2D导航辅助经皮骶髂螺钉治疗骨盆后环骨折经验分析

目的:观察C型臂透视2D导航引导下经皮骶髂螺钉治疗骨盆后环不稳定型骨折的手术安全性和临床效果。方法:2011年1月-2013年12月采用二维透视导航辅助经皮置入骶髂螺钉治疗C型(Tile分型)骨盆骨折患者22例,其中交通伤16例,坠落伤4例,重物砸伤2例。伤后就诊时间5 h~12d(平均20 h)。按照骨盆骨折Tile分型:B3.3型1例,C1.2型8例,C1.3型12例,C3.3型1例。其中伴有休克2例,腹部损伤3例,尿道损伤4例,脊柱损伤5例,骶神经损伤1例,胫骨骨折2例。结果:建立导航系统耗时13~30 min(平均18.50±6.20 min),每枚螺钉置入耗时15~25 min(平均17.50±7.20 min),置入每枚螺钉出血量约20 m L。所有患者螺钉置入位置均较满意,无穿透椎弓根或椎体骨皮质进入骶孔、骶管和前方的盆腔等现象出现,无伤口感染发生。采用Matta评分标准评价骨折复位情况:优15例,良5例,可2例。采用Majeed评分行功能评价:优13例,良6例,可3例。结论:采用导航下骶髂螺钉固定技术能够有效恢复骨盆后环稳定性,但需要手术者熟练掌握骨盆解剖结构及生物力学特点,有效增加手术准确性,避免副损伤。     

前环经皮Infix固定联合后路固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折的效果

目的:探讨前环经皮内固定架(Infix)固定联合后路固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折的效果。方法:采用回顾性方法,选择本院2013年8月到2018年2月诊治的垂直不稳定骨盆骨折患者61例患者,根据手术方法的不同分为观察组31例与对照组30例,对照组给予钢板内固定治疗,观察组给予前环经皮Infix固定联合后路固定,记录与观察两组预后。结果:所有患者都完成手术,无术中严重并发症发生,观察组的切口长度、术中出血量与骨折愈合时间显著少于对照组(P0.05),两组手术时间与术中透视次数对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后1个月的钉道感染、神经损伤、静脉血栓、切口感染发生率低于对照组(6.5%vs.33.3%, P0.05)。观察组与对照组术后3个月的Majeed评分优良率分别为93.5%和73.3%,骨折复位优良率分别为96.8%和73.3%,观察组高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:前环经皮Infix固定联合后路骶髂关节螺钉固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折能减少创伤,促进骨折愈合,减少术后并发症的发生,提高骨盆复位质量与骨盆功能。     

两种内固定方法治疗老年骨盆后环骨折的疗效对比及对血清应激因子和疼痛相关生化指标的影响

摘要 目的：对比3D导航下经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定、后路微创重建钢板内固定两种内固定方法治疗老年骨盆后环骨折的疗效及对血清应激因子和疼痛相关生化指标的影响。方法：回顾性分析2016年7月~2020年9月期间我院收治的100例老年骨盆后环骨折患者的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=50,后路微创重建钢板内固定）和B组（n=50,3D导航下经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定）。对比两组手术相关指标、疼痛情况、Majeed功能评分、血清应激因子和疼痛相关生化指标变化情况。结果：B组术后3 d、术后1个月、术后3个月、术后1年视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）评分低于A组（P<0.05）。B组术中出血量少于A组,住院时间、手术时间、手术切口长度短于A组,但X线暴露时间长于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后1年Majeed功能评分高于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后7 d促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平高于A组,皮质醇（Cor） 、肾上腺素（E）水平低于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后7 d 5-羟色胺（5-HT）、P物质（SP）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）水平低于A组（P<0.05）。A组、B组的并发症发生率组间对比无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：与后路微创重建钢板内固定治疗老年骨盆后环骨折患者相比,3D导航下经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定具有创伤小、手术时间短、术中出血量少、疼痛减轻、应激反应轻等诸多优势,可促进患者术后恢复。     

Diagnostic Accuracy of PET/CT-Guided Percutaneous Biopsies for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients

Background

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are one of the most frequent causes of death in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Early detection is crucial because complete surgical resection is the only curative treatment. It has been previously reported that an ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) image with a T/L (Tumor/Liver) SUV_max ratio > 1.5 provides a high negative predictive value; however, it is not specific enough to make a NF1-related MPNST diagnosis. A formal proof of malignant transformation from a histological analysis is necessary before surgical excision because the procedure can cause mutilation. The objective of the present work was to investigate the effectiveness of and complications associated with PET/CT-guided percutaneous biopsies for an NF1-related MPNST diagnosis.

Methods

PET/CT-guided percutaneous biopsy procedures performed on 26 NF1 patients with a clinical suspicion of MPNST and a suspect lesion from a PET/CT scan (T/L SUV_max ratio > 1.5) were retrospectively evaluated. The localization of the suspected malignant site was determined using PET/CT. A stereotactic (ultrasonic and CT control) core biopsy technique was used with a local anesthesia.

Results

The first PET/CT-guided percutaneous biopsies enabled a pathological diagnosis for all of the patients (no "inconclusive " results were obtained), and no secondary procedures were needed. Among the 26 patients, the histopathological results from the biopsy were malignant in 17 cases and benign (BPNST with atypical cells) in nine cases. No complications from the diagnostic procedure were observed. A surgical resection was performed in 18 patients (seven benign and 11 malignant biopsies), removing the fine needle biopsy scar. In addition, six locally advanced/metastatic MPNST were treated with chemo/radiotherapy, and two BPNST had no progression after a follow-up of 14 and 39 months, respectively. The PET/CT-guided percutaneous biopsy gave 25 accurate diagnoses and one false negative (BPNST with atypical cells on the biopsy and MPNST on the operated tumor), resulting in a diagnostic accuracy rate of 96%. This false negative case may be explained by the high heterogeneity of the tumor: benign areas were contiguous with the malignant ones and associated with inflammation.

Conclusions

PET/CT-guided percutaneous biopsies are an effective and relatively non-traumatic procedure for diagnosis of NF1-related MPNST. It is the most reliable approach for early detection of MPNST.     

经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折的比较研究

摘要 目的：对比经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折的临床效果。方法：选取本院2018年3月至2021年10月收治的Tile B、C型骨盆骨折患者共68例进行前瞻性研究。将纳入患者按随机数字表法分为经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定治疗（观察组）与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗（对照组），每组各34例。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后早期疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、住院时间及术后早期并发症发生率；此外随访6个月，观察患者术后Matta影像学评分标准优良率（Matta优良率）、Majeed骨盆骨折功能评分（Majeed评分）和术后骨折愈合时间，另记录术后6个月时两组术后并发症发生情况。结果：两组手术时间、术后3天VAS评分、术后7天VAS评分、住院时间及术后骨折愈合时间比较均未见明显差异（P>0.05）；观察组术中出血量明显少于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后3个月时Matta优良率和Majeed评分均优于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），但两组术后6个月比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；观察组的术后早期并发症发生率低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；术后6个月时两组并发症情况无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：两种方法治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折均可取得良好疗效，但切开复位重建钢板内固定方法仍保功能恢复良好的优点，而经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定具有低并发症发生率，更利于提升术后早期恢复效果。     

Disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed by percutaneous needle biopsy of a retroperitoneal lymph node. A case report.

A case of disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed by percutaneous needle biopsy cytology is reported. The patient presented with fever and pancytopenia. Computed tomography (CT) revealed retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Cytology smears prepared from a CT-guided screw needle biopsy of one of the lymph nodes showed numerous histiocytes with intracytoplasmic yeast forms consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum. Fungal cultures prepared from additional needle biopsy material confirmed the diagnosis. This case illustrates the utility of needle biopsy in the evaluation of radiographically detected retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and in the rapid diagnosis of infectious disease in certain clinical settings.     

经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定与开放手术对胸腰椎骨折患者Cobb's 角 与椎体前缘高度恢复的影响

目的:比较经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定与开放手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效,并对其Cobb's角与椎体前缘高度的变化情况进行比较。方法:选择2011年1月-2013年10月我院收治的60例胸腰椎骨折患者并按照数字随机法分为两组,每组30例,对照组采取开放椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,观察组经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,两组患者均随访24个月,比较两组患者手术一般情况及Cobb's角与椎体前缘高度恢复情况。结果:观察组手术切口长度、术中出血量及住院时间均短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组术后伤椎前缘高度及矢状位指数均大于术前(均P0.05),观察组术后伤椎前缘高度及矢状位指数均大于对照组(均P0.05);且两组术后后凸Cobb角小于术前(均P0.05),且观察组术后后凸Cobb角小于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症1例(3.3%),与对照组4例(13.3%)比较无显著统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效较佳,Cobb's角与椎体前缘高度恢复情况较优。     

人工半骨盆假体置换联合腰椎椎弓根螺钉固定术后生物力学的有限元分析

目的:建立人工半骨盆假体置换与联合腰椎椎弓根螺钉固定后的三维有限元模型,评价腰骶段生物力学改变后半骨盆假体力学结构的特点。方法:采用CT薄层扫描采集原始数据,分别建立正常骨盆、半骨盆假体置换术后以及半骨盆假体置换联合腰椎椎弓根螺钉固定术后骨盆的三维有限元模型,分别在第4腰椎上终板平面施以500 N的垂直纵向载荷,分析不同骨盆模型的应力分布特点。结果:与正常骨盆有限元模型相比,半骨盆假体置换术后健侧骨盆应力分布以骶髂关节、髋臼窝及耻骨为主,置换侧半骨盆假体以耻骨连接棒、髋臼杯及髂骨座为主,最大应力出现在耻骨连接棒,应力峰值为65.62 MPa。联合腰椎椎弓根螺钉固定后健侧应力相对减小,置换侧髂骨固定座与骶骨固定处应力相对减小,应力分布以腰椎椎弓根钉棒、耻骨连接棒及髋臼杯为主,最大应力出现在椎弓根螺钉,应力峰值为107 MPa。结论:半骨盆假体置换联合腰椎椎弓根螺钉固定后钉棒分担了半骨盆置换后健侧骨盆及置换侧髂骨固定座与骶骨固定处附近的部分应力,缓解应力集中现象,降低术后骨盆破坏风险,一定程度上增加了半骨盆置换后骨盆的稳定性。     

Biomechanical effects of posterior pedicle fixation techniques on the adjacent segment for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: a biomechanical analysis

Abstract

Posterior pedicle fixation technique is a common method for treating thoracolumbar burst fractures, but the effect of different fixation techniques on the postoperative spinal mechanical properties has not been clearly defined, especially on adjacent segments. A finite element model of T10-L2 with moderate T12 vertebra burst fracture was constructed to investigate biomechanical behavior of three posterior pedicle screw fixation techniques. Compared with traditional short-segment 4 pedicle screw fixation (TS-4) and intermediate long-segment 6 pedicle screw fixation (IL-6), mono-segment 4 pedicle screw fixation (MS-4) provides a safer surgical selection to prevent the secondary degeneration of adjacent segments in the long-term.     

An efficient and accurate prediction of the stability of percutaneous fixation of acetabular fractures with finite element simulation

Posterior wall fracture is one of the most common fracture types of the acetabulum and a conventional approach is to perform open reduction and internal fixation with a plate and screws. Percutaneous screw fixations, on the other hand, have recently gained attention due to their benefits such as less exposure and minimization of blood loss. However their biomechanical stability, especially in terms interfragmentary movement, has not been investigated thoroughly. The aims of this study are twofold: (1) to measure the interfragmentary movements in the conventional open approach with plate fixations and the percutaneous screw fixations in the acetabular fractures and compare them; and (2) to develop and validate a fast and efficient way of predicting the interfragmentary movement in percutaneous fixation of posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum using a 3D finite element (FE) model of the pelvis. Our results indicate that in single fragment fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum, plate fixations give superior stability to screw fixations. However screw fixations also give reasonable stability as the average gap between fragment and the bone remained less than 1 mm when the maximum load was applied. Our finite element model predicted the stability of screw fixation with good accuracy. Moreover, when the screw positions were optimized, the stability predicted by our FE model was comparable to the stability obtained by plate fixations. Our study has shown that FE modeling can be useful in examining biomechanical stability of osteosynthesis and can potentially be used in surgical planning of osteosynthesis.     

重建钛板及记忆合金内固定治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折的效果

目的:探讨重建钛板及记忆合金内固定系统治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析本院2012年12月~2013年12月收治的93例不稳定型骨盆骨折患者的临床资料,按照治疗方法分为两组,分别实施重建钛板联合螺钉固定治疗(对照组)和重建钛板联合记忆合金内固定系统治疗(观察组),观察并比较两组患者的临床效果。结果:观察组治疗优良率显著高于对照组,骨折愈合时间显著短于对照组,内固定松动和内固定断裂发生率显著低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:重建钛板及记忆合金内固定系统治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折患者行可以获得较重建钛板联合螺钉固定治疗更好的临床效果。     

数字化骨科理念辅助椎弓根置钉在寰枢椎不稳中的临床应用

目的:探讨3D打印辅助置钉技术用于寰枢椎不稳椎弓根置钉的安全性及准确性。方法:收集2013年1月到2015年1月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的寰枢椎不稳病例,术前采用3D打印技术构建个体化3D打印模型,在模型上模拟置钉,获取最佳置钉点、置钉角度等个体化置钉数据,并于术中辅助椎弓根螺钉置入。通过CT扫描评价置钉准确性,测量术前、术后患者寰齿间隙判断寰枢椎复位情况,测量颈延角评价脊髓压迫改善情况,并采用日本骨科学会(JOA)评分判断患者脊髓功能改善情况。术后定期随访观察固定效果、稳定性、神经损伤等手术并发症的发生情况。结果:13例患者均采用3D打印辅助置钉技术进行内固定治疗,手术顺利,术中及术后无血管、神经损伤等并发症,复位及内固定效果满意。共置入椎弓根螺钉31枚,其中29枚完全在椎弓根内,置钉准确率为93.5%。寰枢椎较术前明显复位,术后寰齿间隙、颈延角和JOA评分较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:3D打印技术辅助上颈椎椎弓根置钉的准确性及安全性均较高。     

Technical note: CT-guided biopsy: A new diagnostic method for paleopathological research

The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the application of computerized tomographic (CT)-guided biopsy in a paleopathological examination. Researchers dealing with such special tasks should be aware of this method. We performed a CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of an ancient Egyptian child mummy, which allowed us to revise its initial diagnosis. Based on this experience, extended preinterventional planning and the choice of equipment (needle type) preferred by performing radiologists are strongly recommended, since they will influence diagnostic outcome. Easy documentation, suitable approaches according to the object's condition, and a reliable anatomical orientation without superposition effects during the procedure are some of the advantages of this method. It its already widely established in clinical practice. This technique is recommended for future tissue-sampling of human paleopathologic remains like mummies that are still wrapped within their original bandages, or any small bone lesion of unclear etiology.     

Solitary lag screw osteosynthesis in the treatment of fractures of the angle of the mandible: a retrospective study

Various methods have been advocated for the treatment of fractures of the angle of the mandible, emphasizing the complexity of the problem. A functionally stable osteosynthesis can be achieved in such fractures with a solitary lag screw. This technique meets the principles of rigid internal fixation and achieves maximum stability with a minimum of implant material. It obviates the need for maxillomandibular fixation, as well as the morbidity associated with the conventional methods of treatment. A review is presented of 50 patients who were treated by this method. The data show that the procedure is an effective and predictable modality of treatment with a low rate of morbidity.     

Otoplasty: sequencing the operation for improved results

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the anatomy and embryology of the external ear. 2. Understand the anatomic causes of the prominent ear. 3. Understand the operative maneuvers used to shape the external ear. 4. Be able to sequence the otoplasty for consistent results. 5. Understand the possible complications of the otoplasty procedure. Correction of prominent ears is a common plastic surgical procedure. Proper execution of the surgical techniques is dependent on the surgeon's understanding of the surgical procedure. This understanding is best founded on an understanding of the historical bases for the operative steps and the execution of these operative steps in a logical fashion. This article describes the concept of sequencing the operation of otoplasty to produce predictable results combining the technical contributions from many authors. The historical, embryological, and anatomic bases for the operation are also discussed. Finally, the authors' preferred techniques are presented. Sequencing the steps in the preoperative assessment, preoperative planning, patient management, operative technique, and postoperative care will produce reproducible results for the attentive surgeon. Careful attention to the details of the operation of otoplasty will avoid many postoperative problems.     

伤椎置钉与不置钉短节段内固定对胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者临床疗效及血清炎症损伤介质的影响

目的:探讨伤椎置钉与不置钉短节段内固定对胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者临床疗效及血清炎症损伤介质的影响。方法:回顾性分析2017年3月~2018年7月期间内蒙古医科大学第三附属医院骨科收治的269例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分为A组(n=131,给予短节段内固定治疗)和B组(n=138,给予伤椎置钉联合短节段内固定治疗),比较两组患者围术期指标、影像学指标、血清炎症损伤介质及并发症。结果:两组术后1周、术后半年、术后1年伤椎椎体前缘高度呈先升高后降低趋势,且B组术后半年、术后1年伤椎椎体前缘高度均低于A组(P<0.05);两组术后1周、术后半年、术后1年Cobb'S角呈先降低后升高趋势,且B组术后半年、术后1年Cobb'S角均大于A组(P<0.05)。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及并发症发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。两组术后3d血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平均升高(P<0.05),但两组术后3d血清炎症损伤介质比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:伤椎置钉与不置钉短节段内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者,可获得相似的临床疗效,且对患者损伤程度基本一致,但伤椎置钉在恢复伤椎椎体前缘高度、Cobb'S角方面更优,临床应用价值较高。     

外伤性颈椎骨折脱位的颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗及其临床疗效分析

目的：探讨颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗外伤性颈椎骨折脱位的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2010年6月至2012年7月我院采用颈椎椎弓根内固定治疗颈椎骨折脱位28例。损伤部位：C16例,C22例,C3～43例,C43例,C54例,C5～65例,C63例,C6～72例。脱位程度：I度脱位20例,II度脱位5例,III度脱位1例,Ⅳ度脱位2例。ASIA分级：A级2例,B级1例,C级3例,D级4例,E级17例。全部病例术前均行x线、CT及MRI检查并根据其结果行个体化椎弓根钉置入。术前和术后按ASIA神经功能评估方法评价手术疗效。结果：28例均获得8～18个月随访,平均随访12个月,随访期内无一例死亡。其中置入螺钉140枚,有128枚位置正确,12枚存在不同程度偏差,无手术相关并发症,无神经损伤加重。ASIA分级：A级3例中的1例恢复至D级,2例恢复至B级,B级1例恢复至C级,C级3例中的1例恢复至D级,2例恢复至E级,D级4例恢复至E级,E级17例仍为E级。结论：颈椎椎弓根钉内固定是治疗外伤性颈椎骨折脱位安全有效。     

经肌间隙微创内固定术与传统椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较

目的：比较经肌间隙和传统切开椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法：选取我院2010 年1 月-2014 年 12 月收治的胸腰椎骨折患者120例,分为微创手术组和开放手术组。观察并对比两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及 术后恢复情况。结果：两组患者的手术时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与开放手术组比较,微创组患者术中出血量显著减 少、住院时间明显缩短,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与手术前比较,两组患者术后Cobb 角及伤椎高度均明显改善,差异具有 统计学意义（P<0.05）,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组患者术后JOA 评分均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义（P<0. 05）,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：经肌间隙微创内固定术与传统椎弓根螺钉内固定术均能较好的复位固定胸 腰椎骨折,但经肌间隙微创内固定术具有创伤小、术中出血少、功能恢复快、住院周期短等优势,值得临床推广应用。     

Diagnostic Accuracy of CT-Guided Transthoracic Needle Biopsy for Solitary Pulmonary Nodules

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous lung biopsy for solitary pulmonary nodules. Three hundred and eleven patients (211 males and 100 females), with a mean age of 59.6 years (range, 19–87 years), who were diagnosed with solitary pulmonary nodules and underwent CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy between January 2008 and January 2014 were reviewed. All patients were confirmed by surgery or the clinical course. The overall diagnostic accuracy and incidence of complications were calculated, and the factors influencing these were statistically evaluated and compared. Specimens were successfully obtained from all 311 patients. A total of 217 and 94 cases were found to be malignant and benign lesions, respectively, by biopsy. Two hundred and twenty-five (72.3%) carcinomas, 78 (25.1%) benign lesions, and 8 (2.6%) inconclusive lesions were confirmed by surgery and the clinical course. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy were 92.9%, 95.3%, and 95.7%, respectively. The incidences of pneumothorax and self-limiting bleeding were 17.7% and 11.6%, respectively. Taking account of all evidence, CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy for solitary pulmonary nodules is an efficient, and safe diagnostic method associated with few complications.