豚鼠胆囊内CGRP免疫反应阳性神经纤维的分布特点

应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法，研究了降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）免疫反应阳性神经纤维在豚鼠胆囊内的分布及分布特点。结果表明：胆囊内有较丰富的ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维，它们多呈念珠状膨大，在血管壁内及血管周围区域数量较多。胆囊颈部和胆囊管ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维的分布多于胆囊底部和体部。提示ＣＧＲＰ对胆囊的功能有调节作用。     

降钙素受体刺激肽：降钙素基因相关肽家族的新成员

降钙素基因相关肽 (ｃａｌｃｉｔｏｎｉｎ ｇｅｎｅｒｅｌａｔｅｄｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ ,ＣＧＲＰ)家族包括五个成员 :降钙素 (Ｃａｌｃｉｔｏｎｉｎ ,ＣＴ)、胰淀粉样酶 (Ａｍｙｌｉｎ)、两种降钙素基因相关肽和肾上腺髓质素 (ａｄｒｅｎｏｍｅｄｕｌｌｉｎ ,ＡＤＭ)。ＣＧＲＰ和其受体在体内广泛分布 ,是目前已知最强的内源性扩血管肽 ;ＣＴ主要参与体内的钙代谢 ;Ａｍｙｌｉｎ位于胰腺的 β细胞 ,可能与Ⅱ型糖尿病有关 ;ＡＤＭ的生物学作用与ＣＧＲＰ相似 ,亦具有强的扩血管作用。ＫａｔａｆｕｃｈｉＴ等将在 2 0 0 3年的ＪＢｉｏｌＣｈｅｍ杂…     

降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)mRNA在大鼠淋巴细胞中的表达

最近,我们研究发现大鼠胸腺和淋巴结淋巴细胞中存在降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）样免疫反应活性。应用人工合成的可特异扩增降钙素／降钙素基因相关肽基因部分片断的寡核苷酸引物,通过逆转录－多聚酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）,检测在大鼠脊髓背根神经节、胸腺细胞及肠系膜淋巴结淋巴细胞中是否存在ＣＧＲＰ ｍＲＮＡ,进一步研究大鼠淋巴细胞能否合成ＣＧＲＰ。结果显示,通过ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ从脊髓背根神经节（阳性对照）、胸腺和淋     

降钙素的基因结构与表达调控

降钙素与降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＴ／ＣＧＲＰ）基因编码一组多肽,即降钙素（ＣＴ）、降钙素的Ｎ端肽和Ｃ端肽、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）及淀粉不溶素（Ａｍｙｌｉｎ）。ＣＴ／ＣＧＲＰ基因转录而成的ｍＲＮＡ前体,在不同组分中通过选择性加工形成ＣＴ ｍＲＮＡ或ＣＧＲＰｍＲＮＡ,再通过翻译及蛋白质加工,最后形成成熟的降钙素或降钙素基因相关肽。本简单介绍一下降钙素的基因结构及表达调控方面的研究进展。     

脑室内注射降钙素基因相关肽对压力感受性反射的抑制

脑室内注射降钙素基因相关肽对压力感受性反射的抑制张继峰唐朝枢１（廊坊师范专科学校生物系,廊坊１０２８４９;１北京医科大学心血管研究所）降钙素基因相关肽（Ｃａｌｃｉｔｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｅｒｅｌａｔｅｄｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ,ＣＧＲＰ）是１９８３年Ｒｏｓｅｎｆｅｌ...     

恒河猴肺内CGRP及CGRP mRNA免疫组织化学和原位杂交的研究

本实验采用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ－ＧＤＮ法和地高辛标记寡核苷酸探针原位杂交技术,研究了降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）及其ｍＲＮＡ在恒河猴内的表达。结果显示ＣＧＲＰ分布于恒河猴肺内各级支气管粘膜上皮的神经内分泌细胞（ＮＥＣ）和神经上皮样小体（ＮＥＢ）中。ＣＧＲＰ杂交阳性细胞的分布与免疫组织化学的结果相同。ＣＧＲＰ ｍＲＮＡ杂交信号均匀分布于整个细胞质,而ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应物仅在神经内分泌细胞的基部更明显,说     

降钙素基因相关肽对小鼠肠道集合淋巴结T细胞及腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响

本工作观察了降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）对小鼠肠集合淋巴小结（ＰＰ结）Ｔ细胞和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响。结果表明：ＣＧＲＰ能明显抑制ＰＰ结Ｔ淋巴细胞的转化,并且这种作用与Ｔ细胞的分化增殖状态有明显关系。此外ＣＧＲＰ对腹腔巨噬细胞ＤＮＡ和蛋白质的合成也有明显的抑制作用。以上结果提示ＣＣＲＰ可能作为一种抑制型的神经内分泌免疫调节肽而对肠道免疫功能发挥着重要的调节作用。     

降钙素基因相关肽对小鼠肠道集合淋巴结T细胞及腹腔巨噬细…

本工作观察了降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）对小鼠肠集合淋巴小结（ＰＰ结）Ｔ细胞和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响。结果表明：ＣＧＲＰ能明显抑制ＰＰ结Ｔ淋巴细胞的转化,并且这种作用与Ｔ细胞的分化增殖状态有明显关系。此外ＣＧＲＰ对腹腔巨噬细胞ＤＮＡ和蛋白质的合成也有明显的抑制作用。以上结果提示ＣＧＲＰ可能作为一种抑制型的神经内分泌免疫调节肽而对肠道免疫功能发挥着重要的调节作用。     

降钙素基因相关肽的研究进展

降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）是由３７个氨基酸残基构成的生物活性多肽,与降钙素（ＣＴ）源子一个共同的基因。ＣＧＲＰ分布广泛,具有很强的血管扩张、降低血压以及心肌正性肌力作用等,并参与心血管系统稳态的调节。目前,ＣＧＲＰ已能人工合成,将为某些心血管疾病如高血压、心肌缺血、痉挛性或闭塞性周围血管疾病等的治疗提供一条崭新的途径。     

垂体柄切断对腺垂体降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应神经纤维的影响

垂体柄切断对腺垂体降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应神经纤维的影响焦凯朱运龙陈健康鞠躬１王复周（第四军医大学生理教研室１神经科学研究所,西安７１００３２）近年来形态学研究表明,在多种哺乳动物的垂体前叶存大量肽能神经纤维,其中Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）和降钙素基因相关肽（Ｃ...     

大鼠胃、胰CGRP阳性细胞的免疫组织化学观察

用免疫组织化学ABC法观察了大鼠胃,胰CGRP的分布。结果显示;（1）在大鼠胃内有大量的CGRP阳性神经纤维存在。未见CGRP阳性神经元。（2）大鼠胃窦部可见到少量CGRP阳性细胞：（3）在大鼠胰岛内有两种CGRP阳性内分泌细胞存在。     

Coexistence of calcitonin gene-related peptide and galanin immunoreactivity in female rat pelvic and lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia.

Coexistence of immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and galanin (GAL) was examined in varicose nerve endings in female rat pelvic paracervical ganglia (PG) and in perikarya of lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Varicose peptide-containing nerves were closely adjacent to somata of neurons in the PG, certain somata being virtually surrounded by immunoreactive varicosities. Some nerve endings were immunoreactive for either CGRP or GAL; in others, immunoreactivity for CGRP and GAL coexisted. Likewise, many perikarya in DRG were CGRP immunoreactive, fewer were GAL immunoreactive, and in some immunoreactivity for CGRP and GAL coexisted. The results suggest there are subpopulations of neuropeptide-containing sensory nerve endings in the PG; some contain CGRP, some contain GAL, and in some CGRP and GAL coexist. These substances contained in sensory nerve endings could have important roles in pelvic ganglionic functions.     

Production and characterisation of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from a CGRP receptor-positive cloned osteosarcoma cell line (UMR 106.01)

A subclone of an osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line (UMR 106.01) has recently been shown to possess specific binding sites for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) linked to adenylate cyclase. The present study provides the first demonstration for the production of immunoreactive CGRP from CGRP-receptor positive osteosarcoma cells. Mean immunoreactive CGRP levels were 15 pmol/g and 1 pmol/l for acid extracts of cells and cell-exposed media respectively. On gel filtration and high performance liquid chromatography, a major proportion of immunoreactive CGRP was found to co-elute with synthetic rat CGRP(1-37). Only negligible quantities of calcitonin were detected in cell extracts or cell-exposed supernatant. The production of authentic CGRP from a CGRP-receptor positive tumour suggests that the peptide may have autocrine effects on its producer cell.     

Ontogeny of calcitonin gene-related peptide and calcitonin in the rat thyroid

In this immunohistochemical study, the ontogenic development of calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the rat thyroid was investigated and compared with that of calcitonin using the indirect-immunofluorescence method. Parafollicular cells with immunoreactivity to both CGRP and calcitonin first appeared at an early stage of gestation (days 17 and 18) in the central portion of the thyroid. Cells immunoreactive to CGRP and calcitonin had became numerous by gestational day 22. After postnatal day 7, CGRP- and calcitonin-immunoreactive (C-IR) cells increased rapidly both in number and in the intensity of their fluorescence. In 14- to 90-day old rats, many intensely immunoreactive cells were distributed in the central portion of the thyroid. The cells immunoreactive to CGRP and to calcitonin had an almost identical ontogenic appearance. In 14-day-old and adult rats, C-IR cells also exhibited CGRP immunostaining, suggesting that these cells simultaneously produce and store CGRP during ontogeny.     

Ontogeny of calcitonin gene-related peptide and calcitonin in the rat thyroid

Summary In this immunohistochemical study, the ontogenic development of calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the rat thyroid was investigated and compared with that of calcitonin using the indirect-immunofluorescence method. Parafollicular cells with immunoreactivity to both CGRP and calcitonin first appeared at an early stage of gestation (days 17 and 18) in the central portion of the thyroid. Cells immunoreactive to CGRP and calcitonin had became numerous by gestational day 22. After postnatal day 7, CGRP- and calcitonin-immunoreactive (CIR) cells increased rapidly both in number and in the intensity of their fluorescence. In 14- to 90-day old rats, many intensely immunoreactive cells were distributed in the central portion of the thyroid. The cells immunoreactive to CGRP and to calcitonin had an almost identical ontogenic appearance. In 14-day-old and adult rats, C-IR cells also exhibited CGRP immunostaining, suggesting that these cells simultaneously produce and store CGRP during ontogeny.     

Light- and electron-microscopical localization of calcitonin,calcitonin gene-related peptide,somatostatin and C-terminal gastrin/cholecystokinin immunoreactivities in rat thyroid

Summary Parafollicular C cells of the rat thyroid contain several immunoreactive peptides including calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), somatostatin and a C-terminal gastrin/CCK immunoreactive epitope as shown at the light-and electron-microscopical levels. Adult thyroid C cells are strongly immunoreactive to CT and most of the cells also react strongly with CGRP antisera and weakly with a gastrin/CCK antiserum. The latter antiserum may cross-react with CGRP. This cross-reactivity probably only occurs at very high concentrations of CGRP observed in adult thyroid C cells, but not in intrathyroidal CGRP-containing nerves, nor in early neonatal C cells. In neonatal rats, somatostatin immunoreactive C cells are numerous and most of these cells are also CT and CGRP immunoreactive. In contrast, only few C cells display somatostatin immunoreactivity in adult rat thyroids. Sequential staining experiments revealed that some thyroidal C cells simultaneously express all four types of immunoreactivity. At the electron microscopical level, all of these immunoreactivities were observed in secretory granules of C cells. Double- and triple-staining experiments, moreover, documented that some peptides are co-localized in the same granules.     

Light- and electron-microscopical localization of calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, somatostatin and C-terminal gastrin/cholecystokinin immunoreactivities in rat thyroid

Parafollicular C cells of the rat thyroid contain several immunoreactive peptides including calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), somatostatin and a C-terminal gastrin/CCK immunoreactive epitope as shown at the light- and electron-microscopical levels. Adult thyroid C cells are strongly immunoreactive to CT and most of the cells also react strongly with CGRP antisera and weakly with a gastrin/CCK antiserum. The latter antiserum may cross-react with CGRP. This cross-reactivity probably only occurs at very high concentrations of CGRP observed in adult thyroid C cells, but not in intrathyroidal CGRP-containing nerves, nor in early neonatal C cells. In neonatal rats, somatostatin immunoreactive C cells are numerous and most of these cells are also CT and CGRP immunoreactive. In contrast, only few C cells display somatostatin immunoreactivity in adult rat thyroids. Sequential staining experiments revealed that some thyroidal C cells simultaneously express all four types of immunoreactivity. At the electron microscopical level, all of these immunoreactivities were observed in secretory granules of C cells. Double- and triple-staining experiments, moreover, documented that some peptides are co-localized in the same granules.     

Calcitonin gene-related peptide: an inhibitor of guinea pig gallbladder contraction.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) relaxes vascular and intestinal smooth muscle. This study localized CGRP in the guinea pig gallbladder, examined the effects of CGRP on KCl- and ACh-induced contraction, and determined CGRPs site of action in the gallbladder. The gallbladder of male Hartley guinea pigs was used in in vitro tension studies, radioimmunoassay, or immunocytochemical studies. Radioimmunoassay showed that 8.0 +/- 0.5 pmol/g of immunoreactive CGRP was present. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that immunoreactive-CGRP nerve fibers occurred around blood vessels, in gallbladder smooth muscle layers, and were associated with ganglia. No immunoreactive cell bodies were observed, even after colchicine treatment. The in vitro tension studies showed that CGRP inhibits either KCl- or acetylcholine-stimulated contraction. CGRP may in part act directly on the gallbladder smooth muscle to inhibit contraction.     

坐骨神经结扎后大鼠背根神经节和脊髓CGRP表达的变化

目的研究大鼠坐骨神经结扎后降钙素基因相关肽(calcitoningene-relatedpeptide,CGRP)表达变化。方法SD大鼠随机分为假手术对照组和坐骨神经结扎组,实验组结扎后分别存活1、3、5、7、14、21和28d(n=8),免疫荧光(双标法)和免疫组织化学(SABC法)观察术后不同时间点CGRP和NGF在坐骨神经、背根神经节(dorsalrootganglion,DRG)和脊髓的表达变化,Westernblot结合图像分析技术对不同时间的变化进行定量测定。结果术后1d结扎远端坐骨神经内NGF大量堆积,持续到28d仍高于正常。结扎后7dDRG内CGRP阳性细胞百分率减少,持续到28d仍低于正常;结扎后14d脊髓后角CGRP下降,28d仍低于正常,各时间点脊髓前角CGRP表达未见明显变化。结论神经结扎可导致DRG和脊髓后角的CGRP表达下调,可能与靶源性的NGF来源减少有关。     

Molecular characterization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in a rat medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line

The rat medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line, CA-77, is known to express the calcitonin gene and the cell line has been used for characterization of procalcitonin. The present investigations concentrate on a molecular characterization of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expressed by a subclone of this cell line. The investigations demonstrate that this subclone produces significantly more CGRP compared to calcitonin. Gel chromatography of cell extracts demonstrates heterogeneity for both CGRP and calcitonin, but a significant amount of immunoreactivity elutes corresponding to the elution position for synthetic CGRP and calcitonin, respectively. The gel chromatogram for CGRP demonstrates four immunoreactive peaks with K_d of 0.42, 0.53, 0.68, and 0.85. The immunoreactive peak with K_d 0.42 elutes corresponding to synthetic rat CGRP. The four immunoreactive peaks were characterized by high pressure liquid chromatography followed by sequence analysis and mass spectrometry. The immunoreactive peak with K_d 0.42 was identified as rat -CGRP as was the peak with K_d 0.53. The peak with K_d 0.68 was identified as 19–37 rat -CGRP and the peak with K_d 0.85 as 28–37 rat -CGRP. In summary, we find that the CA-77 cell line expresses large quantities of normally processed amidated -CGRP and specific fragments thereof. However, the cell line does not express detectable levels of rat β-CGRP. The findings indicate that the CA-77 cell line can be useful for studies of calcitonin/CGRP gene expression.