苍山香茶菜素的结构更正

在编写“天然产贝壳杉烯型二萜成分”一书的过程中,作者对不同结构类型的贝壳杉烯型二萜,各种官能团在不同位置的取代,所引起的~1H和~(13)C化学位移的变化,仔细认真地进行了系列对照研究,从中发现了一些规律性(另报)。 本文根据上述规律性,简要阐明苍山香茶菜素的结构更正。     

苍山香茶菜素的化学结构

由采自云南大理苍山的苍山香茶菜[Rabdosia bulleyana(Diels)Hara]叶的乙醚抽提物中,分到一个新的对映-贝壳杉烯型二萜化合物,命名为苍山香茶菜素(bulleya-nin)。根据光谱和化学证据,其化学结构被阐明为对映-12β-羟基-1α,3α,7β,14α-四乙酰氧基-16-贝壳杉烯-15-酮(Ⅰ)(ent-12β-hydroxy-1α,3α,7β,14α-tetraacetoxy-16-Kauren-15-oneⅠ)。收率为生药的0.4％,它对小鼠艾氏腹水癌ECA,小鼠肉瘤S-180,小鼠肝癌腹水均显示较强抑制。 苍山香茶菜素及其衍生物的~1H NMR数据,苍山素和脱氢苍山素的~(13)C NMR 数据已指定。~(13)C NMR的指定是结合应用质子噪声去偶,偏共振去偶和相关化合物的比较。     

鄂西香茶菜甲素的化学结构

从唇形科香茶菜属植物鄂西香茶菜 Rabdosia henryi(Hemsl)Hara 干叶的乙醇提取物中分离出一个新的二萜,命名为鄂西香茶菜甲素。根据光谱及化学证据,确定其结构为7α,14β-二羟基-19α-羟甲基-16-贝壳杉烯-11,15-二酮。体外抗癌试验表明,甲素具有明显的细胞毒作用;并对金黄色葡萄球菌等有较强的抑菌作用。     

道孚香茶菜的二萜成分

从河南省新县产道孚香茶莱[Rabdosia dawoensis(Hand. Mazz.)Hara]叶中分离到两个二萜化合物,根据各种光谱数据推断一个为新化合物,其化学结构为:对映-11α-羟基-3α,6β,7α-一三乙酰氧基-16-贝壳杉烯-15-酮,命名为道孚香茶菜甲素(dowoensin A),另一个为已知化合物信阳冬凌草甲素(xindongnin A).     

胶粘香茶菜素的化学结构

从胶粘香茶菜叶的乙醚提取物中分得两个二萜化合物‘经各项光谱数据和化学反应确定,其中一个为四环二萜化合物,对映-贝壳杉烷-16β,17-二醇(ent-kauran-16β,17-diol)(1);另一个为三环二萜对映-异海松烷型(ent-isopimarane type)新化合物,命名为胶粘香茶菜素(glutinosin)(2)。对映-异海松烷型二萜化合物的分离和鉴定,对于从化学上阐明香茶菜属植物中大量存在的对映-贝壳杉烯型四环二萜化合物的生源关系有一定的学术意义。     

疏花毛萼香茶菜中一新的对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜

从疏花毛萼香茶菜（Ｉｓｏｄｏｎ ｅｒｉｏｃａｌｙｘ ｖａｒ．ｌａｘｉｆｌｏｒａ）叶中分离得到一新的对映－贝壳杉烷型二萜,命名为疏花丁素（１）,通过波谱方法鉴定了它的结构。此外,还分离得到６个已知对映－贝壳杉烷型二萜化合物：疏花甲素（２）,毛萼晶Ａ－Ｃ（３－５）和Ｑ（６）,毛萼乙素（７）,以及ｃｉｒｓｉｍａｒｉｔｉｎ（８）和２α－羟基乌索酸（９）。     

鲁山冬凌草丁素的结构

从河南省鲁山县产冬凌草叶中分得一个新的对映-贝壳杉烯型二萜化合物,命名为鲁山冬凌草丁素,经光谱和化学方法证明,其结构如(1)式所示。     

毛萼香茶菜中的一个新二萜

从毛萼香茶菜中分得8个二萜,3-乙酰毛萼结晶S、毛萼结晶甲、毛萼结晶乙、毛萼结晶丙、毛萼结晶丁、trichrokaurin、edonicin和eriocalyxin B。其中3-乙酰毛萼结晶S为新的对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜。由波谱法确定其结构。     

鲁山冬凌草乙素和丙素的结构研究

从河南省鲁山县产冬凌草叶中分得两个新的对映-贝壳杉烯型二萜化合物,命名为鲁山冬凌草乙素和丙素,经光谱和化学方法证明,它们的结构分别为(1)和(2)。     

毛萼香茶菜中的新二萜化合物——毛萼晶P

从毛萼香茶菜的叶的甲醇提取物中分离得到两个二萜化合物,ｃｏｅｔｓｏｉｄｉｎＡ和毛萼晶Ｐ,它是目前从香茶菜属分离到的仅有的两个Ｂ环具有α,β－不饱和酮结构的对映－贝壳杉烷型二萜事物,其中毛萼晶Ｐ为新化合物     

Chromosome numbers of Costa Rican grasses

Chromosome counts are presented for 217 species of 103 genera of grasses from Costa Rica. Four of the genera and 90 of the species are reported for the first time. In addition, 26 counts differ from previous records for the same taxon. The generaGynerium, Lithachne, Luziola, andThrasya were heretofore unknown cytologically. First counts are also given for the following species:Agrostis bacillata, A. pittieri, A. sub patens, Andropogon angustatus, A. bicornis, A. virgatus, Aristida capillacea, A. jorullensis, Arundinella berteroniana, A. deppeana, Axonopus aureus, A. capillaris, A. chrysoblepharis, Bouteloua americana, B. disticha, Bromus exaltatus, Calamagrostis intermedia, C. nuda, C. pittieri, Chusquea lehmannii, C. tonduzii, Cinna poaeformis, Deschampsia pringlei, Digitaria panicea, Echinochloa polystachya, Echinolaena gracilis, Eragrostis simplicijlora, Eriochloa distachya, E. polystachya, Eriochrysis cayennensis, Festuca dolichophylla, Gymnopogon fastigiatus, Gynerium sagittatum, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Imperata contracta, Isachne polygonoides, Ischaemum latijolium, Lithachne pauciflora, Luziola fragilis, Manisuris aurita, Panicum aquaticum, P. arundinariae, P. boliviense, P. cordovense, P. grande, P. haenkeanum, P. milleflorum, P. parviglume, P. pilosum, P. polygonatum, P. rudgei, P. stenodes, P. trichanthum, P. trichoides, P. viscidellum, Paspalum candidum, P. centrale, P. decumbens, P. fasciculatum, P. jimenezii, P. microstachyum, P. multicaule, P. nutans, P. parviflorum, P. pilosum, P. prostratum, P. pumilum, P. reclinatum, P. saccharoides, P. scabrum, P. serratum, P. squamulatum, P. standleyi, Pennisetum bambusiforme, P. distachyum, Pereilema beyrichianum, Pharus parvifolius, Sacciolepis myuros, Schizachyrium condensatum, Sorghastrum incompletum, Sporobolus ciliatus, S. purpurascens, Streptochaeta sodiroana, Thrasya gracilis, T. petrosa, T. robusta, Trisetum pringlei, T. tonduzii, Uniola pittieri, and Zeugites pittieri. In addition, the following counts are different from previous records for the same taxon:Aegopogon cenchroides, Axonopus poiophyllus, Bouteloua media, Brachiaria plantaginea, Chusquea subtessellata, Digitaria adscendens, Homolepis aturensis, Hymenachne donacifolia, Ichnanthus axillaris, I. pallens, I. tenuis, Ischaemum ciliare, Ixophorus unisetus, Oplismenus burmannii, O. hirtellus, Panicum geminatum, P. glutinosum, P. mertensii, P. parvifolium, P. sellowii, Paspalum convexum, Pennisetum nervosum, P. setosum, Polypogon elongalus, Raddia costaricensis, Schizachyrium hirtijlorum.     

Syllidae (Polychaeta) from Thalassia testudinum beds at Morrocoy National Park (Venezuela)

A total of 40 species of syllids (Polychaeta: Syllidae) inhabiting Thalassia testudinum beds in Morrocoy National Park, Venezuela, belonging to 13 genera, are reported; 36 species are new for Venezuela: Branchiosyllis exilis, B. oculata, Eusyllis lamelligera, Exogone arenosa, E. breviantennata, E. naidinoides, E. naidina, E. parahomoseta mediterranea, Grubeosyllis clavata, G. heterocirra, Odontosyllis detecta, O. enopla, O. gibba, Opisthosyllis brunnea, Plakosyllis brevipes, Sphaerosyllis bilobata, S. glandulata, S. magnidentata, S. piriferopsis, S. riseri, S. longilamina, S. taylori, Syllis alosae, Syllis riojai, n. comb., S. beneliahui, S. broomensis, S. cornuta, S. corallicola, S. garciai, S. hyalina, S. lutea, S. mexicana, S. prolifera, S. sardai and Xenosyllis scabra.     

Erhardorina n. g., Ascogregarina polynesiensis n. sp., Eimeria golemanskii n. sp., Isospora tamariscini n. sp., Gregarina kazumii n. nom., new combinations and emendations in the names of apicomplexan protozoa

On the basis of a review of the approximately 4300 species of apicomplexan protozoa, the following new species, new names, new combinations, and emendations are given: NEW GENUS, Erhardovina; NEW SPECIES, Ascogregarina polynesiensis, Eimeria golemanskii, Isospora tamariscini; NEW NAME, Gregarina kazumii; NEW COMBINATIONS, Ascogregarina brachyceri (Purrini, 1980), Erhardovina euzeti (Lipa, 1981), E. scutovertexi (Erhardová, 1955), Haemorhormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983); EMENDATIONS, Selenidium francianum (Arvy, 1952) Tuzet & Ormières, 1965, Pyxinioides bolitoides D. P. Henry, 1938, P. japonicus H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kamenote H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kurofuji H. Hoshide, 1951, P. oshoroensis H. Hoshide, 1951, P. pugetensis D. P. Henry, 1938, Gregarina levinei Haldar & Sarkar, 1980, Retractocephalus halticae Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu, 1982, Cnemidospora schizophylli Tuzet & Guerin, 1947, Grebneckiella indica (Merton, 1911) Watson, 1916, Quadruspinospora atractomorphae Haldar & Chakraborty, 1978, Haemogregarina acipenseri Nawrotzky, 1914, H. lobianci Yakimov & Kohl-Yakimov, 1912, H. yakimovikohlae Wladimiroff, 1910, Hepatozoon luehi (Sambon, 1909) Pessoa, Cavalheiro & de Souza, 1970, Eimeria beyerae Ovezmukhammedov, 1977, E. (?) gigantea (Labbé, 1896) Reichenow, 1921, E. (?) labbei Hardcastle, 1943, E. rufi Prasad, 1960, E. (?) scylii (Drago, 1902) Levine & Becker, 1933, Isospora corvi Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. melopsittaci Bhatia, Chauhan, Arora & Agrawal, 1973, I. seicerci Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. stomatici Chakravarty & Kar, 1944, I. triffitae Nukerbaeva & Svanbaev, 1973, Wenyonella mackinnonae Misra, 1947, Octosporella sanguinolentae Ovezmukhammedov, 1975, Lankesterella millani Alvarez Calvo, 1975, Sarcocystis woodhousei Dogel', 1916, Haemoproteus lari Yakunin, 1972, Babesia ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimoff & Shokhor, 1916), Theileria ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimov, 1916) Krylov, 1974, Haemohormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983).     

广西田东雾云洞更新世脊椎动物群

发现于广西田东雾云洞之脊椎动物化石有9目24科44属种,根据动物群的组成分析并结合地貌特征判断,其时代为中更新世或晚更新世早期。根据动物习性分析,其生存的环境为热带-亚热带温暖湿润的环境。     

竹叶的化学成分研究

测定了角竹、高节竹、五月季竹、早竹、白哺鸡竹、毛金竹6个竹种的竹叶中的化学成份,都含有生物碱、氨基酸、有机酸、鞣质、皂甙、还原糖、蛋白质、甙类、蒽醌、香豆素,甾体等有机物质。其中角竹、五月季竹、早竹、白哺鸡竹和毛金竹的竹叶还含有黄酮体,而在高节竹叶中未检出黄酮体。角竹和早竹的竹叶含有Al、Ba、Zr、Ti、Pb、Sn、Ga、Sr、Fe、Zn、B、Mg、Ca、Mn、Si、Ni、Cu、Co和Ag等19种元素,而在高节竹、五月季竹、白哺鸡竹和毛金竹的竹叶中未检出Co元素,含有18种元素。     

Illustrated keys to the anopheline mosquitoes of Myanmar.

In the newly revised and illustrated keys to 4th instar larvae and adult female mosquitoes, the following 36 Anopheles species from Myanmar are included: Anopheles aconitus, An. aitkenii, An. annularis, An. argyropus, An. barbirostris, An. bengalensis, An. culicifacies, An. dirus, An. fluviatilis, An. gigas, An. insulaeflorum, An. jamesii, An. jeyporensis, An. karwari, An. kochi, An. kyondawensis, An. lindesayi, An. maculatus, An. majidi, An. minimus, An. nigerrimus, An. nitidus, An. pallidus, An. peditaeniatus, An. philippinensis, An. pseudojamesii, An. sinensis, An. splendidus, An. stephensi, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus, An. tessellatus, An. theobaldi, An. vagus, An. varuna, and An. willmori. The new keys presented in this paper will enable public health workers to rapidly identify mosquito vectors of malaria and to distinguish them from other species in the same genera.     

Comparison between two classes of selective EP(3) antagonists and their biological activities

Two different series of very potent and selective EP(3) antagonists have been reported: a novel series of ortho-substituted cinnamic acids [Belley, M., Gallant, M., Roy, B., Houde, K., Lachance, N., Labelle, M., Trimble, L., Chauret, N., Li, C., Sawyer, N., Tremblay, N., Lamontagne, S., Carrière, M.-C., Denis, D., Greig, G. M., Slipetz, D., Metters, K. M., Gordon, R., Chan, C. C., Zamboni, R. J. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2005, 15, 527] and the acylsulfonamides of ortho-(arylmethyl)cinnamates. [(a) Juteau, H., Gareau, Y., Labelle, M., Sturino, C. F., Sawyer, N., Tremblay, N., Lamontagne, S., Carrière, M.-C., Denis, D., Metters, K. M. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2001, 9, 1977; (b) Juteau, H., Gareau, Y., Labelle, M., Lamontagne, S., Tremblay, N., Carrière, M.-C., Denis, D., Sawyer, N., Metters, K. M. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2001, 11, 747] The structural differences between the two series, along with their biological activity in vivo, in vitro, and metabolism, are analyzed. Some of those compounds, including hybrids containing the best structural features of both series, possess K(i) as low as 0.6 nM on the EP(3) receptor.     

Recent ornithological publications

Aspinwall , D.R. & Beel , C. A Field Guide to Zambian Birds not Found in Southern Africa. Beaman , M. & MADGE, S. The Handbook of Bird Identification for Europe and the Western Palearctic. Beletsky , L. The Ecotraveller's Guide to Belize and Northern Guatemala. Bellairs , R. & Osmond , M. The Atlas of Chick Development. 323 + xii pages, 63 figures, 8 tables, 2 appendices. London: Academic Press, 1998. Bibby , C, Jones , M. & Marsden , S. Expedition Field Techniques: Bird Surveys. Byrkjedal , I. & Thompson , D.B.A. Tundra Plovers: the Eurasian, Pacific and American Golden Plovers and Grey Plover. Devort , M. (ed.) The Snipe: Elements of an Action Plan. Erritzoe , J. & Erritzoe , H.B. Pittas of the World. A Monograph on the Pitta Family. Feare , C. & Craig , A. Starlings and Mynas. Frith , C.B. & Beehler , B.M. The Birds of Paradise. Knobil , E. & Neill , J.D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Reproduction. Mc Cullough , D.R. (ed.) Metapopulations and Wildlife Conservation. Meyburg , B.U., Chancellor , R.D. & Ferrero , J.J. (eds) Holarctic Birds of Prey: Proceedings of an International Conference. Mock , D.W. & Parker , G.A. The Evolution of Sibling Rivalry. Morris , P. & Hawkins , F. Birds of Madagascar: a Photographic Guide. Sinclair , I. & Langrand , O. Birds of the Indian Ocean Islands. Murrey , R.D., Holling , M., Dott , H.E.M. & Vandome , P. (eds) The Breeding Birds of South-east Scotland. A Tetrad Atlas 1988–1994. Oatley , T. & Arnott , G. Robins of Africa. Osborne , J. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird. DE LA Peña M.R. & Rumboll , R. Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica. Polhill , R. & Wiens , D. Mistletoes of Africa. Rothstein , S.I. & Robinson , S.K. (eds) Parasitic Birds and Their Hosts: Studies in Coevolution. Schmid , H., Luder , R., Naef -Daenzer , B., Graf , R. & Zbinden . N. Schweizer Brutvogelatlas: Verbreitung der Brutvögel in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein 1993–1996. Atlas des Oiseaux Nicheurs de Suisse: Distribution des Oiseaux Nicheurs en Suisse et au Liechtenstein en 1993–1996. Strads , M. Latvian Countryside Birds. Tennekes , H. The Simple Science of Flight: from Insects to Jumbo Jets. Vaughan , R. Seabird City: a Guide to the Breeding Seabirds of the Flamborough Headlands. Woods , R.W. & Woods , A. Atlas of Breeding Birds of the Falkland Islands. Blokhin , YU.YU. & Mazin , L.N. (eds) Problems of Conservation of Poorly-studied Fauna of the North, Parts 1–2 (in Russian, with English summaries). Bocca , M. & Maffei , G. Gli Uccelli della Valle d'Aosta: Indagine Bibliografica e Dati Inediti. 307 pages, 75 color photos, few black-and-white illustrations and tables. Aosta: Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, 1997 Girard , O. Echassiers, Canards et Limicoles de I'Ouest Africain. [Waterbirds of West Africa]. 136 pages, 22 colour plates, many illustrations, figures, maps. Le Château d'Olonne: Castel Editions, 1998 Ca. Low, R. Hancock House Encyclopedia of the Lories. 432 pages, 140 colour photographs. Surrey, BC: Stagg , A. & Hearl , G. A Birdwatching Guide to Cyprus. 85 pages, colour photographs, maps. Chelmsford: Arlequin, 1998 van Wetten , J.C.J. & Spierenburg , P. (eds) Waders and Waterfowl in the Floodplains of the Logone, Cameroun, January, 1993 . 76 pages, tables, maps. WIWO Report No. 67. Zeist: Working Group International Waterbird & Wetland Research,     

Book reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
BICKEL, P. J. and DOKSUM, K. A. Mathematical Statistics: Basic Ideas and Selected Topics, Volume I, 2nd edition.
BALDI, P. and BRUNAK, S. Bioinformatics: The Machine Learning Approach, 2nd edition.
GATSONIS, C., KASS, R. E., CARLIN, B., CARRIQUIRY, A., GELMAN, A., VERDINELLI, I. and WEST, M. (editors). Case Studies in Bayesian Statistics: Volume V.
LAWSON, A. B. and WILLIAMS, F. L. R. An Introductory Guide to Disease Mapping.
MACLEOD, N. and FOREY, P. L. (editors). Morphology, Shape, and Phylogeny.
FINKELSTEIN, M. O. and LEVIN, B. Statistics for Lawyers, 2nd edition.
ZWILLINGER, D. and KOKOSKA, S. CRC Standard Probability and Statistics Tables and Formulae.
WILSON, R. and CROUCH, E. A. C. Risk-Benefit Analysis.
IBRAHIM, J. G., CHEN, M.-H. and SINHA, D. Bayesian Survival Analysis.