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1.
Summary The effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on lateral root formation was investigated in
adventitious root culture of Panax ginseng. Lateral root formation was affected by IBA (24.6 μM) or NAA (9.8 μM). Lateral root primordia emerged from the explant root pericycle after about 7 d of culture when the roots were cultured
on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 24.6 μM IBA or 9.8 μM NAA. However, no changes were observed in the explant root pericycle on auxin-free medium. The IBA treatment was more effective
for lateral root induction and root growth compared to NAA. In morphological and histological aspects, the lateral roots formed
under IBA treatment developed normally, while NAA-treated roots exhibited abnormal growth. The accumulation of total saponin
was greater in roots treated with IBA than with NAA. 相似文献
2.
Enhanced bud regeneration in aspen (Populus tremula L.) roots cultured in liquid media 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The regeneration potential of excised aspen (Populus tremula L.) roots cultivated in liquid medium, as affected by plant growth regulators and by the position of the isolated root explant
on the main root, was investigated. The effect of various levels of benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) on bud regeneration
in root explants was studied. TDZ in the medium had a marked effect on bud development as compared with BA, inducing a tenfold
increase in the number of buds regenerated from various root explants. TDZ enhanced both root and root-borne shoot biomass
production but reduced further shoot development and elongation. The position of the isolated root sections on the main root
affected regeneration, the proximal sections further away from the root tip producing the highest number of buds per explant
in both BA and TDZ treatments. Buds regenerated in close proximity to the site of lateral roots in BA-treated roots, while
in TDZ-treated root sections, the buds formed all over the root regardless of the presence of lateral roots. The buds developed
from inner cortical and sub-epidermal cell layers, disrupting the epidermis and the inner layers. Root biomass production
and growth was greatly enhanced in well-aerated bioreactor culture in the presence of 4.5×10–2 μM TDZ. A high number of the root-borne shoots could be rooted and converted to plantlets. However, while shoots regenerated
in a medium with BA rooted well in a growth regulator-free medium, shoots formed in a medium with TDZ required auxin for rooting.
Roots cultured in the presence of ancymidol, a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, regenerated non-hyperhydric bud clusters
and hyperhydric shoots. These were separated mechanically, subcultured to growth and rooting medium and transplanted ex vitro
resulting in phenotypically true-to-type plantlets. The potential of liquid cultures for aspen shoot biomass production from
roots is discussed.
Received: 24 January 2000 / Revision received: 6 March 2000 / Accepted: 7 March 2000 相似文献
3.
P.A. Wadegaonkar K.A. Bhagwat M.K. Rai 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,84(2):100202-100204
Direct rooting from leaf explants of Withania somnifera was achieved on half strength Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 15 g l−1 sucrose, and different concentrations of growth regulators. Basal medium supplemented with 2.85 μM indoleacetic acid and
9.85 μM indolebutyric acid achieved maximum number of roots with 100% response. The roots were cultured on MS liquid medium
for the establishment of root-organ culture with the same plant growth regulators and incubated on an orbital shaker at 80 rpm
at 25 ± 2 °C. A root biomass of 6.15 ± 0.17 g was obtained after 5 weeks. When 1 g roots were inoculated to 2.5 l bubble column
reactor, 47 g roots were obtained after 6 weeks. The concentration of alkaloids was increased as compared to field grown roots.
The maximum concentration of withanolides (10 mg g−1 dry weight) was obtained in the bioreactor. 相似文献
4.
Scott E. Hyndman Paul M. Hasegawa Ray A. Bressan 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1981,1(1):229-238
Cultured shoots ofRosa ‘Improved Blaze’ were used to determine the effects of sucrose and inorganic nitrogen on adventitious root formation. Shoots
grown in media containing high sucrose concentrations (146.07–262.93 mM) produced more and longer roots than those grown in media containing 0–87.64 mM sucrose. This response to sucrose was related to the metabolism of sucrose rather than its osmotic properties since the use
of mannitol and 3-O-methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside as osmotic substitutes did not reproduce the effect on rooting. The number
and length of roots increased when the shoots were grown in media with the nitrogen concentration of the Murashige-Skoog (MS)
salt formulation reduced from 60 to 7.5 mM. Neither nitrate (NO
3
−
) nor ammonium (NH
4
+
) alone at any of the concentrations tested had the effect on rooting that both had together in the ratio of the MS salt formulation.
When the sucrose and nitrogen concentrations were both varied, the greatest rate of root initiation occurred on shoots grown
in media with a high sucrose to nitrogen concentration ratio. 相似文献
5.
Influence of selected carbohydrates on rhizogenesis of shoots saucer magnolia in vitro 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aurelia Kamenicka 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》1998,20(4):425-429
Nodal segements were taken from juvenile shoots of mature 100 year-old trees of saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana Soul.-Bod.) and cultured on Standardi and Catalano medium supplemented with 1.33 μmol·dm−3 BA, 0.54 μmol·dm−3 NAA, 58 μmol·dm−3 sucrose and 6.0 g·l−1 agar-agar. After 8 weeks, separated shoots were transferred to rooting medium with half-strength macronutrients (basal medium)
supplemented with 0.3% activated charcoal and one of carbohydrates: arabinose, cellulose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose,
mannose, rhamnose, ribose, sorbose, sucrose or xylose at 20 g·dm−3 and 7.0 g·dm−3 agar-agar. After 13 weeks of culture, shoot number, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, total root length and number
of roots/per shoot were recorded. Percentages of rooted shoots were calculated. Fructose, mannose and xylose were the most
effective carbon source on shoot proliferation followed by sucrose. The rooting response was induced by cellulose and xylose.
Arabinose, rhamnose and sorbose inhibited root formation. The number of adventitious roots produced per shoot was stimulated
by cellulose and xylose. Total biomass (shoot plus roots) of the plantlets was the highest at fructose and cellulose. 相似文献
6.
Improved microspore culture and doubled-haploid plant regeneration in the brown condiment mustard (Brassica juncea) 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The availability of doubled haploids could greatly contribute to improving seed quality in condiment mustard (Brassica juncea). We have developed an efficient and reliable protocol of microspore culture, modified from that of Baillie et al. (1992),
based on a modification of the sucrose concentration of culture media. A comparison of microspore culture media differing
in their sucrose content showed that a decrease from 17% (w/v) sucrose during the first 48 h to 10% (w/v) thereafter favoured
an increase in the production of embryos whatever the responding genotype tested. Thus, out of the 13 B. juncea genotypes studied, 12 gave rise to embryos, and seven of these embryos could be converted into plants. Doubled-haploid plants
were produced after treatment with colchicine.
Received: 16 January 2000 / Revision received: 8 August 2000 / Accepted: 20 September 2000 相似文献
7.
We have examined the effect of sucrose on adventitious root formation in apple microcuttings and in 1-mm stem slices cut from apple microcuttings. The sucrose concentration influenced the number of adventitious roots, but at a broad range of sucrose concentrations (1–9%) the effect was small. In addition, there was an interaction between sucrose and auxin: increasing the sucrose concentration shifted the dose–response curve of auxin to the right. When slices were cultured on medium without sucrose for the initial period (0–48 h), rooting was reduced whereas 48-h culture without application of sucrose had hardly any effect or even a slight promotive effect in a later period (48–120 h). The results show that during adventitious root formation, applied sucrose is used as a source of energy and building blocks but they are also in accordance with a possible regulatory role of sucrose. 相似文献
8.
Hairy roots of Plumbago indica were established at high frequency (90 %) by infecting leaf explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834. The axenic root cultures were established under darkness in hormone-free liquid Murashige and Skoog medium
containing 3 % sucrose. The highest plumbagin content was found to accumulate in roots at their exponential phase of growth.
A low pH (4.6) and a low concentration of sucrose (1 %) were beneficial for root growth in darkness, while pH 5.6 and 3 %
sucrose under continuous irradiance enhanced plumbagin accumulation in roots up to 7.8 mg g−1(d.m.). Direct shoot regeneration from hairy root culture was also achieved under continuous irradiance, thus indicated an
easy way of obtaining transformed P. indica plants. 相似文献
9.
Growth and sporulation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus caledonium in dual culture with transformed carrot roots 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Glomus caledonium was established in a dual culture with Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot roots. A modification of the minimal M medium buffered
at pH 6.50 with 10 mM MES and solidified with 0.4% unpurified gellan gum allowed spore germination and formation of the symbiosis,
together with the development of an extensive extramatrical mycelium and sporulation. Spore production increased with culture
generation and most spores were viable. These spores colonized carrot roots and completed the fungal life cycle. In many cultures,
sporulation was accompanied by the formation of arbuscule-like structures on short and thickened lateral branches of main
hyphae. Root colonization was of the Paris-type with hyphae spreading intracellularly. Most colonized root cells contained coils of thickened hyphae, sometimes surrounded
by fine hyphae, but no typical arbuscules were observed.
Accepted: 26 January 2000 相似文献
10.
The effect of sucrose concentration in the medium on the growth and resumption ability to form lateral roots was investigated using the hairy roots of pak-bung and tobacco. It was found that the growth evaluated by root tip elongation of pak-bung and tobacco hairy roots was suppressed in the medium having an initial sucrose concentration of <2.5kg/m(3), and that the resumption abilities of both the hairy roots could be preserved when the hairy roots were kept at an initial sucrose concentration of 2.5kg/m(3) under ambient temperature conditions. The values of maintenance energy for pak-bung and tobacco hairy roots were determined to be 0.11 and 0.12 per day, respectively, from the total sugar consumption rates. Under the oligotrophic condition of the sucrose concentration of 2.5kg/m(3), the hairy roots were considered to exist as resting cells with maintenance metabolism, and the minimum demand for the energy source to ensure survival of the cells was met because the cells hardly multiplied and sugar consumption was not significant. In addition, long-term storage of pak-bung hairy roots in the liquid medium with 2.5kg/m(3) sucrose was performed at 25 degrees C. It was demonstrated that the hairy roots could maintain their resumption abilities without a serious loss of viability over 600 days and that the number of budding lateral roots per unit length of the main roots remained a value of 72 roots/m after the 600-day storage. 相似文献
11.
Summary Normal root of Hyoscyamus niger was cultivated in various nutrient conditions to optimize root growth and scopolamine production. Nitrate or phosphate concentration had little effect on root growth, while the low levels of nitrate or phosphate enhanced specific scopolamine content by 44% and 39%, respectively. Glucose or fructose was not adequate for the root culture as a carbon source, while the root growth was markedly enhanced at high sucrose concentration (up to 9%). The growth rate (0.59g dw./L.d.) and scopolamine productivity (1.98 mg/L.d.) was increased greater in roots with 9% initial sucrose concentration as compared to 3% sucrose (0.28 g dw./L.d., 0.98 mg/L.d.) 相似文献
12.
Kong-Sik Shin Debasis Chakrabarty Jung-Youn Ko Seong-Soo Han Kee-Yoeup Paek 《Plant Growth Regulation》2003,39(2):187-193
Information concerning the sugar status of plant cells is of greatimportance during all stages of the plant life cycle. The aim of this work wasto study primary carbohydrate metabolism in hairy roots of red beet. Growth ofhairy roots of red beet in vitro and changes in concentration of major nutrientsand sugar in the media were measured over a growth cycle of 16 days. We havealso determined the levels of key enzymes in the pathways of sucrose metabolism.Sucrose concentration decreased as hairy root growth proceeded while no changein glucose and fructose levels in the medium was found during the first 3 daysindicating that external sucrose is preferably taken to the cell before it ishydrolyzed by extracellular invertase. The increase in glucose and fructoselevels in the media after 5 days of culture indicates extracellular hydrolysisof sucrose which was further supported by the activity of acid invertaseobserved during that time in the culture medium. The uptake of mineral nutrientsby hairy root of red beet was monitored continuously during the culture cycle.The preferential use of NH4
+ overNO3
– at the beginning of the culture andacidification of culture media were the two most notable results concerningnitrogen nutrition during hairy root growth of red beet. 相似文献
13.
Cell aggregates with root primordia were formed in root primordia culture (RPC) of Solanum lycopersicoides grown in modified liquid MS medium containing 15 mg/l NAA. After transfer to liquid medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4-D, the aggregates
dissociated into single root primordia (RP) which had an organizing root meristem at the apical pole. Oval structures called
pseudoembryos were formed from single RP. After passage to liquid MS medium without phyto-hormones and organic compounds (with
the exception of sucrose), an apical root meristem developed and the shoot apical meristem was initiated. The pseudoembryos
developed into elongated pseudoseedlings which formed plants after transfer to a 1/2MSV medium. The development of pseudoembryos
occurred without the callus phase. Moreover, the induction of the shoot meristem occurred without exogenous cytokinins.
Received: 30 August 1999 / Revision received: 20 December 1999 / Accepted: 3 January 2000 相似文献
14.
The influences of light conditions, sucrose and ethylene on in vitro formation and storability of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulblets were studied in various accessions. Light, sucrose and ethylene influenced bulb formation. Storability was primarily
enhanced by a high sucrose concentration (100 g/l) in the culture medium. The bulbing process was characterised by changes
in bulbing ratio, leaf length, number of leaves and leaf development time. The viability of bulbs after 1 year of in vitro
storage at low temperatures was determined by their growth reaction in subsequent subcultures, growth after transfer into
the greenhouse and tetrazolium staining. Sufficient sprouting of bulblets previously stored at –1 °C demonstrated the possibility
of storing them in a low-temperature, slow-growth culture.
Received: 8 June 2000 / Revision received: 5 October 2000 / Accepted: 5 October 2000 相似文献
15.
The influence of semi-continuous culture on root growth and production of saikosaponins was investigated using root cultures
of Bupleurum chinense DC. When fresh medium, consisting of half-strength of Murashige and Skoog liquid medium and 5% sucrose, was added at day
30, numerous new young roots developed and grew. Also, an increase in root weight and the total amount of saikosaponins was
observed at day 60. Both the concentration and time of adding sucrose to the culture medium had significant effects on root
growth and production of total saikosaponins. The sucrose concentration was controlled by multiple additions of fresh sucrose
at different time points during root culture. Compared to other reported methods, by which sucrose concentration was controlled
in culture, sequential increases of 1% sucrose at days 5, 10, 15, and 20 promoted both root growth and the production of saikosaponins. 相似文献
16.
Relationship between tissue sugar content, phloem import and lateral root initiation in wheat 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Split‐root experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that adjustments in lateral root initiation, as might occur in response to localized soil conditions, are determined by the sugar content of the root and do not depend on changes in the import of phloem‐translocated phytohormones. Wheat ( Triticum aesticum L. cv. Alexandria) seedlings were grown in hydroponics with their seminal roots divided between two compartments within the culture vessel. Two seminal roots of treated plants were supplied with standard nutrient solution supplemented with 50 m M glucose, whilst the remaining three roots received nutrient solution without glucose. Control plants had their roots divided in the same ratio, but both 'halves' received nutrient solution without glucose. Feeding glucose to one 'half' of the root system increased the frequency (number per unit length) of lateral root primordia in the fed axes. The increase was first observed 15 h after the start of treatment and was located within the apical 30 mm of root. At this time there was no significant treatment effect on the frequency of primordia in non‐fed axes. The enhanced initiation of lateral roots in glucose‐fed root tips was associated with an increase in their concentration of glucose and sucrose plus low molecular mass fructans. In contrast, there was a reduction in partitioning of 14 C‐photosynthate to these root tips compared to the non‐fed roots of treated plants and controls. The results indicate that lateral root initiation can be stimulated by sugars in the absence of an increase in phloem translocation. It is proposed that proliferation of lateral roots in response to localized soil conditions, such as nutrient patches, may be signalled by an increase in sugar content of the tissue, rather than an altered flux of phytohormones or other material co‐transported with sucrose in the phloem. 相似文献
17.
V. R. Anbazhagan C. H. Ahn E. Harada Y. S. Kim Y. E. Choi 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(6):494-501
Podophyllum peltatum is an important medicinal plant that produces podophyllotoxin (PTOX) with anti-cancer properties. We established the embryogenic
cell and adventitious root culture systems in P. peltatum and analyzed PTOX production. For the growth of embryogenic cell clumps in shake flask culture, the most efficient concentration
of 2,4-dichloroacetic acid (2,4-D) was 6.78 μM, and the growth of embryogenic cell clumps was 15.9-fold increased in Murashige
and Skoog MS liquid medium with 6.78 μM 2,4-D after 3 wk of culture. To induce adventitious roots, half-strength MS medium
showed the best results for adventitious root induction compared to full strength MS medium and MS medium lacking NH4NO3. Optimal indole-3-butyric acid concentration for adventitious root formation was 14.78 μM. In liquid medium, the frequency
of adventitious root formation from root segments was 87.7% and the number of laterally formed adventitious roots was 22.3
per segment. PTOX production in embryogenic cells and adventitious roots was confirmed by liquid chromatography and electrospray
ionization–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that adventitious roots
contained higher PTOX than embryogenic cell clumps. Elicitor treatment (20 μM methyl jasmonate) strongly enhanced the production
of PTOX in both embryogenic cell clumps and adventitious roots. This observation suggests that both embryogenic cell and adventitious
root culture can be adopted to produce PTOX. 相似文献
18.
The use of molasses as a substrate for ethanol production by the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus was investigated at 45°C. A maximum ethanol concentration of 7.4% (v/v) was produced from unsupplemented molasses at a concentration
of 23% (v/v). The effect on ethanol production of increasing the sucrose concentration in 23% (v/v) molasses was determined.
Increased sucrose concentration had a similar detrimental effect on the final ethanol produced as the increase in molasses
concentration. This indicated that the effect may be due to increased osmotic activity as opposed to other components in the
molasses. The optimum concentration of the supplements nitrogen, magnesium, potassium and fatty acid for maximum ethanol production
rate was determined using the Nelder and Mead (Computer J 7:308–313, 1965) simplex optimisation method. The optimum concentrations
of the supplements were 0.576 g l-1 magnesium sulphate, 0.288 g l-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.36% (v/v) linseed oil. Added nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulphate did not affect
the ethanol production rate.
Received: 29 January 1996/Received revision: 23 April 1996/Accepted: 29 April 1996 相似文献
19.
蔗糖浓度对三裂叶野葛毛状根生长及其次生物质产生的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文研究了蔗糖浓度对发根农杆菌ATCC15834诱导产生的三裂叶野葛毛状根生长及其葛根素和异黄酮类化合物产生的影响以及液体培养基中蔗糖的消耗变化。结果表明:毛状根在含5%、4%、3%和2%蔗糖的MS培养基中培养16天后的干重增殖倍数分别为11.7、11.9、10.1和5.9;其中尤以3%的蔗糖浓度最有利于毛状根中异黄酮类化合物及葛根素的积累;培养12天后,毛状根的葛根素含量达到最高,约5.147mg/gDW;而其异黄酮类化合物的含量则在培养16天后达到最高,约27.76mg/gDW。在毛状根液体培养过程中培养基的蔗糖浓度随着毛状根的生长而降低,其消耗速率与毛状根的生长速度及其可溶性总糖含量成正比。毛状根的可溶性总糖含量在培养12天时达到最高,而培养16天后培养基中的蔗糖消耗完毕。 相似文献
20.
Embryogenic nucellar callus cultures of different Citrus species and cultivars growing in hormone-free medium were transferred to medium containing either sucrose or glycerol as
the only carbohydrate source. Glycerol has been reported to induce further development of Citrus somatic embryos, while in the presence of sucrose they continue to proliferate in an 'undifferentiated' manner. The endogenous
hormone levels of the cultures were evaluated after 2 and 5 days to characterise the initial steps of embryo development.
In most cases, differences among treatments were observed only after 5 days of culture. Higher cytokinin levels were found
in most of the cultures transferred to the glycerol-containing medium. The effect of ageing sweet orange cultures on their
endogenous hormone levels was determined by leaving them in the original culture medium without subculturing for 60 days.
While no changes were observed in the free indoleacetic acid and gibberellin contents, lower levels of abscisic acid and cytokinins
were found in the aged cultures than in those transferred at the normal interval, every 30 days. The endogenous hormone contents
of Citrus callus of different genotypes were compared. Significant differences were observed in the levels of all hormones evaluated,
even when the in vitro ontogeny of the different genotypes was very similar.
Received: 10 February 2000 / Revision received: 25 August 2000 / Accepted: 29 August 2000 相似文献