朵丽蝶兰 MADS-box 基因 DtpsMADS1 的克隆与表达特性简

植物MADS-box基因家族编码高度保守的转录因子,参与了包括花器官发育和开花在内的多种发育进程。为阐释兰科植物成花的分子调控机制,根据MADS-box基因保守序列设计简并引物,用RACE方法从朵丽蝶兰花葶中克隆到1个MADS-box家族基因,该基因cDNA全长960 bp,包含37 bp 5′UTR,一个738 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)和185 bp 3′UTR,共编码245个氨基酸。序列和系统进化树分析表明,该基因与其他植物的MADS-box基因具有很高的同源性,属于AP1/FUL-like亚家族,命名为DtpsMADS1,GeneBank登录号为JQ065097。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示：DtpsMADS1具有明显的组织表达特异性;在根和叶中,DtpsMADS1在花前期和花后期表达量较高;苗期和盛花期表达量较低;DtpsMADS1在花葶中的表达趋势与根和叶相似;而在花器官中,DtpsMADS1只有痕量表达。由此推断,DtpsMADS1可能参与开花进程调控,而不参与花器官的形态建成。     

丹参咖啡酸-O-甲基转移酶基因(SmCOMT1)的克隆及其分析

依据丹参转录组数据库得到的咖啡酸-O-甲基转移酶基因序列设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法从丹参分离得到一个新的COMT基因,命名为SmCOMT1(GenBank注册号为JF693491）。该基因cDNA全长1 158 bp,包含一个长为1 095 bp的开放阅读框,编码364个氨基酸。SmCOMT1 gDNA序列长2 275 bp,包含4个外显子和3个内含子。序列分析结果表明,SmCOMT1编码的多肽具有COMT的序列保守元件,与同科植物罗勒COMT编码的多肽高度同源,同源性达到89%。系统进化树分析表明,SmCOMT1与双子叶植物的COMT亲缘关系较近。qRT-PCR结果表明,SmCOMT1基因在丹参不同组织器官中差异表达,其中茎中的表达量最高,并且其表达受茉莉酸甲酯和病原菌的诱导,显示SmCOMT1基因可能在植物防御反应中发挥作用。     

橡胶草HMGR基因的克隆及表达分析

通过比较9种植物的9条甲羟戊酸途径关键酶3-羟基-3甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGR）氨基酸同源区域,设计简并引物,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术首次从橡胶草（Taraxacum kok-saghyz）中克隆了一个HMGR基因,命名为TKHMGR。通过氨基酸序列同源性比对与系统进化分析表明,TKHMGR属于HMGR基因家族的新成员。同时,利用荧光定量方法分析了该基因在不同组织的表达情况。     

油橄榄HMGR基因家族的克隆表达及功能验证

3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR),催化3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A(HMG-Co A)生成甲羟戊酸(MVA),是MVA途径中第一个关键酶。油橄榄是一种重要的经济油料作物,其含有的萜类物质具有重要营养价值,但关于调控萜类物质代谢途径的关键基因研究较少。为研究萜类合成途径关键酶基因HMGR,本研究采用RT-PCR法克隆油橄榄HMGR基因,进行生物信息学分析及构建原核表达载体,对表达蛋白生物活性进行功能验证,并采用荧光定量PCR分析HMGR在油橄榄不同生长阶段的表达量。结果表明:克隆出油橄榄HMGR基因家族的三个基因,分别命名为Oe HMGR1、Oe HMGR2、Oe HMGR3,m RNA ORF的长度分别为1 713 bp、1 773 bp、1 737 bp,编码570、590、578个氨基酸;基因编码蛋白均有2个跨膜区及HMGR催化活性的结构域,不含信号肽;构建了原核表达载体p ET30b(+)-Oe HMGR,转入到大肠杆菌BL21中成功表达,3个重组酶蛋白分子量大小均在66.2~68.0 k D之间,分离纯化重组蛋白进行功能验证,GC-MS检测表明该蛋白具有HMGR催化活性功能;荧光定量PCR分析表明该家族基因在果实和叶片中表达量较高,而在根、茎、花中表达量较低,在开花后45 d、90 d、120 d表达量较低,但在花后165 d表达量上升至较高水平。该研究为进一步鉴定Oe HMGR的功能及油橄榄萜类物质的合成生物学研究奠定基础。     

斑茅δ-OAT基因克隆及其序列分析

利用RT-PCR和RACE技术从斑茅（Erianthus arundinaceus）中分离出编码鸟氨酸-δ-氨基转氨酶基因的全长cDNA序列,序列全长1 680 bp,编码454个氨基酸。通过对哺乳动物、高等植物、微生物的δ-OAT基因编码的氨基酸序列进行同源比对,发现斑茅δ-OAT基因同其近缘属植物甘蔗的同源性最高（87%）,同其他高等植物的同源性次之（约为70%）,而同动物的同源性最低（约为60%）。在斑茅δ-OAT基因编码的氨基酸序列的5′端未发现线粒体定位序列,同甘蔗δ-OAT基因一样。斑茅δ-OAT基因具有完整的鸟氨酸转氨酶功能区rocD。利用定量RCR（real-time PCR）对30%PEG胁迫下的斑茅δ-OAT基因表达量进行研究,结果表明δ-OAT基因在胁迫12 h表达量达到最高,约为对照的4.1倍;胁迫2 h δ-OAT基因表达量反而有所降低。     

油菜BnHMGB2基因的克隆及表达分析

通过RACE技术从陇油6号油菜中克隆得到了一种新的BnHMGB2基因的cDNA,全长823 bp,其中包括438 bp的开放阅读框,131 bp的5′非翻译区（5′UTR）,253 bp的3′非翻译区（3′UTR）。与拟南芥AtHMGB2的同源性达到了87.4%,因此命名为BnHMGB2(GenBank登录号：JN807314)。该基因编码145个氨基酸的蛋白质,分子量15.9 KDa,等电点为5.63。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明该基因在油菜根、茎、叶、下胚轴均有表达,根中表达量最高。同时,该基因的表达受低温胁迫的诱导,表明该基因在油菜适应低温胁迫的过程中发挥作用。     

京大戟hmgr基因家族3个保守区片段的克隆与分析

采用RT-PCR技术以及两条简并引物,以京大戟嫩叶总RNA反转录的cDNA为模板扩增3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶基因的保守区片断。序列分析表明,所克隆的cDNA保守区序列长度为458 bp,而且同时得到了三个不同的核苷酸序列,分别命名为hmgr1、hmgr2、hmgr3。与之前得到的京大戟hmgr保守区片段的核苷酸序列的同源性分别为98.03%、96.29%、78.38%,推断的相应氨基酸序列的同源性分别为98.68％、96.71%和85.53%。推断这可能是该基因家族中的三个新的成员。而且同源序列比对发现,由这三个核苷酸序列推断的氨基酸序列与其它植物都有较高的同源性。种系进化树分析表明hmgr3与hmgr1、hmgr2及以前报道的京大戟的hmgr之间有较大的差别。     

白木香 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶 A 合酶(AsHMGS)基因的克隆与表达分析简

以白木香（Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Gilg）茎cDNA为模板,采用反转录PCR及RACE技术分离得到HMGS基因cDNA全长。序列分析表明该基因序列全长1 831 bp,共编码465个氨基酸,推导的蛋白质分子量为51.4 kD,理论等电点6.25,命名为AsHMGS。推导的AsHMGS蛋白质序列具有植物HMGS酶的典型结构,并预测出HMGS酶的活性中心。系统进化树分析表明,AsHMGS蛋白与拟南芥、琴叶拟南芥、芥菜的相应蛋白相似度最高,其次为人参、喜树和野茶树。荧光定量PCR结果显示,茉莉酸甲酯能诱导白木香AsHMGS的表达。     

白桦开花位点Flowering Locus T（FT）基因的分离及其表达

FT及其同源基因在促进植物成花和发育阶段转变过程中起重要作用。应用RT-PCR和RACE技术分离了白桦FT基因的cDNA,全长为928 bp,其开放阅读框为525 bp,编码174个氨基酸。预测的蛋白质分子量为19.6 kDa,理论等电点为7.73。该预测蛋白序列含有保守的PEBP蛋白结构域,命名为BplFT,并在GenBank注册,登录号为JQ409561。该基因序列同其它16种植物的相似性为74%～93%,其中与无花果（Ficus carica）的相似度最高为93%,与拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）的相似度最低为74%,并构建了该基因序列的进化树。通过qRT-PCR的方法检测BplFT基因在白桦不同时期不同组织中的转录表达,在营养器官的表达高于花器官,成熟组织要高于幼嫩的组织,在成熟茎中的表达量最高,推测BplFT基因在成熟的营养器官发育中起重要作用,并可能参与调控次生细胞壁的形成。另外,选择了白桦雄花序突变体进行该基因的转录表达分析,该基因在突变体雌花序、雄花序、幼叶及幼茎中均为上调表达,预示着BplFT基因不仅仅参与营养组织发育,在花器官发育中也具有一定的作用。     

植物3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶基因研究进展

细胞分裂素、赤霉素、脱落酸、叶绿素、萜类等类异戊二烯物质,是植物中广泛存在的一类代谢产物,在植物生长发育过程中起着非常重要的作用。一些萜类化合物作为药物的合成前体或有效的药用成分在工农业及医药生产上具有重要的经济价值。类异戊二烯物质主要通过甲羟戊酸代谢途径中的一系列酶催化合成,其中,3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, HMGR)是该代谢途径中的第一个关键限速酶,能够将3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A转化成中间代谢产物甲羟戊酸。对植物HMGR基因的克隆、酶结构和功能分析、基因组织表达及调控等方面进行了综述,旨在为其在重要农作物的遗传改良、代谢产物工程植物创制以及植物亲缘关系分析中的应用等研究提供理论依据。     

Cloning and characterization of a novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza involved in diterpenoid tanshinone accumulation

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (MVA), which is a rate-limiting step in the isoprenoid biosynthesis via the MVA pathway. In this study, the full-length cDNA encoding HMGR (designated as SmHMGR2, GenBank accession no. FJ747636) was isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cloned gene was then transformed into the hairy root of S. miltiorrhiza, and the enzyme activity and production of diterpenoid tanshinones and squalene were monitored. The full-length cDNA of SmHMGR2 comprises 1959 bp, with a 1653-bp open reading frame encoding a 550-amino-acid protein. Molecular modeling showed that SmHMGR2 is a new HMGR with a spatial structure similar to other plant HMGRs. SmHMGR2 contains two HMG-CoA-binding motifs and two NADP(H)-binding motifs. The SmHMGR2 catalytic domain can form a homodimer. The deduced protein has an isoelectric point of 6.28 and a calculated molecular weight of approximately 58.67 kDa. Sequence comparison analysis showed that SmHMGR2 had the highest homology to HMGR from Atractylodes lancea. As expected, a phylogenetic tree analysis indicates that SmHMGR2 belongs to plant HMGR group. Tissue expression pattern analysis shows that SmHMGR2 is strongly expressed in the leaves, stem, and roots. Functional complementation of SmHMGR2 in HMGR-deficient mutant yeast JRY2394 demonstrates that SmHMGR2 mediates the MVA biosynthesis in yeasts. Overexpression of SmHMGR2 increased enzyme activity and enhanced the production of tanshinones and squalene in cultured hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Our DNA gel blot analysis has confirmed the presence and integration of the associated SmHMGR2 gene. SmHMGR2 is a novel and important enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of diterpenoid tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza.     

Molecular Cloning of a HMG-CoA Reductase Gene from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is the first committed step in the pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. A full-length cDNA encoding HMGR (designated as EuHMGR, GenBank Accession No. AY796343) was isolated from Eucommia ulmoides by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of EuHMGR comprises 2281 bp with a 1770-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 590-amino-acid polypeptide with two trans-membrane domains revealed by bioinformatic analysis. Molecular modeling showed that EuHMGR is a new HMGR with a spatial structure similar to other plant HMGRs. The deduced protein has an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.89 and a calculated molecular weight of about 63 kDa. Sequence comparison analysis showed that EuHMGR had highest homology to HMGR from Hevea brasiliensis. As expected, phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that EuHMGR belongs to plant HMGR group. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that EuHMGR is strongly expressed in the leaves and stems whereas it is only poorly expressed in the roots, which implies that EuHMGR may be a constitutively expressing gene. Functional complementation of EuHMGR in HMGR-deficient mutant yeast JRY2394 demonstrated that EuHMGR mediates the mevalonate biosynthesis in yeast.     

Molecular cloning,characterization and function analysis of the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euphorbia Pekinensis</Emphasis> Rupr

A new full-length cDNA encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutoryl-Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR; EC1.1.1.34), which catalyzes the first committed step of isoprenoids biosynthesis in MVA pathway, was isolated from young leaves of Euphorbia Pekinensis Rupr. by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for the first time. The full-length cDNA of HMGR (designated as EpHMGR, GenBank Accession NO. EF062569) was 2,200 bp containing a 1,752 bp ORF encoding 583 amino acids. Bioinformatic analyzes revealed that the deduced EpHMGR had extensive homology with other plant HMGRs and contained two transmembrane domains and a catalytic domain. The predicted 3-D model of EpHMGR had a typical spatial structure of HMGRs. Southern blot analysis indicated that at most two copies of EpHMGR gene existed in E. Pekinensis genome. Tissue expression analysis revealed that EpHMGR expressed strongly in roots, weakly in stems and leaves. The functional colour complementation assay indicated that EpHMGR could accelerate the biosynthesis of carotenoids in the Escherichia coli transformant, demonstrating that EpHMGR plays an influential role in isoprenoid biosynthesis.     

Molecular cloning,characterization and expression analysis of a new gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvia miltiorrhiza</Emphasis>

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (MVA), which is the first committed step in MVA pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. In this study, a full-length cDNA encoding HMGR was isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for the first time, which was designated as SmHMGR (GenBank Accession No.EU680958). The full-length cDNA of SmHMGR was 2,115 bp containing a 1,695 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 565 amino acids. Bioinformatic analyzes revealed that the deduced SmHMGR had extensive homology with other plant HMGRs contained two transmembrane domains and a catalytic domain. Molecular modeling showed that SmHMGR is a new HMGR with a spatial structure similar to other plant HMGRs. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that SmHMGR belongs to the plant HMGR super-family and has the closest relationship with HMGR from Picrorhiza kurrooa. Expression pattern analysis implied that SmHMGR expressed highest in root, followed by stem and leaf. The expression of SmHMGR could be up-regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), suggesting that SmHMGR was elicitor-responsive. This work will be helpful to understand more about the role of HMGR involved in the tanshinones biosynthesis at the molecular level.     

Cloning and functional characterization of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene from Withania somnifera: an important medicinal plant

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is one of the most valuable medicinal plants synthesizing a large number of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites known as withanolides, the C₂₈-steroidal lactones derived from triterpenoids. Though the plant has been well characterized in terms of phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities, not much is known about the biosynthetic pathway and genes responsible for biosynthesis of these compounds. In this study, we have characterized the gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR; EC 1.1.1.34) catalyzing the key regulatory step of the isoprenoid biosynthesis. The 1,728-bp full-length cDNA of Withania HMGR (WsHMGR) encodes a polypeptide of 575 amino acids. The amino acid sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis suggest that WsHMGR has typical structural features of other known plant HMGRs. The relative expression analysis suggests that WsHMGR expression varies in different tissues as well as chemotypes and is significantly elevated in response to exposure to salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and mechanical injury. The functional color assay in Escherichia coli showed that WsHMGR could accelerate the biosynthesis of carotenoids, establishing that WsHMGR encoded a functional protein and may play a catalytic role by its positive influence in isoprenoid biosynthesis.     

番茄泛素蛋白基因LeEBF1和LeEBF2的克隆表达分析

通过RACE和RT-PCR方法从番茄中克隆了LeEBF1（EIN3 binding F-box protein 1）和LeEBF2（EIN3 binding F-box protein 2）的全长cDNA序列,两个基因LeEBF1、LeEBF2全长分别是2 866和2 891 bp,对序列的分析表明,它们的开放阅读框分别是1 911和1 995 bp,编码区编码637和665个氨基酸残基,在氨基端含保守的F-box区域和在羧基端有14个亮氨酸重复单位,通过BLAST软件和DNAMAN分析表明这两个基因的氨基酸序列与拟南芥EBF1和EBF2有58.6％相似,同时又与其他物种的EBF蛋白的F-box区域比较有24.4％到73.2％的相近。Northern杂交指出：LeEBF1与LeEBF2在野生型和Nr的幼叶中的表达量高于成熟叶;当在果实发育期,LeEBF1与LeEBF2在青果期的表达量相比其他时期要弱。初步结果表明,LeEBF1与LeEBF2可能在番茄的生长发育中起着重要的作用。     

西伯利亚蓼谷氨酰胺合成酶基因的克隆及碱性盐胁迫下的表达

根据西伯利亚蓼(Polygonum sibiricum Laxm.)地下茎抑制消减文库(SSH)中获得的谷氨酰胺合成酶基因(Glutamin synthetase,GS)EST序列,应用RACE技术克隆了具有Poly A的全长cDNA序列,以下简称为PsGS基因。该序列全长1 273 bp,其5'非翻译区178 bp,3'非翻译区24 bp,开放阅读框编码356个氨基酸残基;根据与其他植物谷氨酰胺合成酶的氨基酸序列的比对以及系统进化分析的结果,确定此基因为谷氨酰胺合成酶基因家族成员;经过SignalP3.0预测该蛋白没有信号肽,无切割位点,为非分泌蛋白。经过ProtParam计算该蛋白的理论等电点为5.55,分子量为39.2 kD,不稳定系数为43.82%,为非稳定蛋白。实时定量PCR分析表明,PsGS在西伯利亚蓼叶、茎、地下茎中均有表达。在3%NaHCO3诱导下,该基因在叶和茎中表达升高,在地下茎中表达受到抑制,推测该基因在抵御碱性盐迫时具有重要作用。