早期游泳运动对慢性温和应激抑郁大鼠学习和记忆能力的影响

目的:探讨早期游泳运动对慢性温和应激(chronic mild stress,CMS)大鼠学习和记忆能力的影响。方法:50只SD大鼠随机分成5组:对照组、模型组、低强度运动组、中等强度运动组、高强度运动组。运动组大鼠按照游泳运动方案运动4 w,糖水消耗实验和强迫游泳实验评价大鼠抑郁程度;Morris水迷宫实验评价大鼠学习记忆能力。结果:模型组大鼠糖水消耗量和游泳不动时间较对照组明显降低(P0.01),低强度运动组和中等强度运动组大鼠较模型组糖水消耗量和游泳不动时间明显增加(P0.05或P0.01);模型组大鼠较对照组逃避潜伏期明显延长,目标象限搜索时间占总游泳时间的百分比和目标象限穿过次数减少,体质量、双侧海马质量和海马相对质量下降(P0.05或P0.01);低强度运动组和中等强度运动组大鼠较模型组比较,潜伏期缩短明显,目标象限搜索时间占总游泳时间的百分比和目标象限穿过次数增加,体质量、双侧海马质量和海马相对质量增加(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:早期游泳运动能减轻慢性温和应激抑郁大鼠的学习记忆的损害,其中低强度和中等强度运动训练作用效果最佳。     

The Effects of Exercise and Zinc Deficiency on Some Elements in Rats

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise and zinc deficiency on some elements in rats. Forty adult male Sprague–Dawley species male rats were allocated to four groups as follows: Group 1: control, Group 2: zinc-deficient, Group 3: exercise in which exercise group fed with a normal diet, Group 4: zinc-deficient exercise, exercise group fed by a zinc-deficient diet for 15 days. After the procedure ended, rats in groups 3 and 4 were exercised on the treadmill for 60 min at a speed of 6 m/min until the exhaustion. The rats were decapitated 48 h after exercise together with their controls, and blood samples were collected to determine copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) levels. The highest Cu and Fe values in the serum were obtained in group 2 (p < 0.01). The levels of these elements in group 4 were lower than those in group 2 and higher than the levels in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.01). Serum Mg levels did not differ significantly between groups. Group 4 had the lowest serum Ca and P levels (p < 0.01). These same parameters in Group 2 were higher than those in group 4 but significantly lower than those in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between Ca and P levels of groups 1 and 3. The results of the study indicate that zinc deficiency adversely affects copper, iron, calcium, and phosphorus mechanisms and that these adverse effects much more marked after an effort exercise.     

运动训练和停训对鲈鲤幼鱼游泳能力的影响

为探讨运动训练和停训对鲈鲤Percocypris pingi幼鱼运动能力的影响,将480尾(体质量为2.18g±0.12g,体长为5.33cm±0.09cm)鲈鲤幼鱼随机分为4组(每组120尾):对照组(C)、无氧训练组(An)、4BL·s^-1组(BL为体长)(H)和2BL·s^-1组(L)(H组和L组每天均训练8h),在15℃±2℃条件下持续训练30d后停训。分别在训练前(T0)、训练30d后(T30)、停训20d后(DT20)和停训50d后(DT50)测定鲈鲤幼鱼的临界游泳速度(Ucrit)和1.5Ucrit条件下的耐受时间。结果显示:(1)持续运动训练显著提高了鲈鲤幼鱼的有氧和无氧运动能力,而力竭运动训练只提高了鲈鲤幼鱼的无氧运动能力;(2)停训20d后,L组的Ucrit显著高于An组和C组,An组、H组和C组间的差异无统计学意义,而An组和H组的耐受时间仍显著高于对照组,L组和C组间的差异无统计学意义;(3)停训50d后,实验组和C组间Ucrit和耐受时间的差异均无统计学意义。因此,运动训练显著提高了鲈鲤幼鱼的有氧和无氧运动能力,但不同训练方式的提升效果及其维持时间不同。     

运动干预对肥胖大鼠睾丸自噬和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨肥胖对大鼠生精小管结构及自噬和凋亡相关蛋白质的影响,并探讨运动对睾丸自噬和凋亡的影响及其调控机制。方法 将50只6周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为标准饲养组（SD组,n=20）和高脂饲养组（HFD组,n=30）。HFD组喂养8周建立肥胖大鼠模型,并随机筛选出20只肥胖大鼠进行运动干预。SD组和HFD组分别随机分为标准对照组（CC组）、标准运动组（CE组）、肥胖对照组（OC组）、肥胖运动组（OE组）,每组10只。其中CE组和OE组进行8周中等强度跑台运动干预,60 min/d,5 d/周,其他两组维持原饲养条件。在最后一次运动结束48 h后,将大鼠腹腔麻醉,称重,取大鼠左右两侧睾丸、称量睾丸重量并计算睾丸指数。制作睾丸石蜡切片,利用HE染色法观察睾丸组织结构。采用蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测睾丸组织中p62、LC3II、LC3I、BCL-2、Bax和AMPK蛋白表达量并计算LC3II/LC3I比值,采用免疫荧光检测睾丸中LC3和BCL-2蛋白表达位置。结果 与CC组相比,OC组大鼠睾丸指数降低,生精小管直径显著降低（P<0.01）,精子细胞减少,睾丸组织中有脂滴沉...     

磁场对急性胃损伤的治疗效应及其机制的实验研究

目的：探讨腹部恒磁场作用,对大鼠急性胃损伤模型的治疗效应及其作用机制.方法：10只健康SD大鼠,以indomethacin胃灌注法复制急性胃损伤模型,以表面磁强度为1300-1600GS,钡铁氧体恒磁场作用大鼠腹部3小时,观察胃损伤指数及病理损伤积分,同时对血浆中内皮素（endothelin,ET）、一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）及超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）水平进行比较.结果：恒磁场腹部作用后,大鼠胃损伤指数及病理损伤积分较对照组均显著减轻（p均〈0.05）;血浆ET-1和NO水平却无无明显改变（p均〉0.05）,血GSH-Px和SOD含量较对照组均明显升高（p均〈0.05）.结论：腹部1300-1600GS恒磁场作用3小时,对大鼠急性胃损伤具有明显的治疗效应,磁场的这一效应可能与其增加血浆中清除氧自由基的GSH-Px和SOD活性有关.     

大鼠急性心肌梗死模型的制备及对肌钙蛋白T的影响

目的探讨建立大鼠急性心肌梗死（AMI）模型的方法,研究心肌梗死大鼠血浆中肌钙蛋白T（cTn-T）的动态变化。方法大鼠经结扎左冠状动脉前降支造成心肌梗死,建立稳定的心肌梗死模型;分别在结扎后31 h、48 h、69 h、168 h检测cTn-T含量和计算心肌梗死重量指数。结果成功制备心肌梗死大鼠模型,并对常规技术进行改进,降低动物死亡率。大鼠左冠状动脉结扎31 h、48 h模型组与假手术组cTn-T含量差异极显著（P〈0.001）;各时间点心肌梗死重量指数比较,差异极显著（P〈0.001）。cTn-T值与梗死重量指数呈显著性正相关（r=0.90,P〈0.01）。结论结合大鼠心肌梗死程度进一步佐证了模型制备较成功。cTn-T表现出特异性和敏感性,并在31 h最接近达峰时间,有早期诊断心肌梗死的价值,也可作为判断AMI时心肌梗死程度和预后的参考指标。     

低氧运动对Nrf2基因敲除大鼠运动能力和氧化应激的影响

Nrf2可调节多种抗氧化酶的表达,Nrf2的缺失可能影响机体的运动能力,而低氧可提高机体的抗氧化能力并改善运动能力。为了考察低氧运动对Nrf2基因敲除大鼠运动能力和氧化应激的影响,本研究分别在常氧和低氧环境(12%氧浓度)中对野生型大鼠和Nrf2敲除大鼠进行4周的跑台运动。研究显示,低氧运动可提高野生型大鼠的跑台运动力竭时间,Nrf2敲除可缩短大鼠的力竭时间;低氧运动可上调大鼠的Nrf2 m RNA表达量;Nrf2敲除明显抑制HIF-1α蛋白表达,而低氧运动可上调野生型和Nrf2敲除大鼠的HIF-1α蛋白表达;Nrf2敲除大鼠的骨骼肌ROS水平明显升高,并且低氧均可降低野生型和Nrf2敲除大鼠骨骼肌ROS水平。低氧运动可上调Nrf2敲除大鼠的CAT和GSH-PX蛋白表达。苏木精和伊红(HE)染色显示,Nrf2敲除大鼠在力竭跑台运动完成后出现更严重的骨骼肌病理改变,而低氧运动可减轻骨骼肌损伤。本研究认为,Nrf2敲除导致了大鼠骨骼肌中抗氧化酶的抑制及ROS的过量累积,从而造成了骨骼肌损伤并降低了运动能力。此外,低氧可通过上调Nrf2的表达,进而激活HIF-1α及抗氧化酶活性,从而提高运动能力,并防止骨骼肌损伤。     

Increased Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Index and Triglyceride Content in the Liver of Rats after a Single Bout of Swimming Exercise

Up-regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is closely related to improved insulin resistance. We investigated whether the SCD indices in tissues were influenced by a single-endurance exercise and low content of dietary medium-chain fatty acid (FA). Wistar rats were fed a long-chain (S) or medium- and long-chain FA (M) diet for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were further assigned to two sub-groups (sedentary, Sed; exercise, Ex). These groups were defined as S-Sed, S-Ex, M-Sed, and M-Ex. The rats in the exercise groups were subjected to swimming exercise for 4 h, and tissue samples were obtained. The exercise significantly increased the triglyceride (TG) content and SCD index only in the liver. In contrast, no such changes were apparent by intake of the M diet. A single bout of endurance exercise increased the hepatic TG content and SCD index which might be effective in protecting against insulin resistance.     

连续摄入小球藻提取物缓解大鼠运动性心肌损伤研究

为探讨小球藻保护大鼠运动因运动造成的心肌损伤,为小球藻科学合理的应用和推广提供理论依据,本研究将60只SD大鼠随机分为5组:对照组(C组)、运动对照组(S组)、运动+低剂量小球藻组(SCL组)、运动+高剂量小球藻组(SCH组),每组12只大鼠。所有参与实验的大鼠每天自由饮水择食,小球藻的摄入采用灌胃器每日灌胃一次。小球藻各组灌胃体积为5 m L/kg,其他组灌入等量生理盐水。安静对照组(C组)笼内自由活动,不进行额外运动,运动对照组(S组)、运动+低剂量小球藻组(SCL组)、运动+高剂量小球藻组(SCH组)进行8周的跑台跑步训练,每周6次。1~4周进行中等强度训练,5~8周进行高强度训练。本研究发现,在大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶含量水平,S组较C组均显著升高(p<0.05)。血清谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶含量,SCL组和SCH组显著低于S组(p<0.05),SCL组和SCH组组间无显著性差异(p>0.05),且随剂量增加而递减。鼠心肌SOD活性方面,S组显著低于C组(p<0.05);SCL组和SCH组显著高于S组(p<0.05),组间随剂量增加而递增;SCH组显著高于SCL组(p<0.05)。血清、心肌CGRP水平,S组显著低于C组(p<0.05);SCL组和SCH组显著低于S组均显著降低(p<0.05)。本研究认为摄入小球藻能够有效消除机体由于长期高强度大负荷运动下产生的过量的自由基;提高机体免疫力,增强血管原生性一氧化氮合酶活性。     

抗阻运动对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠脂肪组织自噬和炎症因子的影响

为探讨运动对肥胖患者自噬活性和内脏脂肪组织炎症反应的影响,本研究将60只肥胖小鼠随机分为高脂饮食组(B)、正常饮食组(C)、正常饮食加耐力运动干预组(D)、正常饮食加耐力运动干预组(E)。D组和E组分别进行10周的耐力和抗阻运动,然后用RT-PCR检测自噬、炎症的基因和蛋白表达。结果显示,三个干预组的Lee指数和BFI均显著降低,2个运动组的Lee指数和BFI均显著降低,但差异无显著性;D组和E组Beclin 1表达较C组显著降低,p62表达明显升高;与C组相比,D组p62显著升高,E组无明显升高;与D组相比,E组Beclin 1基因表达增加,p62蛋白表达降低;与C组相比,D组和E组IL-6和IL-0蛋白表达均显著升高;10周不同运动干预对大鼠减脂效果无差异。运动后内脏脂肪组织的自噬活性受到抑制,尤其是无氧运动;肥胖患者运动干预前后内脏脂肪组织自噬和炎症的变化趋势一致,其中IL-10的变化最为明显。     

不同强度运动对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

通过比较不同强度负荷运动中大鼠心肌细胞的凋亡及其相关基因B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)表达变化的实验研究,试图找出它们之间相互关系的一般规律,为训练制定合理的、适宜的运动负荷提供理论依据.采用8周龄雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为安静对照组(NC)、中等强度运动组(ME)和大强度运动组(HE),测定心肌细胞的凋亡指数和相关基因B细胞淋巴瘤-2,采用HE染色法观察心肌细胞.结果表明:中等强度运动组和大强度运动组的心肌都有细胞凋亡现象.中等强度运动组的心肌细胞凋亡指数显著升高且差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05),不同强度运动组差异无统计学意义.3组均有Bcl-2表达,中等强度运动组和安静对照组相比具有极显著性差异(P<0.01),大强度运动组和安静对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),大强度运动组表达显著低于中等强度运动组(P<0.05).不适宜的运动负荷会造成大鼠心肌细胞凋亡增加,并且可能参与心肌的损害过程.     

Protective Effects of Myricetin on Acute Hypoxia-Induced Exercise Intolerance and Mitochondrial Impairments in Rats

PurposeExercise tolerance is impaired in hypoxia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of myricetin, a dietary flavonoid compound widely found in fruits and vegetables, on acute hypoxia-induced exercise intolerance in vivo and in vitro.MethodsMale rats were administered myricetin or vehicle for 7 days and subsequently spent 24 hours at a barometric pressure equivalent to 5000 m. Exercise capacity was then assessed through the run-to-fatigue procedure, and mitochondrial morphology in skeletal muscle cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The enzymatic activities of electron transfer complexes were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). mtDNA was quantified by real-time-PCR. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 staining. Protein expression was detected through western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence.ResultsMyricetin supplementation significantly prevented the decline of run-to-fatigue time of rats in hypoxia, and attenuated acute hypoxia-induced mitochondrial impairment in skeletal muscle cells in vivo and in vitro by maintaining mitochondrial structure, mtDNA content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and activities of the respiratory chain complexes. Further studies showed that myricetin maintained mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells under hypoxic conditions by up-regulating the expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis-related regluators, in addition, AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) plays a crucial role in this process.ConclusionsMyricetin may have important applications for improving physical performance under hypoxic environment, which may be attributed to the protective effect against mitochondrial impairment by maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis.     

Relationships Between Blood Mg2+ and Energy Metabolites/Enzymes After Acute Exhaustive Swimming Exercise in Rats

Magnesium (Mg) plays a central role in neuronal activity, cardiac excitability, neuromuscular transmission, muscular contraction, vasomotor tone, and blood pressure, all of which are significantly related to physical performance. To date, the available data about detection of blood total Mg (tMg; free-ionized, protein-bound, and anion-complex forms) are inconsistent, and there is limited information on blood free-ionized Mg (Mg²⁺) in relation to physical exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical changes related to energy metabolism after acute exhaustive swimming exercise (AESE) in rats in an attempt to correlate the role of blood Mg²⁺ with metabolites/enzymes related to energy production. After AESE, blood Mg²⁺, tMg, K⁺, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, lactate, total protein (T-PRO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine kinase (CK) were significantly increased, whereas pH, partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation, the Mg²⁺/tMg and Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ ratios, HCO₃ ^?, glucose, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly decreased. During AESE, lactate, T-PRO, albumin, AST, ALP, LDH, CK, CRE, BUN, and UA showed significant positive correlations with changes in blood Mg²⁺, while glucose, TG, and LDL correlated to Mg²⁺ in a negative manner. In conclusion, AESE induced increases in both blood Mg²⁺ and tMg, accompanied by changes in blood metabolites and enzymes related to energy metabolism due to increased metabolic demands and mechanical damages.     

力竭游泳对大鼠不同类型肌纤维自由基代谢和血清酶的影响

本研究观察了负重力竭游泳前后大鼠不同类型肌纤维中与自由基代谢有关的若干指标 ,如丙二醛 (MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和血清肌酸激酶 (CK)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、谷草转氨酶 (GOT)活性的变化     

加味四妙散对尿酸钠诱导急性痛风性关节炎大鼠的疗效机制研究

目的:研究急性痛风性关节炎大鼠应用加味四妙散的疗效,并研究其作用机制。方法:将60只雄性Wistar大鼠按照随机数字法随机分为5组,每组各12只,分组情况为:空白对照组、模型对照组、低剂量组(8.875 g/kg·d)、中剂量组(17.750 g/kg·d)及高剂量组(35.500 g/kg·d)。模型建立后每天灌胃治疗,持续3 d。计算并比较各组大鼠造模后4 h、24 h、48 h、72 h时踝关节的肿胀度。检测并比较各组大鼠血清白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及尿酸(UA)水平。结果:(1)造模24h后,模型对照组大鼠关节肿胀度达到峰值,并且明显大于空白对照组,具有显著性差异(P0.05);模型对照组大鼠关节肿胀度明显大于各剂量组,同时高剂量组大鼠关节肿胀度明显小于中剂量组和低剂量组,均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。造模48 h后,各组大鼠关节肿胀度均继续下降,且各剂量组大鼠关节肿胀度明显小于模型对照组,均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。造模72 h后,各治疗组大鼠关节肿胀度均明显小于模型对照组,同时高剂量组大鼠关节肿胀度明显小于中剂量组和低剂量组,均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。(2)与空白对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α及UA水平均明显偏高,具有显著性差异(P0.05);与模型对照组、低剂量组比较,中剂量组和高剂量组大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α及UA水平均明显偏低,具有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:加味四妙散35.500 g/kg剂量能明显改善急性痛风性关节炎大鼠症状,减轻踝关节肿胀度,降低血清IL-1β、TNF-α及UA水平,对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠具有治疗作用。     

Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation,Antioxidant Enzymes,and Lactate Levels in Rats Immediately After Acute Swimming Exercise

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on lipid peroxidation and lactate levels in rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. Thirty-two adult male rats of Sprague–Dawley type were divided into four groups. Group 1, control; group 2, selenium-supplemented; group 3, swimming control; group 4, selenium-supplemented swimming group. The animals in groups 2 and 4 were supplemented with (i.p.) 6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite for 4 weeks. The blood samples taken from the animals by decapitation method were analyzed in terms of erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (GSH), serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate using the colorimetric method, and serum selenium values using an atomic emission device. In the study, the highest MDA and lactate values were found in group 3, while the highest GSH, GPx and SOD values were obtained in group 4 (p < 0,001). Group 2 had the highest and group 3 had the lowest selenium levels (p < 0,001). Results of the study indicate that the increase in free radical production and lactate levels due to acute swimming exercise in rats might be offset by selenium supplementation. Selenium supplementation may be important in that it supports the antioxidant system in physical activity.     

运动对细胞凋亡的影响

细胞凋亡是一种由基因控制的细胞自主性死亡过程,其性质为生理性细胞死亡。细胞凋亡的研究已成为生物医学领域中最热门的课题之一。运动可以诱导细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡发生的比率和程度与运动形式、运动强度和运动持续时间有关,其机制可能主要包括以下方面：影响凋亡相关基因、自由基的介导使氧化与抗氧化系统失衡,损伤线粒体的结构和功能以及机械损伤。为此就运动对细胞凋亡影响的一些新的研究进展进行了综述。     

运动对细胞凋亡的影响

细胞凋亡是一种由基因控制的细胞自主性死亡过程,其性质为生理性细胞死亡。细胞凋亡的研究已成为生物医学领域中最热门的课题之一。运动可以诱导细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡发生的比率和程度与运动形式、运动强度和运动持续时间有关,其机制可能主要包括以下方面:影响凋亡相关基因、自由基的介导使氧化与抗氧化系统失衡,损伤线粒体的结构和功能以及机械损伤。为此就运动对细胞凋亡影响的一些新的研究进展进行了综述。     

高频电磁场曝露对胃粘膜急性损伤的 治疗效应及作用机制研究

目的：探讨高频电磁场曝露对大鼠胃粘膜急性损伤的治疗效应,以及血管内皮素1（endothelin-1,ET-1）、一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）及超氧化物岐化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）在高频电磁场这一效应中的作用。方法：SD大鼠胃粘膜急性损伤模型采用indomethaein灌胃法复制,高频电磁场曝露的条件为频率40．68MHz,电流输出30—50mA,曝露15min,1／d,对照组电磁场曝露条件相同,但无电流输出,观察电磁场曝露1或6次后大鼠胃粘膜损伤程度以及血浆ET-1、NO和SOD水平的变化。结果：电磁场曝露1次后,急性胃损伤大鼠胃粘膜损伤程度较对照组并无显著性差异（p〉0．05）,血ET-1和NO水平均明显增高（P均〈0．05）;曝露6次后,胃粘膜损伤程度较对照组明显改善（P〈0．05）,但血ET-1和NO水平则与对照组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,血SOD水平在电磁场曝露1或6次后均无显著意义的变化（P均〉0．05）。结论：40．68MHz高频电磁场30—50mA曝露对大鼠胃粘膜急性损伤,呈现出有效的治疗效应,高频电磁场这一作用机制与ET-1、NO及SOD无关。