共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 245 毫秒
1.
Summary Suspension cultures initiated from calluses derived from seedling leaf explants of Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Merr. produced somatic
embryos. Embryogenic callus was induced on semisolid MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D) and 2.22 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. A high frequency of somatic embryos was induced in MS liquid medium supplemented
with 4.52 μM 2,4-D and 10% coconut water. Further studies on ontogeny of somatic embryos showed that the cells destined to
become somatic embryos divided into spherical proembryos. Subsequent development led to the formation of globular, heart,
torpedo-shaped and cotyledonary-stage embryos. The conversion of somatic embryos occurred on auxin-free MS medium. Effects
of various auxins, cytokinins, carbohydrates and amino acids in enhancing productin, of somatic embryos were studied. MS medium
supplemented with 87.64 mM sucrose and 342.46 μM glutamine promoted higher somatic embryo production whereas cytokinin had
no effect and led to recallusing of embryos. About 8–10% of embryos converted into plants. 相似文献
2.
Culture conditions for high frequency plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in cell suspension cultures of Chelidonium
majus var. asiaticum are described. Immature ovules formed embryogenic calluses at a frequency of 40% when cultured on Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The optimum ovule size for embryogenic
callus formation ranged from 1 to 1.5 mm in length. Cell suspension cultures were established from embryogenic calluses using
MS liquid medium containing 4.52 μM 2,4-D. Upon plating onto MS basal medium, cell aggregates from cell suspension cultures
produced somatic embryos which then developed into plantlets. Regenerated plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and
grown to maturity in a growth chamber.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Summary A protocol was developed for high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants
of Eruca sativa. Explants grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.52 μM 2,4-D formed embryogenic callus after 4 wk of culture. Secondary somatic embryos were also produced from primary somatic
embryos on MS medium containing 0.56 μM 2,4-D. Somatic embryos developed into mature embryos on MS medium in the presence of 45 gl−1 polyethylene glycol. After desiccation, somatic embryos developed into plantlets by culturing the mature somatic embryos
on 1/2 x MS medium containing 0.24 μM indole-3-butyric acid. 相似文献
4.
Summary Efficient in vitro propagation of Ceropegia candelabrum L. (Asclepidaceae) through somatic embryogenesis was established. Somatic embryogenesis depended on the type of plant growth
regulators in the callus-inducing medium. Friable callus, developed from leaf and internode explants grown on Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.52μM2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), underwent somatic embryogenesis. Compared to solid media, suspension culture was superior
and gave rise to a higher number of somatic embryos. Transfer of the friable callus developed on MS medium containing 4.52μM 2,4-D to suspension cultures of half- or quarter-strength MS medium with lower levels of 2,4-D (0.23 or 0.45 μM) induced the highest number of somatic embryos, which developed up to the torpedo stage. Somatic embryogenesis was asynchronous
with the dominance of globular embryos. About 100 mg of callus induced more than 500 embryos. Upon transfer to quarter-strength
MS agar medium without growth regulators, 50% of the somatic embryos underwent maturation and developed into plantlets. Plantlets
acclimatized under field conditions with 90% survival. 相似文献
5.
Mature zygotic embryos of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) formed embryogenic calluses at a frequency of 43% when cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 4.52 μM
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Cell suspension cultures were established from embryogenic calluses using MS liquid
medium with 4.52 μM 2,4-D. Following transfer to solid MS basal medium, cell suspension cultures gave rise to somatic embryos,
which then developed into plantlets. Plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Summary
In vitro propagation of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wallich ex Nees through somatic embryogenesis, and influence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-1) on induction, maturation, and
conversion of somatic embryos were investigated. The concentration of 2,4-D in callus induction medium determined the induction,
efficacy of somatic embryogenesis, embryo maturation, and conversion. Friable callus initiated from leaf and internode explants
grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.26, 4.52, 6.78, and 9.05μM 2,4-D started to form embryos at 135, 105, 150, and 185d, respectively, after explant establishment. Callus initiated at
13.56μM 2,4-D did not induce embryos even after 240 d, whereas those initiated on MS medium with 4.52μM 2,4-D was most favorable for the formation and maturation of somatic embryos. Callus subcultured on the medium with reduced
concentration of 2,4-D (2.26μM) became embryogenic. This embryogenic callus gave rise to the highest number of embryos (mean of 312 embryos) after being
transferred to half-strength MS basal liquid medium. The embryos were grown only up to the torpedo stage. A higher frequency
of embryos developed from callus initiated on 2.26 or 4.52 μM 2,4-D underwent maturation compared to that initiated on higher concentrations of 2.4-D. The addition of 11.7μM silver nitrate to half-strength MS liquid medium resulted in 71% of embryos undergoing maturation, while 83% of embryos developed
into plantlets after being transferred to agar inedium with 0.44 μMN6-benzyladenine and 1.44 μM gibberellic acid. Most plantlets (88%) survived under field conditions and were morphologically identical to the parent plant. 相似文献
7.
Embryogenic callus was obtained from bulb segments of Iris
pseudacorus on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone or in combination with kinetin. When
early globular somatic embryos were subcultured onto MS medium with 4.52 μM 2,4-D, high frequency of somatic embryogenesis
was obtained. Deprivation of 2,4-D was required for maturation. Mature somatic embryos had an elongated scutellum with a notch
on the base of scutellum. Separation of embryos from embryo clusters was necessary to enhance the frequency of germination.
Germination was stimulated by separation of embryos from embryo clusters and transfer onto fresh half-strength MS medium with
3% sucrose. After acclimation in artificial soil in greenhouse for 2 months, 96.4% of plantlets survived. 相似文献
8.
T. H. Lan P. I. Hong C. C. Huang W. C. Chang C. S. Lin 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(1):44-47
Whole plants were regenerated from excised leaves of Drimiopsis kirkii Baker (Lily of the Valley) through direct somatic embryogenesis. An initial exposure to a low level of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D, 0.45 μM) in the medium was essential in inducing the direct formation of somatic embryos. A high concentration
of 2,4-D (4.52 μM) in the proliferation medium reduced embryogenesis and enhanced callus formation. The presence of kinetin
in the medium enhanced the somatic-embryogenesis-inducing effect of 2,4-D (0.45 μM). The maximum embryogenesis rate (4,026
somatic embryos per gram of leaf) was obtained in explants cultured for 30 d in medium supplemented with 2.33 μM kinetin and
0.45 μM 2,4-D (embryo induction medium). Kinetin (4.65 μM) also enhanced embryo germination (97.6%), but the presence of α-naphthalene
acetic acid in the medium drastically reduced embryo germination. Following conversion, the regenerated plantlets were transferred
to soil and showed normal morphological characteristics. 相似文献
9.
Summary
In vitro regeneration of plants via somatic embryogenesis through cell suspension culture was achieved in horsegram. Embryogenic calluses
were induced on leaf segments on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 9.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Differentiation of somatic embryos occurred when the embryogenic calluses were transferred
to liquid MS medium containing 2,4-D. Maximum frequency (33.2%) of somatic embryos was observed on MS medium supplemented
with 7.9 μM 2,4-D. Cotyledonary-torpedo-shaped embryos were transferred to liquid MS medium without growth regulators for maturation
and germination. About 5% of the embryos germinated into plants, which grew further on solid MS medium. The plants were hardened
and established in soil. Effects of various auxins, cytokinins, carbohydrates, amino acids, and other additives on induction
and germination of somatic embryos were also studied. A medium supplemented with 7.9 μM 2,4-D, 3.0% sucrose, 40 mg l−1
L-glutamine, and 1.0 μM abscisic acid was effective to achieve a high frequency of somatic embryo induction, maturation, and further development. 相似文献
10.
Veena Agrawal Pratima Rani Sardar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(6):585-592
In vitro regeneration through somatic embryogenesis as well as organogenesis using cotyledon of a woody medicinal legume, Cassia angustifolia is reported. The cotyledons dissected from semi-mature seeds, if inoculated on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) supplemented
with auxin alone or in combination with cytokinin, produced direct and indirect somatic embryos. A maximum of 14.36 ± 2.26
somatic embryos per 20 mg of explants including callus were produced in 70% cultures on MS medium with 2.5 μM benzyladenine
(BA) + 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Although the percentage of embryogenic cultures was higher (83.33%) at
10 μM 2,4-D + 1 μM BA, the average number of somatic embryos was much less (7.6 ± 0.85) at this level, whereas at 2.5 μM BA
and 5 μM 2,4-D, there was a simultaneous formation of both somatic embryos and shoots. The somatic embryos, although started
germinating on the same medium, developed into full plantlets only if transferred to MS basal with 2% sucrose. Cytokinins
alone did not induce somatic embryogenesis, but formed multiple shoots. Five micromolar BA proved optimum for recurrently
inducing shoots in the competent callus with a maximum average of 12.04 ± 2.10 shoots and shoot length of 2.26 ± 0.03 cm.
Nearly 91.6% shoots (2–2.5 cm in size) organized an average of 5.12 ± 0.58 roots on half strength MS + 10 μM indole-3-butyric
acid. All the plantlets have been transferred successfully to soil. Types of auxin and its interaction with cytokinin significantly
influenced somatic embryogenesis. 相似文献
11.
We elucidated the relationship between cell proliferation and somatic embryogenesis in the culture of carrot cotyledons. Fresh
weights of the cotyledon expiants were determined every five days while being cultured on a medium containing 2,4-D. Callus
production increased exponentially from Day 20 to Day 25, showing a two-fold rate of proliferation. To examine the embryogenic
potential of the callus, we pre-cultured cotyledon explants on an MS medium with 2,4-D, then transferred them to an MS basal
medium at five-day intervals. Somatic embryos formed most frequently when the cotyledons were pre-cultured for 20 days on
an MS medium that contained 5 μ2,4-D. The frequency of somatic embryo formation was 81%, while that of normal embryos with
two cotyledons was 51% among those formed on a hormone-free medium. We used FACScan analysis to relate the embryogenic potential
of the callus to the S phase in the cell cycle of cultured cells. The S phase was high after 25 days of culture on the medium
with 5 μM 2,4-D. In contrast, the frequency of normal embryogenesis was higher at Day 20 of the pre-culture period. Culturing
embryogenic calli on a medium with 5 μM 2,4-D was most favorable for producing somatic embryos with two cotyledons. We verified
that active somatic embryogenesis was apparently related to cell division activity; somatic embryos induced from actively
dividing cells were apt to accompany cotyledonary abnormality. 相似文献
12.
Summary High-frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration was achieved on callus derived from leaf (petiole and lamina)
and internode explants of Centella asiatica L. Growth regulators significantly influenced the frequency of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. Calluses developed
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 5.37 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), both with 2.32 μM kinetin (Kn), were superior for somatic embryogenesis. Callus developed on NAA and Kn-supplemented medium favored induction
and maturation of embryos earlier compared to that on 2,4-D and Kn. Embryogenic callus transferred from NAA and Kn-supplemented
medium to suspension cultures of half-strength MS medium with NAA (2.69 μM) and Kn (1.16 μM) developed a mean of 204.3 somatic embryos per 100 mg of callus. Embryogenic callus transferred from 2,4-D and Kn subsequently
to suspension cultures of half-strength MS medium with 2,4-D (0.45 μM) and Kn (1.16 μM) developed a mean of 303.1 embryos per 100 mg of callus. Eighty-eight percent of the embryos underwent maturation and conversion
to plantlets upon transfer to half-strength MS semisolid medium having 0.054 μM NAA with either 0.044 μM BA or 0.046 μM Kn. Embryo-derived plantlets established in field conditions displayed morphological characters identical to those of the
parent plant. 相似文献
13.
Kim Suk Weon Cheol Oh Seung In Dong Su Liu Jang Ryol 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2003,72(3):277-280
Japanese honeysuckle plant (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) is rich in iridoid secologanin and is a potentially useful model for the study of secologanin biosynthesis. Culture conditions for high frequency plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryo cultures and zygotic embryo-derived embryogenic cell suspension cultures of this species are described. Mature zygotic embryos formed embryogenic calluses at a frequency of 46.7% when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.52 M 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Cell suspension cultures were established with embryogenic calluses using liquid MS medium with 4.52 M 2,4-D. Upon plating onto MS basal medium, embryogenic cell suspension cultures produced numerous somatic embryos, which subsequently developed into plantlets at a frequency of 68%. Regenerated plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity in a greenhouse. 相似文献
14.
Waxflowers (Chamelaucium spp.) are native to Australia and now are grown for the cut flower industry worldwide. As part of an effort to achieve somatic
hybridization between the species to improve flower quality, somatic embryogenesis was achieved for Chamelaucium uncinatum and C. repens. Somatic embryos from young leaves of C. uncinatum and C. repens were induced in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium containing 20 g/l sucrose and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2,4-D). For C. uncinatum, up to 4% of explants developed somatic embryos at 20 μM 2,4-D and for C. repens, up to 3% developed somatic embryos at 5 μM 2,4-D. Somatic embryos of C. uncinatum were also induced from immature seeds—a maximum of 6% of seed explants producing somatic embryos on MS medium containing
0.05 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 μM Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Somatic embryo cultures maintained on MS medium supplemented
with 0.1 μM 2,4-D were induced to develop into plantlets after transfer to a hormone-free medium under light. 相似文献
15.
Bang Jae W. In Dong S. Chung Sung H. Liu Jang R. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1998,55(2):151-154
Hypocotyl segments of Bupleurum falcatum L. formed embryogenic calluses when cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium
supplemented with 9.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Suspension cultures were initiated by placing calluses into
medium with 0.45 μM 2,4-D. Protoplasts were enzymatically isolated from suspension cultures. They were plated at a density
of 5 × 104 protoplasts per ml on MS medium supplemented with 9% mannitol, 9.0 μM 2,4-D, 4.4 μM BA, 4.6 μM kinetin, and 0.6%
Seaplaque agarose. After four weeks of culture, microcalluses were formed and subsequently transferred to MS solid medium
with 18.1 μM 2,4-D. Upon transfer to MS basal medium, microcalluses gave rise to somatic embryos at a frequency of approximately
10%. They subsequently developed into plantlets. The regenerants were successfully transplanted to potting soil and grown
to maturity in a greenhouse. The regenerants had the normal chromosome number of 2n=2x=20 and did not show morphological aberrancy.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
An efficient method of repetitive somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of two carnation cultivars (Sagres and Impulse)
was established using a two-step protocol. In the first step, embryogenic tissue were induced from petal explants on MS culture
medium containing 9% sucrose (w/v), 9 μM 2,4-D and 0.8 μM BA. In the second step, embryogenic tissue transferred onto the
MS medium containing 3% sucrose supplemented with different concentrations of picloram (0.8, 2, 4, 8 and 16 μM) to produce
primary somatic embryos. Precotyledonary clumps and cotyledonary somatic embryos were then isolated and subcultured onto the
same media as the second step where they formed secondary somatic embryos in repetitive cycles. Cotyledony somatic embryos
were converted into plantlets when they transferred onto the growth regulator-free half-strength MS medium followed by being
acclimated to the greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
17.
M. A. K. Azad S. Yokota F. Begum N. Yoshizawa 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(4):441-449
Somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration were established from hypocotyl and internode explants collected from
in vitro-grown seedlings and in vitro-proliferated shoots, respectively. Somatic embryogenesis was significantly influenced by the types of auxin and cytokinin.
Friable calluses with somatic embryos developed well in Murashige and Skoog basal (MS) medium supplemented with 0.8–8.8 μM
6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 2.0–8.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophexoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The maximal
frequency of embryogenic callus and somatic embryo formation were obtained when the MS medium was amended with 8.8 μM BA and
4.0 μM 2,4-D. The best embryo germination occurred in a hormone-free 1/2-MS medium. The highest percentage of shoot proliferation
was observed in embryogenic calluses in MS medium containing 2.0 μM BA and 1.0 μM NAA. In vitro-grown shoots were rooted in MS medium with 0.5–2.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Regenerants were transferred to vermiculite and
successfully established under an ex vitro environment in garden soil. 相似文献
18.
Somatic embryos were obtained from immature zygotic embryos of Cedrela fissilis Well. (Meliaceae), after a culture period of 12 months, with regular subcultures every 6–8 weeks. Callus was developed on explants in 2 months
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or picloram (PIC). When the calli were
transferred to fresh medium, embryogenic tissue appeared on MS + 45 μM 2,4-D, or 22.5 μM 2,4-D + 0.4 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA),
or 20.7 μM PIC after 6 months. Sub-culture of embryogenic tissue in MS medium supplemented with 4.5 μM 2,4-D resulted in the
differentiation into somatic embryos after further 4 months. Repeated secondary somatic embryogenesis was achieved by regular
subculture on this medium. Maturation and conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets was achieved on MS medium without plant
growth regulators and the conversion frequency was approximately 12.5 %. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in pots
with soil. Histological studies showed that somatic embryos had no detectable connection with the mother explants and that
somatic embryos in advanced stages were bipolar with shoot and root apical meristems, they contained vascular system and showed
typical characteristics of a somatic dicotyledonous embryo. 相似文献
19.
Summary In order to establish a protocol for somatic embryogenesis of annatto, Bixa orellana L., seeds (70 d after anthesis) from field-grown orchards had their coats dissected off, and immature zygotic embryos were
excised aseptically from immature seeds collected from field-grown trees and used as explants. Embryos were cultured onto
MS medium supplemented with or without different combinations of plant growth regulators and activated charcoal. Direct somatic
embryogenesis was induced on explants incubated either in Murashige and Skoog (MS), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D),
and/or kinetin-supplemented media after 25 d of culture. The highest frequencies of embryogenesis and embryos per explant
were obtained on medium containing 2.26 μM 2.4-D, 4.52μM kinetin, and 1.0 gl−1 activated charcoal. The presence of charcoal was critical in increasing embryos per explant, to reduce the time to obtain
somatic embryos, and mainly to prevent callus proliferation and subsequent indirect somatic embryogenesis. No embryogenic
response was achieved when mature embryos were used. It was also observed that embryogenic response was significantly affected
by genotype. Histological investigations revealed that primary direct somatic embryos differentiated exclusively from the
protodermis or together with the outer ground meristem cell layers of the zygotic embryo axis, and from the protodermis of
zygotic cotyledons. Diverse morphological differences, including malformed embryos, were observed among somatic embryos. In
spite of the high frequencies of histodifferentiation of all embryo stages, a very low conversion frequency to normal plants
from somatic embryos was observed. 相似文献
20.
Nasser J. Y. Sholi Anjana Chaurasia Anuradha Agrawal Neera Bhalla Sarin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(2):133-140
Creamy friable calli were induced from meristems (scalps) of proliferating shoots of plantain (Musa sp.) cv. Spambia (genome AAB) incubated on a semi-solid modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.5 μM
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 μM zeatin. About 25% of shoot-tip explants formed scalps, and about 98% of
scalps developed embryogenic calli. Small dense aggregates of cells, were obtained when these calli were transferred to liquid
MS medium supplemented with 4.5 μM 2,4-D and 1.0 μM zeatin. Upon transfer to semi-solid MS medium of the same composition
as described above, aggregates of cells formed somatic embryos. In the presence of 2.5 μM abscisic acid (ABA), maturation
of somatic embryos was 2.6-fold higher than that of control (lacking ABA), and regardless of the type of cytokinin used in
the medium. Upon transfer to MS medium supplemented with 1.25 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 80% of germinated embryos developed
into plantlets. 相似文献