用cDNA微阵列研究辐射损伤小鼠髓细胞基因的表达

为了探讨辐射引起小鼠髓细胞损伤后基因表达的变化,运用常规分子生物学和cDNA微阵列杂交技术,观察小鼠肥大剂量射线全身一次性照射后,骨髓细胞中588种已知功能基因的表达情况,初步得到辐射损伤后骨髓细胞某些功能基因的差异表达变化谱,结果表明,辐射可诱导小鼠骨髓细胞中一系列基因表达变化,这些基因可能参与了辐射所致骨髓细胞损伤的过程。     

Difference in effective dosage of genistein on bone and uterus in ovariectomized mice

Phytoestrogen including soybean isoflavones has structural similarity to estrogen and exhibits beneficial effects on bone tissue to protect against bone loss under estrogen-deficient conditions. Recent studies also indicate a possible action of isoflavones as endocrine disrupters in reproductive tissues. In this study, we administered various dosages of genistein to ovariectomized (OVX) mice, and compared the effective dosages of genistein on bone and uterus. Treatment with genistein at 0.7 mg/day prevented trabecular bone loss in OVX mice without hypertrophic effects on the uterus, while administration of 5 mg/day of genistein induced uterine hypertrophy. The serum levels of genistein in OVX mice treated with 0.7 mg/day and 5 mg/day were 3-fold (1.3 nmol/ml) and 50-fold (20.4 nmol/ml) higher than that in OVX mice. These results suggest that there is a marked difference between genistein dosages that protect against bone loss and those that induce uterine hypertrophy.     

染料木黄酮对去势大鼠骨骼矿化的影响

目的: 研究染料木黄酮对去势大鼠骨骼矿化的影响.方法: 雌性Wistar大鼠47只随机分为假手术组,去势对照组、去势 雌激素组(己烯雌酚20 μg.kg bw-1.d-1)、去势 染料木黄酮组(剂量分别为25、50、100 mg.kg bw-1.d-1).饲养三个月后处死,测定骨密度、骨矿化相关参数、骨钙、磷、锌、镁、锰、血清甲状旁腺激素、降钙素和雌激素含量.结果: 大鼠去势后,股骨骨密度降低,平均类骨质宽度增大,骨矿化延迟时间和类骨质成熟时间延长,骨中钙、磷、锌、镁和血清雌激素含量降低,与假手术组相比均有显著性差异(P＜0.05);补充染料木黄酮后,股骨骨密度有改善的趋势,平均类骨质宽度变窄,骨矿化延迟时间和类骨质成熟时间缩短,骨中钙、磷、镁含量升高.结论: 染料木黄酮通过促进类骨质矿化,减少骨中钙、磷、镁丢失,预防骨质疏松的发生.     

Effect of melatonin on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats.

To assess the effect of pharmacological dose of melatonin on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats, urinary deoxypyridinoline (a marker of bone resorption) and calcium excretion, circulating levels of calcium, phosphorus and bone alkaline phosphatase activity (a marker of bone formation), and bone mineral density (BMD), mineral content (BMC) and bone area (BA) of total body, were measured in adult rats for up to 60 days after surgery. Rats received melatonin in the drinking water (25 microg/ml water) or drinking water alone. Urinary deoxypyridinoline increased significantly after ovariectomy by 51% (30 days after surgery) and by 47% (60 days after surgery). The increase in urinary deoxypyridinoline found 30 days after ovariectomy was not observed in melatonin-treated rats. Urinary calcium concentration was similar in the 4 experimental groups studied, as was the circulating calcium concentration at every time interval examined. Fifteen days after surgery, a significant increase in serum phosphorus and bone alkaline phosphatase levels occurred in ovariectomized rats receiving melatonin as compared to their controls. Sixty days after surgery BMD, BMC and BA decreased significantly in ovariectomized rats, an effect not modified by melatonin. Serum estradiol decreased significantly by 30 days after ovariectomy to attain values close to the limit of detection of the assay by 60 days after ovariectomy. The results support the conclusion that a pharmacological amount of melatonin modifies bone remodeling after ovariectomy and that the effect may need adequate concentrations of estradiol.     

Gene expression profile analysis in astaxanthin-induced Haematococcus pluvialis using a cDNA microarray

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis (Volvocales) is known for the ketocarotenoid astaxanthin (3, 3′-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4, 4′-dione) accumulation, which is induced under unfavorable culture conditions. In this work, we used cDNA microarray analysis to screen differentially expressed genes in H. pluvialis under astaxanthin-inductive culture conditions, such as combination of cell exposure to high irradiance and nutrient deprivation. Among the 965 genes in the cDNA array, there are 144 genes exhibiting differential expression (twofold changes) under these conditions. A significant decrease in the expression of photosynthesis-related genes was shown in astaxanthin-accumulating cells (red cells). Defense- or stress-related genes and signal transduction genes were also induced in the red cells. A comparison of microarray and real-time PCR analysis showed good correlation between the differentially expressed genes by the two methods. Our results indicate that the cDNA microarray approach, as employed in this work, can be relied upon and used to monitor gene expression profiles in H. pluvialis. In addition, the genes that were differentially expressed during astaxanthin induction are suitable candidates for further study and can be used as tools for dissecting the molecular mechanism of this unique pigment accumulation process in the green alga H. pluvialis. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users.     

Gene expression profiling in human esophageal cancers using cDNA microarray

Human esophageal cancer cell lines and human esophageal cancer tissues were profiled on cDNA microarrays. In esophageal cancer cell lines, KYAE and OE-33 (adenocarcinomas) were distinguished from KYSE series (squamous cell carcinomas). Although SK-GT-4 and TE7 were derived from adenocarcinomas, they had a comparatively similar expression profile to the KYSE series. A set of genes whose expression commonly either increased or decreased in cancer cell lines was identified. Genes that were characteristically expressed in KYAE and OE-33 were also identified. The gene expression profiles of cancer tissues (CTs) were remarkably different from those of the cancer cell lines (CCLs). Notable differences between CCLs and CTs were observed in matrix metalloproteinases, plasminogen activator, collagens, paxillin, and thrombospondin 2, etc., whose expression was not increased in CCLs but increased in CTs. Twenty-three genes were extracted to categorize patients according to their prognoses, and clustering analyses, using these genes, were performed successfully.     

染料木素对卵巢切除大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的：探讨染料木素对卵巢切除大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及作用机制。方法：将40只SD雌性大鼠随机分为用假手术组、去卵巢对照组、染料木素高剂量、低剂量组、17β-雌二醇组,切除卵巢建立学习和记忆能力受损的模型。灌胃给药6周后Morris水迷宫测定各组大鼠学习记忆能力,免疫组化法观察大鼠海马微管相关蛋白（tau蛋白）阳性表达情况,测定大鼠脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）、乙酰胆碱转移酶（ChaT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性及丙二醛（MDA）的含量,观察海马组织超微结构变化。结果：大鼠切除卵巢后Morris水迷宫测定的学习记忆能力显著下降,微管相关蛋白（tau蛋白）异常磷酸化阳性表达率增高,前脑皮质中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、乙酰胆碱转移酶（ChaT）活性降低,丙二醛（MDA）含量、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）活性增高。低剂量的染料木素可以发挥类雌激素样作用,改善去卵巢大鼠的以上症状。结论：染料木素对卵巢切除导致的学习和记忆能力下降有改善作用,低剂量效果显著,其可能的机制是：抑制了脑内AchE的活性,使乙酰胆碱的降解减少;增强脑组织抗氧化能力;稳定微管相关蛋白（tau蛋白）,降低tau蛋白异常磷酸化水平。     

应用基因芯片技术对疲劳性运动小鼠脑组织脂肪酸代谢相关基因表达的初步研究

目的:采用基因芯片技术分析硬脂酰基-辅酶A去饱和酶2(Scd-2)基因和脑型脂肪酸结合蛋白(B-FABP)基因在疲劳小鼠脑组织中的表达,从基因水平探讨脂类代谢对运动性中枢疲劳产生影响的分子生物学机制.方法:建立疲劳性运动动物模型,应用基因芯片技术对运动性疲劳小鼠脑组织中基因的表达进行分析.结果:疲劳性运动小鼠脑组织中与脂肪酸代谢相关的基因Scd-2和B-FABP显著差异表达.结论:产生运动性中枢疲劳与脂肪代谢相关的蛋白分子基因表达有关联,具有高通量、并行性、快速、准确等优点的基因芯片技术在运动性疲劳机制研究中有广阔的应用前景.     

Effect of daidzein, a soy isoflavone, on bone metabolism in Cd-treated ovariectomized rats

This study compared the ability of daidzein, a soy isoflavone, with that of 17beta-estradiol to prevent bone loss in cadmium (Cd)-exposed ovariectomized (OVX) rats during growth. Four week-old female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five treatment groups of 9 rats each, either (1) sham-operated (SH); (2) OVX and placed on experimental diets (OVX); (3) OVX fed 50 ppm of CdCl2 (OVX-Cd); (4) OVX fed 50 ppm of CdCl2 and 10 microg of daidzein per kg of body mass (OVX-CD-D); or (5) OVX fed 50 ppm of CdCl2 and 10 microg of estrogen per kg of body mass (OVX-CD-E). All rats were given free access to AIN-76 modified diet and drinking water, with or without Cd, for 8 weeks. The OVX groups gained more (P < 0.05) body mass than the SH group. Femoral mass was increased by feeding daidzein and estradiol, whereas femoral length was not (P > 0.05) significantly different among groups. Femoral breaking force was not significantly different among groups, however, femoral BMD was significantly lower in OVX-Cd than in the SH and OVX groups. Morphologically proliferative cartilage and hypertrophic cells in femur showed normal distribution in OVX-Cd-D and OVX-Cd-E groups unlike those in OVX-Cd group. These findings suggest that Cd-OVX-induced osteopenia or osteoporosis probably results from an increase in bone turnover.     

Effects of spirulina, a blue-green alga, on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats and hindlimb-unloaded mice

The safety and effectiveness were examined of the spirulina alga on bone metabolism in ovariectomized estrogen-deficient rats and hindlimb-unloaded mice. The dosage range was from an amount equal to that recommended in so-called health foods for humans (0.08 g/kg BW/day) to a 100-fold higher dose. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole femur and tibia of ovariectomized rats in the any spirulina-treated groups was not significantly different from that of the ovariectomized group, although BMD of the distal femur and proximal tibia was significantly lower in the spirulina-treated groups than in the ovariectomized group after a 6 week-experimental period. BMD of the femur and tibia was not affected by treatment with any dose of spirulina in hindlimb-unloaded mice. These results suggest that the intake of spirulina decreased BMD in the trabecular bone of rodents under estrogen-deficient conditions.     

Characterization of gene expression profiles in early bovine pregnancy using a custom cDNA microarray

Gene expression analysis comparing nonpregnant with pregnant bovine uteri, including placenta, was performed with a custom cDNA microarray containing 1,933 independent genes. These genes were classified into six categories according to biological function, as follows: cell and tissue structural dynamics (108 genes), intercellular communication (221), intracellular metabolism (265), cell cycle and apoptosis (26), regulation of gene expression (113), expressed sequence tag (EST) and function unknown (617), and uncomplemented genes (583 clones). This array possessed bovine placental/endometrial specificity, as it included many pregnancy-specific molecules, such as pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 (PAGs), placental lactogen (PLs), and prolactin-related protein-1 (PRPs). A total of 77 genes were induced and 12 repressed in the placenta/endometrium. Our results point to a fundamental role for bovine placental-specific genes such as PAGs, PLs, and PRPs, in implantation and placentogenesis, and document that cDNA microarray analysis from bovine placenta/endometrium is possible and is a specific tool for monitoring genome-wide gene expression during the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy.