28);46,XX,t(7;10)(p11;q26);46,XX,t(3;6)(p21;q23);46,XX,t(8;16)(p21;p13);46,XX,t(8;9)(q21;q34);46,XY,t(17;22)(q21;q11)。描述了患者的临床表现,并对生殖异常患者染色体畸变与其表型效应关系进行探讨。Abstract：By examining the lymphocytic chromosomes of peripheral blood from patients with amenorrhea,spontaneous abortion and stillbirth history, .the 16 rare species of human chromosomal abnormal karyotypes were discovered. They wre 46,XY,t(6;11)(q25;p15);46,XY,inv(3)(p25;q29);46,XY,t(7;18)(q10;p10);46,X,t(X;13)(q24;q14);46,XY,t(4;7)(q33;q22);46,XY,t(8;15)(q24;q15);46,XY,t(2;17)(q33;q25);46,XX,t(4;7)(q34;q11);46,XX,t(1;3)(p36;p23);46,XX,t(4;6)(q35;p11);46,X,inv(X)(q22;q28);46,XX,t(7;10)(p11;q26);46,XX,t(3;6)(p21;q23);46,XX,t(8;16)(p21;p13);46,XX,t(8;9)(q21;q34);46,XY,t(17;22)(q21;q11). Their clinical situation were described. Discussion on the relationship between the chromosomal aberrations and phenotype effect indicates the importance of chromosome karyotyping in patients with abnormal reproductive history.     

Isolation and preliminary characterisation of twenty-five temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus

Abstract To study the pathogenicity of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and to identify virulence determinants, we have isolated and phenotypically characterised 25 temperature-sensitive ( ts ) mutants. Six of these ( tsm 9, tsm 13, tsm 20, tsm 22, tsm 28 and tsm 30) failed to replicate in mice and were avirulent. Five mutants ( tsm 14, tsm 18, tsm 19, tsm 25 and tsm27 ) were to similar virulence to the parenthal wild-type ( wt ) virus, five ( tsm 7, tsm 15, tsm 24, tsm31 ) were 12–100 fold less virulent, five ( tsm 8, tsm 12, tsm 16, tsm 23 and tsm 29) were 150–1500 fold less virulent and four ( tsm 10, tsm 11, tsm 17 and tsm 21) were between 2,000 and 85,000 fold less virulent than wt . One mutant ( tsm 28) did not plaque or replicate at 39°C while 5 other mutants ( tsm 7, tsm 9, tsm 23, tsm 24 and tsm 27) also failed to plaque at 39°C but only failed to replicate or replicated poorly at 40°C. A further two mutants ( tsm 10 and tsm 13) were able to plaque and replicate at 39°C but not 40°C. Six other mutants ( tsm 14, tsm 15, tsm 16, tsm21 , tsm 22 and tsm 30) failed to form plaques at 40°C and were severely restricted in their replication at 40°C. The remaining 11 mutants exhibited varying degrees of restriction in ability to plaque and/or replicate at non-permissive temperatures. These 25 mutants, together with 6 isolated previously, comprise at least 24 complementation groups.     

Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from insectivores. VII. Six new species from the hairy-tailed mole, Parascalops breweri

Sixteen hairy-tailed moles, Parascalops breweri, collected from the northeastern U.S.A. were examined for coccidian oocysts; all were infected with multiple species of coccidia and 3 genera were represented. Two cyclosporans, 2 eimerians, and 2 isosporans are described as new species. Sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora ashtabulensis n. sp. are subspheroid to ellipsoid, 18 X 14 (14-23 X 11-19) microns, and sporocysts are ovoid, 12 X 7 (8-14 X 5-9) microns; C. ashtabulensis was found in 7 of 16 (44%) moles. Sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora parascalopi n. sp. are spheroid, 17 X 14 (13-20 X 11-20) microns, and sporocysts are ovoid, 11 X 7 (8-14 X 5-8) microns; C. parascalopi was found in 8 of 16 (50%) moles. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria aethiospora n. sp. are subspheroid to ellipsoid, 19 X 13 (15-24 X 10-16) microns, and sporocysts are ovoid, 11 X 6 (8-13 X 4-7) microns; E. aethiospora was found in 4 of 16 (25%) moles. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria titthus n. sp. are subspheroid, 16 X 14 (13-19 X 11-17) microns, and sporocysts are ellipsoid, 11 X 6 (9-13 X 4-7) microns; E. titthus was found in 4 of 16 (25%) moles. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora ashtabulensis n. sp. are ellipsoid, 20 X 14 (16-24 X 10-18) microns, and sporocysts are ovoid, 10 X 7 (7-14 X 5-10) microns; I. ashtabulensis was found in 5 of 16 (31%) moles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Twenty-seven nonoverlapping zinc finger cDNAs from human T cells map to nine different chromosomes with apparent clustering.

cDNA clones encoding zinc finger structures were isolated by screening Molt4 and Jurkat cDNA libraries with zinc finger consensus sequences. Candidate clones were partially sequenced to verify the presence of zinc finger-encoding regions; nonoverlapping cDNA clones were chosen on the basis of sequences and genomic hybridization pattern. Zinc finger structure-encoding clones, which were designated by the term "Kox" and a number from 1 to 32 and which were apparently unique (i.e., distinct from each other and distinct from those isolated by other laboratories), were chosen for mapping in the human genome. DNAs from rodent-human somatic cell hybrids retaining defined complements of human chromosomes were analyzed for the presence of each of the Kox genes. Correlation between the presence of specific human chromosome regions and specific Kox genes established the chromosomal locations. Multiple Kox loci were mapped to 7q (Kox 18 and 25 and a locus detected by both Kox 8 cDNA and Kox 27 cDNA), 8q24 5' to the myc locus (Kox 9 and 32), 10cen----q24 (Kox 2, 15, 19, 21, 30, and 31), 12q13-qter (Kox 1 and 20), 17p13 (Kox 11 and 26), and 19q (Kox 5, 6, 10, 22, 24, and 28). Single Kox loci were mapped to 7p22 (Kox 3), 18q12 (Kox 17), 19p (Kox 13), 22q11 between IG lambda and BCR-1 (locus detected by both Kox 8 cDNA and Kox 27 cDNA), and Xp (Kox 14). Several of the Kox loci map to regions in which other zinc finger structure-encoding loci have already been localized, indicating possible zinc finger gene clusters. In addition, Kox genes at 8q24, 17p13, and 22q11--and perhaps other Kox genes--are located near recurrent chromosomal translocation breakpoints. Others, such as those on 7p and 7q, may be near regions specifically active in T cells.     

Characterization and analysis of posttranslational modifications of the human large cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit proteins by mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing

The 60S ribosomal proteins were isolated from ribosomes of human placenta and separated by reversed phase HPLC. The fractions obtained were subjected to trypsin and Glu-C digestion and analyzed by mass fingerprinting (MALDI-TOF), MS/MS (ESI), and Edman sequencing. Forty-six large subunit proteins were found, 22 of which showed masses in accordance with the SwissProt database (June 2002) masses (proteins L6, L7, L9, L13, L15, L17, L18, L21, L22, L24, L26, L27, L30, L32, L34, L35, L36, L37, L37A, L38, L39, L41). Eleven (proteins L7, L10A, L11, L12, L13A, L23, L23A, L27A, L28, L29, and P0) resulted in mass changes that are consistent with N-terminal loss of methionine, acetylation, internal methylation, or hydroxylation. A loss of methionine without acetylation was found for protein L8 and L17. For nine proteins (L3, L4, L5, L7A, L10, L14, L19, L31, and L40), the molecular masses could not be determined. Proteins P1 and protein L3-like were not identified by the methods applied.     

3-D models of the antigenomic ribozyme of the hepatitis delta agent with eight new contacts suggested by sequence analysis of 188 cDNA clones.

We mapped 359 mutations at 25 positions in synthetic variants of the antigenomic ribozyme of the hepatitis delta agent by analyzing the sequences of 188 cDNA clones. These data were used to identify three features of the ribozyme: highly conserved nucleotides, positions with restricted nucleotide substitutions and three-dimensional relationships between nucleotides. The distribution of mutations at the 25 positions was as follows: G-11 (the eleventh nucleotide from the cleavage site) was mutated in 56 clones; G-12 in 36; U-15 in 33; C-13 in 26; G-28 in 23; C-27 in 21; C-29 in 19; U-26 in 17; C-18 in 14; A-14 in 13; C-16 in 13; C-19 in 12; U-17 in 11; A-20 in 10; G-42 in 9; G-40 in 7; G-41 in 7; C-24 in 6; U-32 in 6; U-23 in 5; C-25 in 4; C-21 in 3; G-30 in 3; G-31 in 3; C-22 in 1. All clones containing a mutation at C-25 had an A at this position, suggesting that the extra cyclic amino group present in adenine and cytosine may function during the cleavage event. Mutations at certain positions were common in simple clones (containing only one or two mutations), while mutations at other positions were over-represented in more complex clones. Both compensatory base changes and co-mutational frequencies were used to identify eight pairs of nucleotides which may interact with each other: G-11 and C-18, G-12 and C-27, C-13 and G-28, C-21 and U-23/C-24, C-21 and G-30, U-23 and G-31/U-32, C24 and G-30, C-27 and G-42. These pairs, which involve some of the most conserved positions in the molecule, suggest interactions among nucleotides previously depicted in open-loop structures. The newly proposed points of contact between pairs of nucleotides are compatible with both the axehead and pseudoknot secondary structural models and were combined with previously proposed Watson-Crick base paired helices to produce two three dimensional models. In both of these, C-25 and C-76 are placed near the cleavage site.     

Glucosylceramide having a novel tri-unsaturated long-chain base from the spermatozoa of the starfish, Asterias amurensis

Glucosylceramide (Glc beta 1-1Cer) was isolated from the spermatozoa of the starfish, Asterias amurensis. The long-chain bases of the glycolipid consisted of dihydroxy (d18:2, d18:3, d19:3, and d22:2), and trihydroxy (t22:1) types. Long-chain aldehydes derived from them were analyzed mainly by proton nuclear-magnetic resonance to determine the detailed structures. Two of the tri-unsaturated bases were identified as (4E,8E,10E)-2-amino-4,8,10-octadecatriene-1,3-di ol (d18:3) and (4E,8E,10E)-2-amino-9-methyl-4,8,10-octadecatriene+ ++-1,3-diol (d19:3), which is a novel base. Both d22:2 and t22:1 had a cis double bond at the C9 or C13 position. All fatty acids were 2-hydroxylated (C14-C25): Most of them were saturated and unbranched. About 10% was mono-unsaturated and unbranched (C22-C25), while saturated but branched (iso- and anteiso-types) C15-C18 acids were found as minor components. The main fatty acids, which summed up to more than 93% of the fatty acids in the glucosylceramide, were n-14h:0, n-15h:0, n-16h:0, n-17h:0, n-18h:0, and n-24h:1.     

南海柳珊瑚鳞海底柏化学成分的研究

本文对南海柳珊瑚鳞海底柏Melitodes squarnata Nutting进行了化学成分的研究.通过用工业乙醇:二氯甲烷(2∶1)进行了提取,采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱、高效液相半制备色谱和薄层制备等方法对鳞海底柏的化学成分进行了分离,并利用波谱分析技术和文献对照鉴定其结构.从鳞海底柏中分离得到了17个化合物,分别鉴定为:malonganenone E(1),malonganenone D(2),nuttingin A(3),腺嘌呤核苷(4),1,3,7-三甲基黄嘌呤(5),2'-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(6),3-甲基-6-次黄嘌呤(7),2'-脱氧尿苷(8),(22E,24R)-ergosta-8 (14),22-dien-3β,5α,6β,7α-tetrol(9),(22E)-胆甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(10),胆甾醇(11),(2S,3S,4R)-N-hexadecanoyl-2-amino-1,3,4-eicosanetriol( 12),(2S,2'R,3R,4E,8E)-N-2'- Hydroxytetradecanoyl-2-amino-9-methyl-4,8-octadecaa-diene-1,3-diol(13),鲨肝醇(14),十六烷基甘油醚(15),三油酸甘油酯(16)和4-hydroxy-2,3-dimetlhy1-2-nonen-4-olide(17).     

Chromosomes 17 and 22 involved in marker formation in neurofibrosarcoma in von Recklinghausen disease

Summary We describe the cytogenetic findings in a recurrent neurofibrosarcoma in a patient with nonfamilial von Recklinghausen disease. The composite karyotype was: 40,Y,-X,+dic r(X;20)(:Xp22.2q26::20p13 q13:), -1, +der(1)t(1;3) (p21;p24),-3,-4,-5,+der(5) t(5;?)(q31;?),-9,-9,+der(9)t(3;9)(q21 or q13;p24 or p22), -11,+der(11)t(11;?)(q22.2;?), -17,+der(17)t(17; 22;?)(q21;q13.1;?), -20, -21, -22, -22, +der(22)t(17; 22;?)(q21;q13.1;?),t(2;10)(q37;q22). The derivative chromosomes were demonstrated at the 500 band level. Chromosomes 17 and 22 were shown to be involved in an unbalanced three-way translocation: t(17;22;?)(q21;q13.1;?). This event was confirmed by in situ hybridization, using two probes mapped to chromosome 17. Hill H is a probe derived from the novel oncogene TRE and is located at 17q12–22. The second probe, derived from the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), is located at 17q11–q21. The rearrangement between chromosomes 17 and 22 showed breakpoints similar or close to the gene loci for neurofibromatosis 1 (NF-1) and NF-2. Based on our observations we recommend that genetic studies on NF-1 tumors include both gene sites (NF-1 and NF-2) rather than focus on one gene locus.     

Diapause induction in the thrips predatorAmblyseius cucumeris [Acarina: phytoseiidae] under greenhouse conditions

The predatory miteAmblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) is an important biological control agent for thrips in commercial greenhouses, but its effectiveness in fall and winter is limited by reproductive diapause induced under short day conditions. Influence of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction was investigated to provide information for successful management of the predator. Under 8∶16 (L∶D) photoperiods and 22°C photophase temperatures, diapause incidence was inversely related to scotophase temperature, decreasing from 100% diapause at 15°C to no diapause at 21°C. In continuous darkness, diapause was induced by thermoperiods of 20∶10 and 22∶17 and 22∶17 but not 25∶15°C (T∶C) (8h thermophase). Critical daylength for inducing diapause under 22∶17°C (T∶C) was 12.45 h, which was consistent with the trend in diapause incidence in mites collected from an established greenhouse population September to November. MostA. cucumeris diapaused only when exposed to diapause inducing conditions throughout their juvenile development and none stopped laying eggs when transferred from nondiapause to diapause inducing conditions as adults. After 14 generations of genetic selection for a nondiapause strain, diapause incidence was 33.3%.      

Autosomal fragile sites

It is possible to distribute the 17 autosomic fragile sites presently known in three categories according to their sensitivity: BrdU-sensitive sites (10q25, 16q22, 17p12), distamycin A-sensitive sites (16q22, 17p12) and folate- and thymidilate-sensitive sites (2q11-q14, 3p14, 6p23, 7p11, 8q22, 9p21, 9q32, 10q23, 11q13, 11q23, 12q13, 16p12, 16q23, 17p12, 20p11). Four fundamental problems are discussed, first the relation between the presence of a fragile site and the phenotype, secondly the incidence of autosomic sites, third the origin of fragility (particularity of DNA structure, defect of the DNA/proteins binding and abnormal arrangement of chromatin, abnormality of the metaphasic scaffold) and fourth the localization of fragile sites.