中国汉族女性长骨碎片的身高推断

本文作者通过对69副有生前确切资料的中国汉族女性四肢长骨的研究,在女性四肢长骨推断身高的基础上,参考国内外学者的研究方法,选择左右侧肱骨,尺骨,桡骨,股骨,胫骨,腓骨的局部测量项目,其中肱骨8项,尺骨3项,桡骨3项,股骨14项,胫骨8项,腓骨3项,用SPSS软件包对测量项目进行统计分析,建立了中国汉族女性破碎长骨推断身高的回归方程。本文所建方程可以用于中国汉族女性破碎长骨的身高推断,其中肱骨,股骨,胫骨碎片推断身高的效果较好。     

AO钢板治疗青壮年桡骨远端骨折

桡骨远端骨折是一种多发性骨折,约占全身骨折发生率的1/6。传统的分型分为Colles骨折、Smith骨折和Barton骨折;AO分型为A型干骺端骨折,B型部分关节内骨折和C型完全关节内骨折。目前治疗桡骨远端骨折多采用小夹板、石膏托外固定居多。对A型及部分B型骨折,获得较好的疗效。而对于     

两种方法治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效比较研究

目的:比较采用T形钢板内固定和闭合复位石膏外固定这两种方法治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效研究。方法:选取我院2008年3月至2011年12月间的76例桡骨远端骨折患者,并按照治疗方法不同分为2组,41例患者进行T形钢板内固定,其余35例患者进行复位后石膏外固定。并借助X线对比分析桡骨远端骨折复位前后及临床愈合时桡骨腕关节的掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨轴向缩短长度变化等数据,并根据改良的Shea评定法对临床疗效进行比较。结果:针对桡骨远端不稳定型骨折的患者,T形钢板内固定组的优良率要优于石膏外固定组的疗效(P<0.05);而对于稳定性桡骨远端骨折的患者,两组之间的优良率没有明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:对于桡骨远端不稳定骨折的患者,应优先选择T形钢板内固定手术方法,而对于稳定性骨折患者这两种治疗方法均可采用。     

石膏固定和外固定支架在老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折中的疗效比较

目的:分析石膏固定和外固定支架在治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折中的治疗效果,为临床治疗提供参考依据.方法:选取在我院诊治的93例老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同分为石膏固定组和外固定支架组,并采用Jakim评分系统对两组患者腕关节功能进行评价.结果:术后6个月,石膏固定组主观指标评分为(26.7±2.2)分,支架组为(22.3±2.6)分,经t检验,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;石膏固定组优良率为83.3％,支架组为86.3％,经卡方检验,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论:手法复位石膏固定固定和闭合复位外固定支架固定治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折均有较好的治疗效果,石膏固定疗法更易被老年患者接受.     

Pilon 骨折的分型与治疗进展

本文回顾了Pilon骨折的诊断、分型及治疗发展,Pilon骨折特点是高能量损伤累及踝关节负重关节面的胫骨远端骨折,常伴有腓骨骨折和下胫腓关节分离。20世纪中期Pilon骨折被认为无法通过内固定进行治疗,公认的方法是通过骨牵引使关节早期模造获得关节功能的恢复。20世纪后期随着AO理论的深入研究,学术界广泛认同所有关节内骨折的理想治疗方法是解剖复位、坚强固定和早期活动。此后,随着内固定技术的发展及骨科BO理论的出现,目前普遍认为Pilon骨折的治疗应遵循的原则是:1.寻求骨折稳固和软组织完整之间的一种平衡;2.不以牺牲局部软组织血供来强求达到坚强固定。     

掌侧DVR^TM-Anatomic钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折20例临床疗效研究

目的：探讨切开复位掌侧解剖锁定加压钢板（DVR-Anatomic）内固定在桡骨远端骨折治疗中的临床疗效。方法：对20例桡骨远端骨折患者经掌侧切口进行切开复位、DVR^TM-Anatomic内固定,并随访其骨折愈合情况及远期功能效果。结果：所有病例均获随访,平均随访时间为11.3个月（3～20个月）。所有骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为65d（56～84 d）,无伤口感染、骨不连、内固定断裂脱出、伸指受限等并发症。运用DASH调查表和PRWE评分了解上肢的症状及从事日常活动的能力,且在末次随访时两种评分系统的平均值分别为9.58±14.87和13.73±18.42。结论：对于桡骨远端不稳定骨折掌侧入路DVR-Anatomic钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折临床疗效满意,值得推广。     

扬子鳄附肢的组织发生

本文在２２例扬子鳄胚胎中观察了附肢的组织发生过程。孵化第６天,前、后肢芽形成处的组织开始向外隆起。第８天,前、后肢芽突出呈乳状。第１４天,前、后肢芽基部的中胚层浓缩,开始形成肱骨、股骨软骨原基。第１６天,前肢的桡骨、尺骨及后肢的胫骨、腓骨软骨原基出现,软骨原基周围的骨骼肌亦开始分化。第１８天,肱骨、股骨、桡骨、胫骨、腓骨均发生明显的软骨化,前肢尺骨尚未发生软骨化,后肢跖软骨原基形成。第２０天,前肢掌骨原基及后肢的第１、２、３趾骨原基出现。第２４天,前肢第１、２、３、４指骨原基清晰,后肢第１、２、３、４趾骨基节软骨化明显,趾肌开始分化。第３０天,前、后肢的指（趾）骨均发生明显的软骨化,前肢掌骨以上诸骨和后肢跖骨以上诸骨的软骨化趋于成熟,其周围的骨骼肌已较发达。本文着重讨论了扬子鳄附肢组织发生的规律和特点。     

掌侧DVRTM-Anatomic钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折20例临床疗效研究

目的:探讨切开复位掌侧解剖锁定加压钢板(DVR-Anatomic)内固定在桡骨远端骨折治疗中的临床疗效.方法:对20例桡骨远端骨折患者经掌侧切口进行切开复位、DVRTM-Anatomic内固定,并随访其骨折愈合情况及远期功能效果.结果:所有病例均获随访,平均随访时间为11.3个月(3～20个月).所有骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为65d(56～84d),无伤口感染、骨不连、内固定断裂脱出、伸指受限等并发症.运用DASH调查表和PRWE评分了解上肢的症状及从事日常活动的能力,且在末次随访时两种评分系统的平均值分别为9.58±14.87和13.73±18.42.结论:对于桡骨远端不稳定骨折掌侧入路DVR-Anatomic钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折临床疗效满意,值得推广.     

桡骨远端不稳定骨折的治疗策略

目的：探讨桡骨远端不稳定骨折的最佳治疗方案,以便能够获取更好的功能康复。方法：2007年1月-2011年12月共收治桡骨远端不稳定骨折51例,其中采用外支架撑开复位外固定5例,后路复位钢板内固定治疗23例,前路钢板固定17例,前后路联合固定6例,术后均早期进行关节功能锻炼。结果：51例均获得随访,X片提示均已骨性愈合。采用Gartland和Werley评分系统评估腕关节功能,其中外支架固定,优1例,良1例,中2例,差1例,优良率40％;后路固定,优12例,良6例,中3例,差2例,优良率78-3％;前路固定,优9例,良6例,中1例,差1例,优良率88．2％;前后路联合,优2例,良1例,中2例。差1例,优良率50％。结论：桡骨远端不稳定骨折正确的手术策略能够获得更好的功能恢复,其中前路手术固定效果优于后路固定。     

桡骨远端骨折治疗的选择

目的：探讨不同类型的桡骨远端骨折的有效治疗方法。方法：分析106例桡骨远端骨折,分别采用闭合手法复位,切开复位或有限切开复位内固定方法,分别对骨折复位比较及功能评分。结果：完整随访106例桡骨远端骨折病例,随访时间3～21个月。对保守治疗组与手术治疗组进行骨折复位测定及改良Garland和Werley评分,A,B型骨折无显著性差异;C型骨折中,手术组明显优于保守治疗组。结论：对于C型骨折,建议行切开复位内固定治疗;对于A,B型需根据实际情况选择治疗方式。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000