山东对囊蕨属(蹄盖蕨科)植物孢粉学研究及其在分类上的意义

采用扫描电镜对山东分布的8种对囊蕨属(Deparia)植物进行孢粉学观察。研究结果表明:在中国对对囊蕨属(Deparia Hook.& Grev.)蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)新分类系统首次进行孢子形态亚显微结构研究;该属孢子形态圆肾形,左右对称,具周壁,其周壁纹饰在种内稳定,种间区别显著;为建立假蹄盖蕨亚属(Subgen.1.Athyriopsis)和蛾眉蕨亚属(Subgen.2.Lunathyrium )提供孢粉学依据;依据山东蛾眉蕨和东北蛾眉蕨孢壁纹饰的显著差异,山东蛾眉蕨应为一个独立的物种,不宜并入东北蛾眉蕨,建议恢复山东蛾眉蕨在植物分类学上的种级地位,依照对囊蕨属新分类系统,山东蛾眉蕨(Lunathyrium shandongense)新组合为中华山东对囊蕨(D.sinoshandongensis)。该研究不仅为对囊蕨属孢粉学积累了新的资料,也为近缘种的分类鉴定提供了孢粉学依据。因此对囊蕨属孢子形态研究,在该属孢粉学、分类学及系统演化上都具有重要意义。     

秦岭地区蕨类植物新记录属——荚囊蕨属

为丰富并完善陕西秦岭山区蕨类植物种类记录,通过对秦岭山区的蕨类植物资料整理和野外调查,发现秦岭山区蕨类植物分布新记录属——荚囊蕨属,其属下种是荚囊蕨。该文描述了荚囊蕨在秦岭山区的形态特征和生境特点。凭证标本保存于湖南人文科技学院植物标本室。     

贵州蕨类植物一新记录属——乌木蕨属

报道了贵州蕨类植物一新记录属——乌木蕨属(Blechnidium Moore),该属为乌毛蕨科(Blechnaceae)一单种属,仅乌木蕨[Blechnidium melanopus(Hook.)Moore]1种。此物种分布区狭窄,数量有限,在贵州的发现对研究其地理与区系很有意义。     

贵州蕨类植物一新记录属——乌木蕨属Blechnidium Moore

本文报道了贵州蕨类植物一新记录属——乌木蕨属Blechnidium Moore,该属为乌毛蕨科Blechnaceae一单种属,仅乌木蕨Blechnidium melanopus（Hook.）Moore一种。此物种分布区狭窄,数量有限,在贵州的发现对研究其地理与区系很有意义。     

中国蹄盖蕨科一新记录植物——光叶对囊蕨

报道了采自安徽省金寨县天堂寨镇的中国对囊蕨属一新记录植物——光叶对囊蕨Deparia otomasui(Sa.Kurata)Seriz.。光叶对囊蕨之前仅发现于日本,其根状茎细长横走,叶片一回羽状,羽片羽状分裂,叶为纸质,有光泽,近光滑无毛,是对囊蕨属中形态较为独特的一个物种。该文对光叶对囊蕨的形态特征进行了详细描述,并提供了生态照片和线描图,编制了安徽省对囊蕨属部分物种的检索表,同时对该种的保护等级进行了评估。凭证标本保存于上海辰山植物标本馆(CSH)。     

河南省鳞毛蕨科耳蕨属一新记录种——亮叶耳蕨

报道了河南省鳞毛蕨科耳蕨属一新记录种——亮叶耳蕨(Polystichum lanceolatum Baker)。对该种进行了特征描述,并编制了河南耳蕨属植物检索表。该种近似正宇耳蕨(P.liui Ching),但羽片上侧耳状凸起不明显,边缘有7～8个具短刺头的牙状齿,孢子囊群在主脉上侧最多3个,下侧不育或偶有1个,囊群盖圆盾形,全缘等特征而不同。凭证标本存放于河南农业大学植物标本馆(HEAC)。     

中国蹄盖蕨科安蕨属一新记录杂交种——华日安蕨

报道了采自安徽省祁门县安凌镇的中国蹄盖蕨科安蕨属一新记录植物——华日安蕨(Anisocampium×saitoanum (Sugim.) M. Kato)。推测该植物是华东安蕨(A. sheareri (Baker) Ching)与日本安蕨(A. niponicum(Mett.) Yea C. Liu,W. L. Chiou et M. Kato)的自然杂交种,形态介于两亲本之间。对华日安蕨的形态特征进行了描述,并提供了墨线图和安蕨属植物分类检索表。     

薄鳞蕨属（中国蕨科）——新组合

承认中国蕨科薄鳞蕨属的独立性,把喜马拉雅地区分布的Cheilanthes duthiei新组合到了该属.     

黑龙江省蹄盖蕨科三属(蹄盖蕨属、羽节蕨属及冷蕨属)的遗传多样性分析

利用7种随机引物对分布于黑龙江省不同区域蹄盖蕨科中的蹄盖蕨属,羽节蕨属及冷蕨属三属的遗传多样性进行了初步分析,对蹄盖蕨科各种基因组的DNA进行了PCR扩增,并对其RAPD谱带进行了统计处理,得出不同区域种类的多态位点百分率,结果表明蹄盖蕨科植物具有较高水平的遗传变异,其种类的分布对周围环境变化有着较强的适应能力。利用Shannon指数和Nei指数对其分析,确定了三属之间的属内种间的亲缘关系:蹄盖蕨属的大部分变异仍存在于种源内;冷蕨属中的冷蕨和山冷蕨种类之间具有一定的遗传变异;羽节蕨属中,欧洲羽节蕨和羽节蕨种间有较大的遗传变异。     

薄唇蕨属的分类研究

薄唇蕨属是水龙骨科星蕨类植物中的一个小属,其范围时大时小,没有稳定的概念。我们在编 写《中国植物志》的过程中,分析了该属植物和星蕨类其它属植物的形态和地理分布,扫描了全部种类的孢子,认为薄唇蕨属不同于线蕨属,它包括了过去分出的似薄唇蕨属和树舌蕨等属。     

A re-examination of Lepidostrobus Brongniart

Lepidostrobus is a genus that was established by Brongniart for Palaeozoic lycopod cones. Since then the genus has been used for a variety of cones that have similar characters. There is now compelling evidence that the genus represents a heterogeneous group of monosporangiate and bisporangiate cone species and that it should be divided. Lepidostrobus is rediagnosed as a genus of microsporangiate cones. Ftemingites Carruthers is rediagnosed as a genus of those bisporangiate cones formerly included in Lepidostrobus.     

甘肃南部巴蜗牛科(腹足纲:巴蜗牛科)的种类名录

本文根据甘肃南部所辖地区采集的腹足目巴蜗牛科标本和国内外报道,对其进行系统整理研究,列出巴蜗牛科动物76种,分隶11属1科,其中30种为甘肃省新纪录.     

Bioactivity of the compounds in genus Dysoxylum

The genus Dysoxylum is a large genus comprising of about a dozen species, distributed in India. This is the genus which is rich in compounds like terpenoids and alkaloids. The isolated compounds from the genus were reported to have interesting biological activities. This review contains the chemical structures, along with their biological activities reported in the literature.     

鮊属和红鮊属模式种的订正

鲤科鮊亚科中的鱼类是东亚特有的一个类群,在我国分布甚广,种类较多,为常见的经济鱼类.有关鱼类的分类已有不少学者作过研究,本文主要讨论Cutter alburnus Basilewsky和Cutter erythropterus Basilewsky两个种的性状经订正后而涉及鮊属(Cutter)和红舶属(Erythroculter),与模式种的性状相一致的问题,并根据现有材料将鮊鱼类进行分类整理.       

Cyclorhiza and Chuanminshen—Two newly proposed genera in Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)

Cyclorhiza, a new genus based upon Ligusticum waltonii Wolff, is here proposed. From the ample materials now in our herbarium, we found that the genus differs from the species of Ligusticum. As the result of our study, the systematic position of this new genus should be considered as a member of the tribe Smyrnieae Koch. Chuanminshen, another new monotypic genus, is here also proposed. It was often considered as not different from Changium Wolff, but it is a cleary deliminated natural genus being quite remote from Changium Wolff. This new genus is quite reasonably to be placed in the tribePeucedaneae.     

A Study on Dichocarpum (Ranunculaceae)

The genus Dichocarpum was established by W. T. Wang and Hsiao in 1964, who divided the genus into 2 sections: Sect. Dichocarpum including 10 species distributed on the mainland of E. Asia, and Sect. Hutchinsonia including 9 species native to Japan. M. Tamura and L. A. Lauener made a revision of the genus in 1968, who divided the genus into 4 sections, three for the species of the mainland of E. Asia, including 3 series and 10 species, and the other for the species of Japan, including 2 subsections, 3 series and 9 species. In the present paper, the genus is divided into 2 sections and 6 series, including 15 species and 3 varieties, and a putative phylogeny of the genus is proposed. The genus may be close to the genus Asteropyrum, and these two genera are rather specialized in Thalictroides (Ranunculaceae), because they have three very similar characters: the petal with a long claw, the stephanocolpate pollen and the chromosome morphology. The genus has 2n=24, 35(36?), which indicates that its basic number is X=6, and the species on the mainland of E. Asia (Sect. Dichocarpum) may well be paleotetraploids, whereas those in Japan (sect. Hutchinsonia) are paleohexaploids. Most of the advanced species are distributed in Japan and the most primitive ones in China and the Himalayas, the distribution pattern seggests that the Japanese members of this genus might have immigrated from China in the Tertiary, and differentiated and evolved there. The putative phylogeny of the genus is shown in Fig. 2 (at series level)     

A Proposed Genus Boundary for the Prokaryotes Based on Genomic Insights

Genomic information has already been applied to prokaryotic species definition and classification. However, the contribution of the genome sequence to prokaryotic genus delimitation has been less studied. To gain insights into genus definition for the prokaryotes, we attempted to reveal the genus-level genomic differences in the current prokaryotic classification system and to delineate the boundary of a genus on the basis of genomic information. The average nucleotide sequence identity between two genomes can be used for prokaryotic species delineation, but it is not suitable for genus demarcation. We used the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) between two strains to estimate their evolutionary and phenotypic distance. A comprehensive genomic survey indicated that the POCP can serve as a robust genomic index for establishing the genus boundary for prokaryotic groups. Basically, two species belonging to the same genus would share at least half of their proteins. In a specific lineage, the genus and family/order ranks showed slight or no overlap in terms of POCP values. A prokaryotic genus can be defined as a group of species with all pairwise POCP values higher than 50%. Integration of whole-genome data into the current taxonomy system can provide comprehensive information for prokaryotic genus definition and delimitation.     

The phylogenetic relationship within the genus Carcharhinus

The phylogenetic relationships of elasmobranchs, especially sharks, are unclear. All previously made research and hypotheses indicate that there are still unsolved relationships within and between the class Chondrichthyes. To find out the relationship and sister group of this genus, the ribosomal ITS1-2 regions sequence has been chosen to differentiate the genus Carcharhinus from the blue shark (genus Prionace) and from some other genus species as an outgroup. The results show that the blue shark is a member of the genus Carcharhinus, suggesting that maybe the blue shark belongs also to the genus Carcharhinus instead of Prionace, or that there is a misclassification, Prionace being not a separate genus.     

新疆北部地区常见植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌

从新疆北部地区24种常见植物根围土壤中分离并鉴定出5属27种丛枝菌根真菌,其中球囊霉属Glomus15种,无梗囊霉属Acaulospora9种,原囊霉属Archaeospora1种,内养囊霉属Entrophospora1种,巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora1种。道氏球囊霉Glomusdominikii是新记录种。