Integron-bearing methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in South China, 2001-2004.

A total of 53 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains isolated in a hospital in Guangzhou, China, were analyzed to detect class 1 integrons and SCCmec typing. Thirty strains had the class 1 integrase (intI1) gene and 26 strains possessed the 3' conserved region of qacEDelta1-sul1. Four different types of gene cassette arrays were found and a highly prevalent array of dfrA12-orfF-aadA2 gene cassettes was observed. Thirty class 1 integron-positive coagulase-negative staphylococci strains were subjected to Southern hybridization analysis; the result showed that class 1 integrons were located on chromosome, not plasmid. According to the results of SCCmec typing for 30 integron-bearing MRCNS strains, five, 15 and five strains belonged to type I, II and III SCCmec, respectively, and five strains were untypeable. For 23 non-integron-bearing methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains, four, nine and seven strains belonged to type I, II and III SCCmec, respectively, and three strains were untypeable. None of the strains belonged to type IV or V. Twenty-three coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates of three Staphylococcal species that contained the dfrA12-orfF-aadA2 gene cassette array were phylogenetically unrelated to each other by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, indicating that the gene cassettes might be disseminated in the clinical strains by a horizontal gene transfer.     

Coeficiente de Engel y calidad dietaria en hogares argentinos habitados por adultos mayores (2004-2018)

Background and objectivesTo determine if there were alterations in the proportion of spending that Argentine households of older adults spend on the purchase of food (Engel's coefficient) and other goods and services, as well as to evaluate the dietary quality of the members of these households.Materials and methodsFrom the last three waves of the National Household Expenditure Survey (2004-2005, 2012-2013 and 2017-2018) those households in the province of Buenos Aires inhabited by older adults are filtered and carried out. Median difference tests for the proportion of spending these households spend on food and other goods and services. In turn, the per capita quantities acquired from 17 food groups are compared with the quantities recommended in the dietary guidelines for the Argentine population.ResultsA statistically significant reduction is found in the median of the proportion of spending that older adults in the province of Buenos Aires spend on the purchase of food, in combination with a statistically significant increase in the proportion of spending directed to equipment and operation home, education and various services. However, the amounts purchased of milk and yogurt and vegetables A and B are insufficient in relation to those recommended, while the consumption of meat is excessive.ConclusionsAlthough economic theory would interpret a reduction in the Engel coefficient as an indication of improved well-being, it should be taken into account that these households might not be following an optimal diet if they consumed the amounts of food that they claim to buy.