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1.
Virus‐induced gene silencing of Withania somnifera squalene synthase negatively regulates sterol and defence‐related genes resulting in reduced withanolides and biotic stress tolerance
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Anup Kumar Singh Varun Dwivedi Avanish Rai Shaifali Pal Sajjalavarahalli Gangireddy Eswara Reddy Dodaghatta Krishnarao Venkata Rao Ajit Kumar Shasany Dinesh A. Nagegowda 《Plant biotechnology journal》2015,13(9):1287-1299
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Virus‐induced gene silencing in Catharanthus roseus by biolistic inoculation of tobacco rattle virus vectors
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E. Marais A. Lanoue S. Besseau N. Papon M. Clastre T. Dugé de Bernonville G. Glévarec L. Atehortùa A. Oudin V. Courdavault 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2015,17(6):1242-1246
Catharanthus roseus constitutes the unique source of several valuable monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including the antineoplastics vinblastine and vincristine. These alkaloids result from a complex biosynthetic pathway encompassing between 30 and 50 enzymatic steps whose characterisation is still underway. The most recent identifications of genes from this pathway relied on a tobacco rattle virus‐based virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach, involving an Agrobacterium‐mediated inoculation of plasmids encoding the two genomic components of the virus. As an alternative, we developed a biolistic‐mediated approach of inoculation of virus‐encoding plasmids that can be easily performed by a simple bombardment of young C. roseus plants. After optimisation of the transformation conditions, we showed that this approach efficiently silenced the phytoene desaturase gene, leading to strong and reproducible photobleaching of leaves. This biolistic transformation was also used to silence a previously characterised gene from the alkaloid biosynthetic pathway, encoding iridoid oxidase. Plant bombardment caused down‐regulation of the targeted gene (70%), accompanied by a correlated decreased in MIA biosynthesis (45–90%), similar to results obtained via agro‐transformation. Thus, the biolistic‐based VIGS approach developed for C. roseus appears suitable for gene function elucidation and can readily be used instead of the Agrobacterium‐based approach, e.g. when difficulties arise with agro‐inoculations or when Agrobacterium‐free procedures are required to avoid plant defence responses. 相似文献
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该研究采用病毒诱导基因沉默技术(VIGS),以生长到第8片真叶期的穿心莲植株为实验材料,沉默参与穿心莲内酯生物合成的ent-柯巴基焦磷酸合酶基因(ApCPS),用半定量和荧光定量PCR检测病毒诱导沉默后ApCPS及其上游基因的表达,用HPLC法检测ApCPS沉默后穿心莲内酯的积累变化,同时检测茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理后ApCPS及上游基因的表达,以全面分析穿心莲内酯代谢以及ApCPS在穿心莲内酯生物合成中的作用机制,验证其在植物体内的功能。结果显示:(1)ApCPS基因被成功沉默,基因表达显著下调,进而引起上游牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶基因(GGPS)的表达下调,而3-羟-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶基因(HMGR)和1-脱氧木酮糖-5-磷酸合成酶基因(DXS)的表达未受影响。(2)ApCPS基因沉默15d后穿心莲内酯积累量显著下降,表明ApCPS是穿心莲内酯生物合成关键酶基因,且能够负反馈影响上游基因表达。(3)茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)显著诱导ApCPS及上游基因HMGR、DXS和GGPS的表达,表明穿心莲内酯生物合成基因受到MeJA的广泛调控。该研究首次使用VIGS证明ApCPS参与到穿心莲内酯生物合成,为利用该技术鉴定穿心莲内酯生物合成途径中其他基因功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Yihua Ma Qingwen Chen Yaoyao Wang Fengxia Zhang Chengyuan Wang Guodong Wang 《植物学报(英文版)》2023,65(5):1170-1182
Terpenes are the largest and most diverse class of plant specialized metabolites. Sesterterpenes(C25), which are derived from the plastid methylerythritol phosphate pathway,were recently characterized in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, four genes encoding geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase(GFPPS)(AtGFPPS1 to 4) are responsible for the production of GFPP, which is the common precursor for sesterterpene biosynthesis. However,the interplay between sesterterpenes and other known terpenes remain e... 相似文献
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The anticancer agents vinblastine and vincristine are bisindole alkaloids derived from coupling vindoline and catharanthine, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids produced exclusively by the Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Industrial production of vinblastine and vincristine currently relies on isolation from C. roseus leaves, a process that affords these compounds in 0.0003–0.01% yields. Metabolic engineering efforts to either improve alkaloid content or provide alternative sources of the bisindole alkaloids ultimately rely on the isolation and characterization of the genes involved. Several vindoline biosynthetic genes have been isolated, and the cellular and subcellular organization of the corresponding enzymes has been well studied. However, due to the leaf-specific localization of vindoline biosynthesis, and the lack of production of this precursor in cell suspension and hairy root cultures of C. roseus, further elucidation of this pathway demands the development of reverse genetics approaches to assay gene function in planta. The bipartite pTRV vector system is a Tobacco Rattle Virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) platform that has provided efficient and effective means to assay gene function in diverse plant systems. A VIGS method was developed herein to investigate gene function in C. roseus plants using the pTRV vector system. The utility of this approach in understanding gene function in C. roseus leaves is demonstrated by silencing known vindoline biosynthetic genes previously characterized in vitro. 相似文献
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Kotaro Yamamoto Dagny Grzech Konstantinos Koudounas Emily Amor Stander Lorenzo Caputi Tetsuro Mimura Vincent Courdavault Sarah E. OConnor 《Plant physiology》2021,187(2):846
Specialized metabolites are chemically complex small molecules with a myriad of biological functions. To investigate plant-specialized metabolite biosynthesis more effectively, we developed an improved method for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). We designed a plasmid that incorporates fragments of both the target gene and knockdown marker gene (phytoene desaturase, PDS), which identifies tissues that have been successfully silenced in planta. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we used the terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) pathway in Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) as a model system. Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant well known for producing many bioactive compounds, such as vinblastine and vincristine. Our VIGS method enabled the discovery of a previously unknown biosynthetic enzyme, serpentine synthase (SS). This enzyme is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) that produces the β-carboline alkaloids serpentine and alstonine, compounds with strong blue autofluorescence and potential pharmacological activity. The discovery of this enzyme highlights the complexity of TIA biosynthesis and demonstrates the utility of this improved VIGS method for discovering unidentified metabolic enzymes in plants.An improved virus-induced gene silencing approach led to the discovery of the alkaloid biosynthetic enzyme serpentine synthase. 相似文献
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Gilles Beck Diana Coman Edgar Herren M. Águila Ruiz-Sola Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción Wilhelm Gruissem Eva Vranová 《Plant molecular biology》2013,82(4-5):393-416
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is a key precursor of various isoprenoids that have diverse functions in plant metabolism and development. The annotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome predicts 12 genes to encode geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPS). In this study we analyzed GGPPS activity as well as the subcellular localization and tissue-specific expression of the entire protein family in A. thaliana. GGPPS2 (At2g18620), GGPPS3 (At2g18640), GGPPS6 (At3g14530), GGPPS7 (At3g14550), GGPPS8 (At3g20160), GGPPS9 (At3g29430), GGPPS10 (At3g32040) and GGPPS11 (At4g36810) showed GGPPS activity in Escherichia coli, similar to activities reported earlier for GGPPS1 (At1g49530) and GGPPS4 (At2g23800) (Zhu et al. in Plant Cell Physiol 38(3):357–361, 1997a; Plant Mol Biol 35(3):331–341, b). GGPPS12 (At4g38460) did not produce GGPP in E. coli. Based on DNA sequence analysis we propose that GGPPS5 (At3g14510) is a pseudogene. GGPPS–GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion proteins of the ten functional GGPP synthases localized to plastids, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, with the majority of the enzymes located in plastids. Gene expression analysis using quantitative real time-PCR, GGPPS promoter-GUS (β-glucuronidase) assays and publicly available microarray data revealed a differential spatio-temporal expression of GGPPS genes. The results suggest that plastids and mitochondria are key subcellular compartments for the synthesis of ubiquitous GGPP-derived isoprenoid species. GGPPS11 and GGPPS1 are the major isozymes responsible for their biosynthesis. All remaining paralogs, encoding six plastidial isozymes and two cytosolic isozymes, were expressed in specific tissues and/or at specific developmental stages, suggesting their role in developmentally regulated isoprenoid biosynthesis. Our results show that of the 12 predicted GGPPS encoded in the A. thaliana genome 10 are functional proteins that can synthesize GGPP. Their specific subcellular location and differential expression pattern suggest subfunctionalization in providing GGPP to specific tissues, developmental stages, or metabolic pathways. 相似文献
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Bernardo J. Clavijo John P. Hamilton Kevin L. Childs Brieanne Vaillancourt Jason Cepela Marc Habermann Burkhard Steuernagel Leah Clissold Kirsten McLay Carol Robin Buell Sarah E. O'Connor 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2015,82(4):680-692
The medicinal plant Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, produces hundreds of biologically active monoterpene‐derived indole alkaloid (MIA) metabolites and is the sole source of the potent, expensive anti‐cancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. Access to a genome sequence would enable insights into the biochemistry, control, and evolution of genes responsible for MIA biosynthesis. However, generation of a near‐complete, scaffolded genome is prohibitive to small research communities due to the expense, time, and expertise required. In this study, we generated a genome assembly for C. roseus that provides a near‐comprehensive representation of the genic space that revealed the genomic context of key points within the MIA biosynthetic pathway including physically clustered genes, tandem gene duplication, expression sub‐functionalization, and putative neo‐functionalization. The genome sequence also facilitated high resolution co‐expression analyses that revealed three distinct clusters of co‐expression within the components of the MIA pathway. Coordinated biosynthesis of precursors and intermediates throughout the pathway appear to be a feature of vinblastine/vincristine biosynthesis. The C. roseus genome also revealed localization of enzyme‐rich genic regions and transporters near known biosynthetic enzymes, highlighting how even a draft genome sequence can empower the study of high‐value specialized metabolites. 相似文献
10.
Pierre Poutrain Gr��gory Guirimand Ga?lle Gl��varec Vincent Courdavault Olivier Pichon 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2011,30(2):235-241
In Catharanthus roseus cells, auxins are known to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIA), a class of valuable
secondary metabolites. Despite extensive studies of this regulation, no protein of the auxin signaling pathway has been isolated
to date in this plant. We therefore decided to clone and characterize a C. roseus Aux/IAA protein that belongs to a family of gene expression repressors mediating auxin effects. Using PCR, a cDNA encoding
the first C. roseus Aux/IAA was cloned and named CrIAA1. The deduced amino acid sequence has four highly conserved domains that are typical of the Aux/IAA protein family and has
high homology to the Aux/IAA isoforms of Arabidopsis (>67%). The CrIAA1 gene expression, monitored by real-time PCR, was found to be dramatically induced by auxin treatment in C. roseus cells. Using GFP imagery and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, we found that CrIAA1 can form oligomers in
the nucleus. We also found that CrIAA1 is quickly degraded following auxin treatments, suggesting that auxin regulates CrIAA1
availability via a feedback mechanism. These results should help to elucidate the molecular nature of the processes responsible
for the auxin-mediated regulation of MIA biosynthesis in C. roseus. 相似文献
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Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) [EC 2.5.1.29] catalyzes the biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP),
which is a key precursor for diterpenes such as taxol. Herein, a full-length cDNA encoding GGPPS (designated as CgGGPPS) was cloned and characterized from hazel (Corylus avellana L. Gasaway), a taxol-producing angiosperms. The full-length cDNA of CgGGPPS was 1515 bp with a 1122 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 373 amino acid polypeptide. The CgGGPPS genomic DNA sequence
was also obtained, revealing CgGGPPS gene was not interrupted by an intron. Southern blot analysis indicated that CgGGPPS belonged to a small gene family. Tissue expression pattern analysis indicated that CgGGPPS expressed the highest in leaves.
RT–PCR analysis indicated that CgGGPPS expression could be induced by exogenous methyl jasmonate acid. Furthermore, carotenoid
accumulation was observed in Escherichia coli carrying pACCAR25ΔcrtE plasmid carrying CgGGPPS. The result revealed that cDNA encoded a functional GGPP synthase. 相似文献
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Zhihua Liao Yifu Gong Guoyin Kai Kaijing Zuo Min Chen Qiumin Tan Yamin Wei Liang Guo Feng Tan Xiaofen Sun Kexuan Tang 《Molecular Biology》2005,39(1):11-17
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) [EC 2.5.1.29] catalyzes the biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which is a key precursor for diterpenes and, in particular, Taxol, one of the most potent antitumor drugs. In order to investigate the role of GGPP synthase in Taxol biosynthesis, we cloned, characterized, and functionally expressed the GGPPS gene from Taxus media. Using the genome walking strategy, a 3743-bp genomic sequence of T. media was isolated which contained a 1182-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 393-amino acid polypeptide that showed a close similarity to other plant GGPPSs. Subsequently, the full-length cDNA of the GGPPS gene of T. media (designated TmGGPPS) was amplified by RACE. Bioinformatic analysis showed that TmGGPPS was an intron-free gene, and its deduced polypeptide contained all five conserved domains and functional aspartate-rich motifs of the prenyltransferases. By constructing the phylogenetic tree of plant GGPPSs, it was found that plant-derived GGPPSs could be divided into two classes, those of angiosperms and gymnosperms, which might have evolved in parallel from the same ancestor. To our knowledge, this was the first report that the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase genes were free of introns and evolved in parallel in both angiosperms and gymnosperms. The coding sequence of TmGGPPS was expressed through functional complementation in a yeast mutant lacking GGPPS activity (SFNY368), and the transgenic yeast was shown to have this activity. This was also the first time SFNY368 was used to identify the function of plant-derived GGPPSs. Furthermore, investigation of the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the expression of TmGGPPS showed that MeJA-treated T. media cultured cells had much higher expression of TmGGPPS than untreated cells.From Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2005, pp. 14–20.Original English Text Copyright © 2005 by Zhihua Liao, Yifu Gong, Guoyin Kai, Kaijing Zuo, Min Chen, Qiumin Tan, Yamin Wei, Liang Guo, Feng Tan, Xiaofen Sun, Kexuan Tang.This article was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
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Guoyin Kai Pan Liao Tong Zhang Wei Zhou Jing Wang Hui Xu Yuanyun Liu Lin Zhang 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2010,15(2):236-245
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS, EC: 2.5.1.29) catalyzes the biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP),
which is a key precursor for diterpenes including tanshinone. In this study, a full-length cDNA encoding GGPPS was isolated
from Salvia miltiorrhiza by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for the first time, which was designated as SmGGPPS (GenBank Accession No. FJ643617). The full-length cDNA of SmGGPPS was 1,234 bp containing a 1,092 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 364 amino acids. Analysis of SmGGPPS genomic DNA revealed that it contained 2 exons and 1 intron. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the deduced SmGGPPS had extensive homology with other plant GGPPSs contained all 5 conserved domains and functional aspartate-rich motifs of
the prenyltransferases. Molecular modeling showed that SmGGPPS is a new GGPPS with a spatial structure similar to other plant GGPPSs. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that SmGGPPS belongs to the plant GGPPS super-family and has the closest relationship with GGPPS from Nicotiana attenuate. The functional identification in Escherichia coli showed that SmGGPPS could accelerate the biosynthesis of carotenoid, demonstrating that SmGGPPS encoded a functional protein. Expression pattern analysis implied that SmGGPPS expressed higher in leaves and roots, weaker in stems. The expression of SmGGPPS could be up-regulated by Salicylic acid (SA) in leaves and inhibited by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in 3 tested tissues, suggesting
that SmGGPPS was elicitor-responsive. This work will be helpful to understand more about the role of SmGGPPS involved in the tanshinones biosynthesis pathway and metabolic engineering to improve tanshiones production in S. miltiorrhiza. 相似文献
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Qian Chen Zunwei Chen Li Lu Haihong Jin Lina Sun Qin Yu Hongke Xu Fengxia Yang Mengna Fu Shengchao Li Huizhong Wang Maojun Xu 《Biotechnology progress》2013,29(4):994-1001
Elicitations are considered to be an important strategy to improve production of secondary metabolites of plant cell cultures. However, mechanisms responsible for the elicitor‐induced production of secondary metabolites of plant cells have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report that treatment of Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures with PB90, a protein elicitor from Phytophthora boehmeriae, induced rapid increases of abscisic acid (ABA) and nitric oxide (NO), subsequently followed by the enhancement of catharanthine production and up‐regulation of Str and Tdc, two important genes in catharanthine biosynthesis. PB90‐induced catharanthine production and the gene expression were suppressed by the ABA inhibitor and NO scavenger respectively, showing that ABA and NO are essential for the elicitor‐induced catharanthine biosynthesis. The relationship between ABA and NO in mediating catharanthine biosynthesis was further investigated. Treatment of the cells with ABA triggered NO accumulation and induced catharanthine production and up‐regulation of Str and Tdc. ABA‐induced catharanthine production and gene expressions were suppressed by the NO scavenger. Conversely, exogenous application of NO did not stimulate ABA generation and treatment with ABA inhibitor did not suppress NO‐induced catharanthine production and gene expressions. Together, the results showed that both NO and ABA were involved in PB90‐induced catharanthine biosynthesis of C. roseus cells. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that ABA acted upstream of NO in the signaling cascade leading to PB90‐induced catharanthine biosynthesis of C. roseus cells. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:994–1001, 2013 相似文献
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J. E. Schlatmann E. Fonck H. J. G. ten Hoopen J. J. Heijnen 《Plant cell reports》1994,14(2-3):157-160
Summary Removal of gaseous metabolites in an aerated fermenter affects ajmalicine production by Catharanthus roseus negatively. Therefore, the role of CO2 and ethylene in ajmalicine production by C. roseus was investigated in 3 l fermenters (working volume 1.8 l) with recirculation of a large part of the exhaust air. Removal of CO2, ethylene or both from the recirculation stream did not have an effect on ajmalicine production. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis in shake flasks with Co2+, Ni2+ or aminooxyacetic acid did not affect ajmalicine production. However, the removal of CO2 did enhance the amount of extracellular ajmalicine. 相似文献
20.
A VIGS screen identifies immunity in the Arabidopsis Pla‐1 accession to viruses in two different genera of the Geminiviridae
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Maria Ines Reyes Miguel A. Flores‐Vergara Orlene Guerra‐Peraza Cyprian Rajabu Jigar Desai Yokiko H. Hiromoto‐Ruiz Joseph Ndunguru Linda Hanley‐Bowdoin Susanne Kjemtrup Jose T. Ascencio‐Ibáñez Dominique Robertson 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2017,92(5):796-807
Geminiviruses are DNA viruses that cause severe crop losses in different parts of the world, and there is a need for genetic sources of resistance to help combat them. Arabidopsis has been used as a source for virus‐resistant genes that derive from alterations in essential host factors. We used a virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector derived from the geminivirus Cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) to assess natural variation in virus–host interactions in 190 Arabidopsis accessions. Silencing of CH‐42, encoding a protein needed to make chlorophyll, was used as a visible marker to discriminate asymptomatic accessions from those showing resistance. There was a wide range in symptom severity and extent of silencing in different accessions, but two correlations could be made. Lines with severe symptoms uniformly lacked extensive VIGS, and lines that showed attenuated symptoms over time (recovery) showed a concomitant increase in the extent of VIGS. One accession, Pla‐1, lacked both symptoms and silencing, and was immune to wild‐type infectious clones corresponding to CaLCuV or Beet curly top virus (BCTV), which are classified in different genera in the Geminiviridae. It also showed resistance to the agronomically important Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Quantitative trait locus mapping of a Pla‐1 X Col‐0 F2 population was used to detect a major peak on chromosome 1, which is designated gip‐1 (geminivirus immunity Pla‐1‐1). The recessive nature of resistance to CaLCuV and the lack of obvious candidate genes near the gip‐1 locus suggest that a novel resistance gene(s) confers immunity. 相似文献