Predisposing factors for cerebral infarction: the Oxfordshire community stroke project.

The frequency of known causative factors of cerebral infarction was studied in 244 cases of first ever stroke due to cerebral infarction proved by computed tomography or at necropsy who were registered in the first two years of a prospective community based study. Risk factors for cerebral infarction were present in 196 (80%) cases; hypertension in 126 (52%); ischaemic heart disease in 92 (38%); peripheral vascular disease in 60 (25%); a cardiac lesion that was a major potential source of embolism to the brain in 50 (20%); transient ischaemic attacks in 35 (14%); cervical arterial bruit in 33 (14%); and diabetes mellitus in 24 (10%). Thirty one patients (13%) were in atrial fibrillation. Of the 48 patients who were free of risk factors or a major potential cardiac source of embolism at the time of the stroke, 18 were found to have hypertension after the stroke and 10 to have non-atheromatous non-embolic conditions (migrainous cerebral infarction (three), arteritis (two), inflammatory bowel disease (one), arterial trauma (one), autoimmune disease (one), carcinoma of the thyroid (one), and major operation (one). In 20 patients no causative factors could be identified. In this unselected series of patients with first ever stroke due to cerebral infarction most of the strokes were presumed to be due to either atheromatous arterial disease or embolism from the heart, and only 4% (95% confidence interval 2 to 7%) were probably due to non-atheromatous non-embolic causes. This has implications for research into strokes and allocation of public health expenditure.     

淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值对急性脑梗死患者预后的预测价值研究

目的:探讨淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值(LMR)对急性脑梗死预后的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析急性脑梗死患者242例的临床资料,根据发病90天改良m RS评分分为预后良好组(163例,m RS 0-2分)和预后不良组(79例,m RS 3-6分),比较其入院时一般人口学资料、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(NIHSS评分)、血常规、血生化、C反应蛋白(CRP)等资料,根据入院时淋巴细胞与单核细胞计数计算出LMR值,采用logistics回归分析评估LMR与急性脑梗死预后的关系。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价入院时LMR水平对急性脑梗预后的预测价值。结果:与预后良好组相比,预后不良组年龄、入院时NIHSS评分、伴随房颤、尿素氮、白细胞、CRP较高,而LMR水平较低,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。预后不良组LMR水平较预后良好组明显降低(3.48±2.23 vs. 4.39±1.84,P0.05),入院时NIHSS评分增高与低水平LMR是预后不良的独立危险因素(OR值分别为2.066、0.835,95%可信区间为1.668-2.559、0.759-0.946,P0.05)。入院时LMR水平ROC曲线下面积为0.762(95%CI 0.692-0.832),Youden法计算出LMR低于2.633(最佳临界值)预示预后不良,敏感性为86.9%,特异性为47%。结论:入院时LMR水平与急性脑梗死预后不良负相关,低水平LMR对预测急性脑梗死患者预后不良具有一定的参考价值。     

血清UA、CysC、Lp-PLA2与急性脑梗死合并脑白质疏松症患者预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清尿酸（UA）、胱抑素C（CysC）、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶 A2（Lp-PLA2）水平与急性脑梗死合并脑白质疏松症患者预后的关系。方法：选择2020年3月至2022年12月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九六0医院收治的113例急性脑梗死合并脑白质疏松症患者,检测血清UA、CysC、Lp-PLA2水平。随访1个月,根据改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分将患者分为预后良好组（0～2分,75例）和预后不良组（3分及以上,38例）。多因素Logistic回归分析急性脑梗死合并脑白质疏松症患者预后不良的危险因素,受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析血清UA、CysC、Lp-PLA2对急性脑梗死合并脑白质疏松症患者预后不良的预测价值。结果：预后不良组血清UA、CysC、Lp-PLA2水平高于预后良好组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示重度脑白质病变、高入院时NIHSS评分,高血清UA、CysC、Lp-PLA2水平是急性脑梗死合并脑白质疏松症患者预后不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）。联合血清UA、CysC、Lp-PLA2预测急性脑梗死合并脑白质疏松症患者预后的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.916,高于单独预测。结论：急性脑梗死合并脑白质疏松症患者血清UA、CysC、Lp-PLA2水平增高且与预后不良有关,联合血清UA、CysC、Lp-PLA2预测急性脑梗死合并脑白质疏松症患者预后不良价值较高。     

急性脑梗死合并肺部感染137例临床分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者合并肺部感染的主要诱发因素、发病机制以及有效的预防和治疗措施。方法对我院神经内科2012年1月~2014年1月收治的137例急性脑梗死合并肺部感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨合并肺部感染的发生与患者的年龄、意识状态、病情严重程度、是否合并基础疾病、延髓性麻痹以及预后等的关系。结果老年患者、昏迷患者、存在延髓性麻痹、病情重以及合并慢性肺病、糖尿病、心脏病及既往卒中史患者出现肺部感染的概率明显高于不存在的患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。而在疾病预后方面,单纯急性脑梗死患者的预后显著优于合并肺部感染患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者合并肺部感染的因素较多,控制和避免这些因素能显著改善疾病的发展,提高患者的临床治疗效果,改善患者的预后。     

Predicting the outcome of stroke: acute stage after cerebral infarction.

On admission to hospital during the acute phase of a stroke presumed due to ischaemic infarction in one cerebral hemisphere 93 patients were examined to determine the factors associated with a poor prognosis for immediate survival. The patients particularly at risk were those who were overtly unconscious and those with any combination of impaired consciousness, dense hemiplegia, and failure of conjugate ocular gaze towards the side of the limb weakness. Necropsy evidence suggested that these signs usually indicate infarction of the whole of one middle cerebral artery territory which is often secondary to internal carotid artery occlusion and commonly produces fatal cerebral oedema.     

磁共振成像弥散张量成像参数联合血清NSE、Lp-PLA2在脑梗死患者的诊断和预后不良风险评估中的应用价值

摘要 目的：探讨磁共振成像（MRI）弥散张量成像（DTI）参数联合血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）在脑梗死患者的诊断和预后不良风险评估中的应用价值。方法：选择2021年3月至2022年9月吉林大学中日联谊医院收治的106例脑梗死患者作为脑梗死组，另选同期62例体检健康志愿者作为对照组，比较两组DTI参数，血清NSE和Lp-PLA2水平。脑梗死组出院90d后，采用改良Rankin量表（mRS）进行预后评估，分为预后良好组与预后不良组，并比较两组上述指标水平。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析DTI参数联合血清NSE、Lp-PLA2诊断脑梗死和预测脑梗死患者预后的价值。结果：脑梗死组表观弥散系数（ADC）值、部分各向异性指数（FA）值低于对照组（P＜0.05），血清NSE、Lp-PLA2水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。预后不良组FA值、ADC值低于预后良好组（P＜0.05），血清NSE、Lp-PLA2水平高于预后良好组（P＜0.05）。联合FA值、ADC值、NSE和Lp-PLA2诊断脑梗死以及预测脑梗死患者预后不良的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.852、0.874，均高于各因素单独诊断和预测。结论：脑梗死DTI参数FA值、ADC值降低，血清NSE、Lp-PLA2水平增高，联合DTI参数和血清NSE、Lp-PLA2检测在脑梗死诊断和预后预测中具有较高价值。     

Atrial fibrillation and stroke: prevalence in different types of stroke and influence on early and long term prognosis (Oxfordshire community stroke project)

OBJECTIVE--To determine in patients with first ever stroke whether atrial fibrillation influences clinical features, the need to perform computed tomography, and prognosis. DESIGN--Observational cohort study with maximum follow up of 6.5 years. SETTING--Primary care, based on 10 general practices in urban and rural Oxfordshire. SUBJECTS--Consecutive series of 675 patients with first ever stroke registered in the Oxfordshire community stroke project. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Prevalence of atrial fibrillation by type of stroke; effect of atrial fibrillation on case fatality rate and risk of recurrent stroke, vascular death, and death from all causes. RESULTS--Prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 17% (95% confidence interval 14% to 20%) for all stroke types (115/675), 18% (15% to 21%) for cerebral infarction (97/545), 11% (4% to 11%) for primary intercerebral haemorrhage (7/66), and 0% (0 to 11%) for subarachnoid haemorrhage (0/33). For patients with cerebral infarction the 30 day case fatality rate was significantly higher with atrial fibrillation (23%) than with sinus rhythm (8%); the risk of early recurrent stroke (within 30 days) was 1% with atrial fibrillation and 4% with sinus rhythm. In patients who survived at least 30 days the average annual risk of recurrent stroke was 8.2% (5.9% to 10.9%) with sinus rhythm and 11% (6.0% to 17.3%) with atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS--After a first stroke atrial fibrillation was not associated with a definite excess risk of recurrent stroke, either within 30 days or within the first few years. Survivors with and without atrial fibrillation had a clinically important absolute risk of further serious vascular events.     

Biopercular syndrome: report of two cases and literature review

The anterior opercular or biopercular syndrome is a cortical pseudobulbar palsy due to bilateral lesions of the anterior brain operculum. It is characterized by preservation of reflex function and automatic activity, without mental impairment. Two cases are reported herein and the relevant literature reviewed. The first case was a 73-year-old female with a history of a stroke occurring seven years previously, without sequelae in the interim. She presented with sudden loss of consciousness. The neurological examination showed a right facial central palsy and anarthria, with reflex acts such as smiling, blinking and yawning, not elicited by commands; she also had a right hemiparesis and walking impairment. A brain CT scan showed an old ischemic infarction in the region of the right medial cerebral artery. Because the right motor involvement did not correlate with the findings of the initial CT scan, another CT scan two days later showed an acute brain infarction in the vicinity of the left medial cerebral artery. The second case was an 8-year-old girl with mental retardation and impairment of verbal development, caused by of biopercular pachygyria. Facio-pharyngo-glosso-masticatory diplegia and volitional selective palsy of the oro-facial muscles was seen in both patients. The neuropsychological assessment showed cognitive, emotional and social interaction impairment in both cases -as part of the frontal convexity syndrome in the first case and of mental retardation in the second. The two patients had difficulty in mastication and swallowing. The prognosis for recovery of verbal capacity is poor, although generally most patients recover the ability to swallow.     

Infarction in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery: clinical study of 51 patients

Background

Little is known about clinical features and prognosis of patients with ischaemic stroke caused by infarction in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). This single centre, retrospective study was conducted with the following objectives: a) to describe the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of stroke patients with ACA infarction as compared with that of patients with ischaemic stroke due to middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarctions, and b) to identify predictors of ACA stroke.

Methods

Fifty-one patients with ACA stroke were included in the "Sagrat Cor Hospital of Barcelona Stroke Registry" during a period of 19 years (1986–2004). Data from stroke patients are entered in the stroke registry following a standardized protocol with 161 items regarding demographics, risk factors, clinical features, laboratory and neuroimaging data, complications and outcome. The characteristics of these 51 patients with ACA stroke were compared with those of the 1355 patients with MCA infarctions and 232 patients with PCA infarctions included in the registry.

Results

Infarctions of the ACA accounted for 1.3% of all cases of stroke (n = 3808) and 1.8% of cerebral infarctions (n = 2704). Stroke subtypes included cardioembolic infarction in 45.1% of patients, atherothrombotic infarction in 29.4%, lacunar infarct in 11.8%, infarct of unknown cause in 11.8% and infarction of unusual aetiology in 2%. In-hospital mortality was 7.8% (n = 4). Only 5 (9.8%) patients were symptom-free at hospital discharge. Speech disturbances (odds ratio [OR] = 0.48) and altered consciousness (OR = 0.31) were independent variables of ACA stroke in comparison with MCA infarction, whereas limb weakness (OR = 9.11), cardioembolism as stroke mechanism (OR = 2.49) and sensory deficit (OR = 0.35) were independent variables associated with ACA stroke in comparison with PCA infarction.

Conclusion

Cardioembolism is the main cause of brain infarction in the territory of the ACA. Several clinical features are more frequent in stroke patients with ACA infarction than in patients with ischaemic stroke due to infarction in the MCA and PCA territories.     

Diurnal variation in incidence of stroke: Oxfordshire community stroke project.

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether diurnal variation occurs in the onset of stroke. DESIGN--Community based study over four years. SETTING--Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. SUBJECTS--105,000 people, of whom 675 had a first ever stroke. 545 had a cerebral infarction, 66 had primary intracerebral haemorrhage, 33 had subarachnoid haemorrhage, and in 31 the type of stroke was not known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Time of stroke and degree of activity at onset. RESULTS--In the 578 patients for whom it was known whether onset occurred while asleep or awake, the proportion with onset during sleep was 25% (135/545) for cerebral infarction, 17% (11/66) for primary intracerebral haemorrhage, and 0% (0/33) for subarachnoid haemorrhage. This difference persisted if patients in whom it was not known whether they were asleep or awake at onset were classed as asleep. For all stroke types together there was a significant (chi 2 = 218.7, p less than 0.001) diurnal variation with a morning peak between 0800 and 1000, which persisted even after allowing for strokes first noted on waking by redistributing the hour of onset through the preceding eight hours (chi 2 = 47, p less than 0.001). A significant diurnal variation was also found in the onset of cerebral infarction (peak 0800-1000, chi 2 = 208.4, p less than 0.001). Fewer patients had other forms of stroke and the diurnal variations for primary intracerebral haemorrhage (peak 1000-1200) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (peaks 0800-1000 and 1800-2000) were not significant. There seemed to be a second smaller peak for all types of stroke. CONCLUSIONS--All types of stroke are most likely to occur after waking in the morning. The cause of the circadian variation requires further study.     

C 反应蛋白检测在急性脑梗死患者中的临床应用价值分析

目的:探讨血清中C反应蛋白在急性脑梗死患者中的临床应用价值。方法:选择2010年4月至2011年4月间,我院收治的急性脑梗死(ACI)患者87例,以同时期的62名健康体检者为对照,分析ACI患者发病后1、3、7、14、28天血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平与正常对照组的差别。以血清CRP≥12mg/L作为A组,CRP<12mg/L作为B组,分析两组的病情和预后。结果:ACI患者发病后血清CRP浓度随时间推移先升高后降低,在第3d时达到最大值;各时段均高于对照组(P>0.05);A组的病情严重程度高于B组,预后较B组差。结论:CRP在ACI患者血清中显著升高且呈动态性变化;血清CRP≥12mg/L者,病情较重、预后较差。     

Strokes among black people in Harare,Zimbabwe: results of computed tomography and associated risk factors.

Computed tomography was performed and risk factors evaluated in 100 consecutive adult patients presenting to the two teaching hospitals in Harare with a clinical diagnosis of stroke. The mean age of the patients was 52; only 28 were 65 or older. Non-stroke lesions were found in seven patients and were predicted by a recent history of convulsions (p less than 0.0001). Five lesions (four subdural haematomas and one cerebral cysticercosis) were remediable. Hypertension was present in 27 (93%) of the 29 patients with cerebral haemorrhage and in 49 (53%) of the 93 patients with stroke lesions. In 22 (45%) of these patients the hypertension had not been diagnosed, and another 22 had defaulted from treatment. All 13 patients who died before computed tomography had hypertension, and over half showed evidence of haemorrhagic stroke. There was a cardiac source for all 12 cases of cerebral embolism. In eight of the 100 patients cerebral infarction was attributed to neurosyphilis. None of the patients had clinical evidence of atherosclerosis. Smoking and oral contraceptives did not seem important risk factors for stroke. Detection and control of hypertension remain the most important measures needed to reduce the incidence of and mortality from stroke in Zimbabwe.     

Association of Diabetes and Prognosis of Minor Stroke and Its Subtypes: A Prospective Observational Study

BackgroundThe association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and prognosis of minor stroke is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether DM contributes to the prognosis of minor stroke or its specific subtype.MethodsAll minor ischemic stroke patients were derived from the China National Stroke Registry and classified into 5 subtypes according to the TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) criteria. DM was defined as either self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes or use of hypoglycemic medications during hospitalization or at discharge. Patients were followed up for 1 year for clinical outcomes of recurrent stroke, death and functional outcome. Poor functional outcomes were defined as a score of 2–6 for modified Rankin Score. Associations between DM and prognosis of minor stroke and its subtypes were analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 4,548 patients with minor stroke, 1,230(27.0%) patients had DM, 1,038(22.8%) had poor outcomes and 570(13.0%) of 4,401 patients had recurrent stroke at 1 year. In multivariable analyses, DM were significantly associated with 1-year stroke recurrence (Odds Ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.59) and poor outcome (OR, 1.51; 95%CI: 1.28–1.77). Among the subtypes of minor stroke, DM was only significantly associated with 1-year stroke recurrence (OR, 1.63; 95%CI: 1.07–2.50) and poor outcome (OR, 1.73; 95%CI: 1.22–2.45) in the small-artery occlusion subtype.ConclusionsDM significantly increased the risk of stroke recurrence and poor outcome in the small-artery occlusion subtype, but not in other subtypes of minor stroke.     

Plasma Renin Levels and Vascular Complications in Hypertension

Plasma renin levels, measured in 39 untreated patients in 1967, under conditions of sodium loading and sodium depletion have been related to the incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction. Renin levels were not significantly different in patients with or without vascular complications. Out of 13 patients with persistently low renin levels 6 had suffered either a stroke or a myocardial infarction and 7 had not. Plasma renin levels were also measured in 116 treated hypertensive patients. There was no relation between plasma renin level and vascular complications. It is concluded that levels of plasma renin are not a reliable index of the probability of hypertensive patients suffering a stroke or myocardial infarction.     

The Relationship between Frontal Lobe Lesions,Course of Post-Stroke Depression,and 1-year Prognosis in Patients with First-Ever Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose

Most studies on post-stroke depression (PSD) have focused on a certain time point after stroke instead of the time course of PSD. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between frontal lobe lesions, course of PSD over a year following the stroke onset, and the 1-year prognosis in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke.

Methods

A total of 1067 patients from the prospective cohort study on the incidence and outcome of patients with post stroke depression in China who were diagnosed with first-ever ischemic stroke and attended 4 follow-up visits at 14±2 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after stroke onset, were enrolled in the study. PSD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV. The course of PSD was divided into the following two categories: persistent/recurrent depression and no/transient depression. Patients with any ischemic lesion responsible for the indexed stroke event located in the frontal lobe were defined as patients with frontal lobe lesions. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≥2 at 1-year was considered to be poor prognosis.

Results

There were 109 patients with and 958 patients without frontal lobe lesions that formed the frontal lobe (FL) and no-frontal lobe (NFL) groups, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, frontal lobe lesion was significantly associated with persistent/recurrent PSD (OR 2.025, 95%CI 1.039–3.949). Overall, 32.7% of patients in the FL group had poor prognosis at 1- year compared with 22.7% in the NFL group (P = 0.021). Compared with no/transient depression, persistent/recurrent depression was found to be an independent predictor of poor prognosis at 1-year both in FL and NFL groups.

Conclusions

Long-term and periodical screening, evaluation and treatment are needed for PSD after the onset of ischemic stroke, particularly for patients with frontal lobe infarction.     

急性脑梗死患者血清Cav-1、VILIP-1、UCH-L1与神经功能损伤程度、脑梗死面积和预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨急性脑梗死（ACI）患者血清陷窝蛋白1（Cav-1）、视锥蛋白样蛋白1（VILIP-1）、泛素羧基末端水解酶1（UCH-L1）与神经功能损伤程度、脑梗死面积和预后的关系。方法：选择2021年6月至2022年6月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的ACI患者120例为ACI组,另选择同期在本院进行健康检查的健康对象76例为对照组;根据美国国立卫生研究院发布的卒中量表（NIHSS）评分将ACI患者神经功能损伤程度分为轻度组、中度组和重度组,根据脑梗死面积分为大面积梗死组、中面积梗死组、小面积梗死组,根据改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分分为预后良好组和预后不良组,比较对照组与ACI组以及ACI各亚组间血清Cav-1、VILIP-1、UCH-L1水平;分析血清Cav-1、VILIP-1、UCH-L1水平与梗死面积、NIHSS评分、mRS评分的相关性,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清Cav-1、VILIP-1、UCH-L1预测ACI神经功能损伤程度、脑梗死面积和预后的价值。结果：血清Cav-1、VILIP-1、UCH-L1水平对照组低于ACI组（P＜0.05）;轻度组低于中度组,中度组低于重度组（P＜0.05）;小面积梗死组低于中面积梗死组,中面积梗死组低于大面积梗死组（P＜0.05）;预后良好组低于预后不良组（P＜0.05）。ACI患者血清Cav-1、VILIP-1、UCH-L1与NIHSS评分、梗死面积及mRS评分呈正相关（P＜0.05）。血清Cav-1、VILIP-1、UCH-L1联合预测ACI神经损伤程度、脑梗死面积、预后的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.927、0.907、0.953,均大于单指标检测。结论：ACI患者血清Cav-1、VILIP-1、UCH-L1水平异常升高,且升高程度与患者神经功能损伤程度、脑梗死面积及预后有关,早期联合检测血清Cav-1、VILIP-1、UCH-L1水平有助于ACI病情及预后评估。     

不同类型脑卒中患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平检测的临床意义

目的:检测不同类型脑卒中患者血清中同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)浓度,探究其临床意义。方法:将2011年2月至2014年10月期间入我院接受治疗的140例脑卒中患者纳入本次研究,作为研究组,其中包含64例脑梗死患者(CI组)、42例脑出血患者(CH组)以及34例短暂性脑缺血发作患者(TIA组),同时以同期135例体检健康者作为对照组。采用循环酶法测定所有研究对象血清Hcy水平,同时采用放射免疫法对其血清内维生素B12、叶酸浓度进行测定。结果:研究组血清Hcy浓度高于对照组,组间差异显著(P0.05);研究组的叶酸及Vit B12低于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组年龄、TC、TG、LDL-C等指标在组间存在差异(P0.05),两组HDL-C差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CI组、CH组、TIA组血清Hcy水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但在CI组、CH组、TIA组三组相互对比中,组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。进展性脑梗死组血清内Hcy浓度高于完全性脑梗死组,组间数据具有显著差异(P0.05)。不同NIHSS评分患者血清内Hcy浓度不同,评分越高,Hcy浓度越高,两者呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)。回归性相关分析,脑卒中发病危险因素为高Hcy、高总胆固醇、高LDL-C、低叶酸、低Vit B12(P0.05)。结论:脑卒中患者与健康人群血清Hcy水平存在差异,不同类型脑卒中血清Hcy水平存在差异,且血清中同型半胱氨酸水平与脑卒中发病存在相关性,因此可以将血清Hcy作为脑卒中预测、诊断及预后判断的重要指标之一。     

脑梗塞患者血清抗心磷脂抗体含量变化的研究

目的探讨脑梗塞患者血清中抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)含量变化的意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对80例脑梗塞患者血清中ACA含量进行检测,并与40例作为对照组进行比较。结果脑梗塞组血清中ACA阳性率明显高于对照组(P<0.01);ACA分型中,脑梗塞组血清中IgG阳性率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论检测血清中ACA含量,可作为研究ACA与脑梗塞关系的一项可靠指标,对脑梗塞的病理机制研究以及对疾病的预防、治疗和预后判断可能有一定帮助。     

Cooperative study on the value of long term anticoagulation in patients with stroke and non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation

The benefits of long term anticoagulant treatment of patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation and cerebral infarction were studied by comparing two series of patients with stroke from centres with different policies on anticoagulant treatment. The long term prognosis of 50 patients from the Oxfordshire community stroke project, who did not receive anticoagulants, was compared with that of 70 similar patients from Maastricht, who were treated with anticoagulants. After a mean follow up of 27 months there was no significant difference in either the rate of survival or the rate of recurrent stroke between the two groups.These data suggest that any benefit of anticoagulation is modest. A large randomised trial is planned to establish whether long term anticoagulant treatment is of value and, if so, to what extent.     

Effects of treatment for hypertension on cerebral haemorrhage and infarction.

One hundred and sixty nine patients admitted to hospital for stroke over 30 months were examined to see whether treating hypertension had influenced the incidence of cerebral haemorrhage and infarction. Seventy eight (46%) of them had normal blood pressure, 47 (28%) previously diagnosed hypertension for which they were receiving treatment, and 44 (26%) previously undiagnosed and untreated hypertension. Haemorrhagic stroke was commoner among patients with untreated hypertension, whereas infarction was commoner in patients with treated hypertension. Infarction and haemorrhage were equally prevalent in patients with normal blood pressure. Effective treatment in this population seemed to have had a substantially different impact on vascular disease, giving rise to cerebral haemorrhage as opposed to infarction. This is consistent with evidence from other studies that treatment for hypertension has little or no effect on the progression of atheroma.