假糙苏属两种植物的染色体数目研究

首次报道了假糙苏属两个种的染色体数目,分别为:刚毛假糙苏Paraphlomis hispida C. Y.Wu 2n=2x=34;假糙苏P.javanica(Bl.)Prain 2n=2x=34,染色体基数为17.而糙苏属染色体基数为x=10和11,因此支持将假糙苏属作为独立的属.     

唇形科独一味属和五种糙苏属植物的核形态研究

首次报道了唇形科Lamiaceae独一味属Lamiophlomis和五种糙苏属Phlomis植物的染色体数目和核型。它们的间期核均属球状前染色体型,有丝分裂前期染色体均为中间型。中期染色体核型公式如下:独一味L.rotata,2n=2x=22=18m 4sm;糙苏P.umbrosa,2n=2x=22=22m;裂萼糙苏P.ruptilis,2n=2x=22=22m;假秦艽P.betonicoides,2n=2x=22=22m;黑花糙苏P.melanantha,2n=2x=22=22m(2sat);糙毛糙苏P.strigosa,2n=6x=66=60m 6sm;染色体基数均为x=11。这表明独一味与糙苏属的糙苏组sect.Phlomoides植物具有相同的染色体基数,反映出两者较为密切的系统演化关系,推断独一味很可能是糙苏属的一个种。     

广西假糙苏属植物增补

报道假糙苏属(Paraphlomis)植物在中国广西2个新分类群和2个新记录种.2个新分类群是翅柄假糙苏(P.javanica(Blume)Prain var.pteropoda D.Fang & K. J.Yan)和白脉狭叶假糙苏(P.javanica(Blume)Prain var.angustifolia (C.Y. Wu)C.Y.Wu&H. W.Li f.albinervia D.Fang & K J.Yan).2个新记录种是刚毛假糙苏(P.hispida C.Y.Wu)和近革叶假糙苏(P.subcoriacea C.Y Wu ex H. W.Li).     

中国植物新分类群、新名称变化2021年年度报告

2021年中国共发表高等植物新分类群342个, 其中新科1个, 新属11个, 新种289个, 新亚种3个, 新变种18个, 新变型20个。新发表的物种分别属于苔类植物门(5个新种)、藓类植物门(4个新种)、石松门(3个新种)、蕨类植物门(22个新种)、裸子植物门(2个新种)、被子植物门(253个新种)。其中111个新种同时提供了详细的分子证据, 76个在发表时就依据IUCN标准被评估处于受威胁的状态。云南、西藏、四川和广西等西南4省区发表的新种最多, 共占全国新种发表总数的63.3%; 新种发现密度最高的省级行政单位是台湾、海南、云南、浙江和广东等省区。2021年中国共发表植物新组合(等级) 134个, 新名称9个; 发表国家级新记录62个; 将92个名称处理为62个名称的异名; 对7个名称进行了应用订正; 重新承认了2个属和10个物种; 新指定后选(新)模式物种49个; 还新发现多年未曾发现的物种9个, 排除物种分布7个。2021年中国高等植物净新增364个分类群, 占全国植物总数的0.98%, 230个高等植物名称发生变动, 占全国植物总数的0.62%。     

中国禾本科植物新资料(Ⅱ)

报道了我国境内新发现的2种外来禾草：宽叶臂形草[Brachiaria platyphylla (Munro ex C. Wright) Nash]和车前臂形草[B.plantaginea (Link) Hitchc.],这2物种有时被处理为尾稃草属(Urochloa)的成员。依据小穗第一颖背部具向轴性,第二外稃先端不具小尖头的形态特征,认为他们更接近于国产臂形草属(Brachiaria)的物种,编制了他们与国产近缘物种、属的分类检索表,并讨论了2外来种的潜在入侵风险。     

糙苏的药用价值与开发利用

1　植物学特性及其分布糙苏 (ＰｈｌｏｍｉｓｕｍｂｒｏｓａＴｕｒｃｚ)是唇形科 (Ｌａｂｉａｔａｅ)糙苏属中的一种多年生直立草本植物 ,茎高 5 0～10 0ｃｍ ,多分枝 ,疏被下向短硬毛。叶近圆形或卵圆形 ,全为茎生叶 ,长 5～ 12ｃｍ ,先端锐尖 ,基部浅心形或圆形 ,具柄 ;苞叶较小 ,卵形 ,具短柄。轮伞花序生于主茎和分枝之上 ,其下有被毛的条状钻形苞片 ;花萼筒状 ,长约 10ｍｍ ,花萼边缘被丛毛 ;花冠通常粉红色 ,长 1～ 2ｃｍ ,上唇边缘有不整齐的小齿 ,下唇 3圆裂 ,中裂片较大 ;雄蕊 4 ,内藏 ,花丝无毛 ,无附属器。果为小坚果 ,表面无毛…     

国产赖草属的分类修订

通过标本研究和野外考察,对中国赖草属（Leymus Hochst.）进行了分类修订。结果在中国共确认了3组、33种、7变种赖草属植物,其中多穗组包含4种,少穗组包含24种、7变种,单穗组包含5种,新报道的3个种和新修订的4个类群（即3个新组合和1个新名称）皆隶于少穗组。同时对赖草属的研究简史、属的形态特征和一些类群的地理分布也分别作了简要介绍。     

Fries所著Observationes Mycologicae(cancellans issue再版)中虫草属及其相关种的名称(英文)

Fries 1818年所著Observationes Mycologicae(cancellans issue再版)中,发表了虫草属Cordyceps及该属13个新组合(11个种,2个变种)。而在这部著作的原始版本中,它们是以Cordylia nom.illegit.和Cordylia属的13个组合记载的。17个在原始版本中缺失的名称,再版时处理为7个新种、5个新组合、2个不合法名称和3个裸名。     

中国植物新分类群、新名称2020年度报告

2020年中国共发表高等植物新分类群359个, 其中新属21个、新种312个、新亚种6个、新变种14个、新变型6个; 发表新组合(等级) 217个, 新名称11个; 发表国家级新记录48个; 将85个名称处理为65个名称的异名; 对14个名称进行了应用订正; 新指定后选(新)模式物种147个; 还新发现多年未曾发现的物种2个, 排除物种分布3个。新发表的物种中, 苔类植物门有3个、藓类植物门3个、蕨类植物门6个、裸子植物门1个新杂交种、被子植物门299个。这些新物种中, 有86个发表的同时提供了详细的分子证据, 78个在发表时就依据IUCN标准被评估处于受威胁的状态。云南、西藏、广西和四川等西南4省区发表新物种最多, 占全国新物种发表总数的2/3; 新物种发现密度最高的省级行政单位是云南、海南、台湾、广西和浙江等省区; 墨脱县是新物种发现数量最多的县级行政单位。2020年中国高等植物净新增294个分类群, 占全国总数的0.79%, 313个高等植物名称发生变动, 占全国总数的0.84%。     

云南蕨类植物小志(二)

根据PYU(云南大学蕨类植物标本室)保存的标本,报道云南蕨类植物若干新资料,内容为:3新种,2新变种,中国分布新记录2种,云南分布新记录1属3种,1个种的新组合名称,另1个种的属、科位置的订正及其新组合名称.     

Morphological and palynological studies in Phlomis L., Eremostachys Bunge and Paraphlomis Prain (Labiatae)

Information from morphology and palynology, together with anatomical, cytological and chemical data, is utilized to examine the status of the genus Phlomis and its close relatives Eremostachys and Paraphlomis.
The recognition of the genus Paraphlomis is confirmed on morphological and palynological grounds. The data also reinforce earlier opinions about the close relationship between Phlomis and Eremostachys, which show some overlap in almost all the features examined. When infrageneric groups are considered, the indumentum, calyx-shape and pollen-sculpturing in Eremostachys section Moluccelloides differ markedly from these features in Eremostachys sections Eremostachys and Metaxoides, which show close affinities with Phlomis, especially with Phlomis section Phlomoides. Phlomis sections Phlomis and Phlomoides differ in morphology, petiolar anatomy, chromosome number and constituent flavonols. Palynological data, allied to those from morphology and geography, strongly support the removal of the Chinese species, Phlomis rolata, to the genus Lamiophlomis.     

Anatomical, cytological and phytochemical studies on Phlomis L. and Eremostachys Bunge (Labiatae)

Observations made on the anatomy of Phlomis and Eremostachys confirm previous views that the two genera are closely related, but characters such as trichomes and petiole structure can be used to distinguish species and groups of species. Within Phlomis, two distinct groups can be recognized using chromosome data. Phlomis section Phlomis has fewer (2 n = 20) and larger chromosomes and Phlomis section Phlomoides has more (2 n = 22) and smaller chromosomes. Eremostachys has chromosomes corresponding to those of Phlomis section Phlomoides.
Flavones are similar in both Phlomis and Eremostachys; the shrubby species belonging to Phlomis section Phlomis also have flavonols.     

Systematic positions of Lamiophiomis and Paraphlomis (Lamiaceae) based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences

Genera Lamiophlomis and Paraphlomis were originally separated from genus Phlomis s.l. on the basis of particular morphological characteristics. However, their relationship was highly contentious, as evidenced by the literature. In the present paper, the systematic positions of Lamiophlomis, Paraphlomis, and their related genera were assessed based on nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast rpl16 and trnL-F sequence data using maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian methods. In total, 24 species representing six genera of the ingroup and outgroup were sampled. Analyses of both separate and combined sequence data were conducted to resolve the systematic relationships of these genera. The results reveal that Lamiophlomis is nested within Phlomis sect. Phlomoides and its genetic status is not supported. With the inclusion of Lamiophlomis rotata in sect. Phlomoides, sections Phlomis and Phlomoides of Phlomis were resolved as monophyletic. Paraphlomis was supported as an inde-pendent genus. However, the resolution of its monophyly conflicted between MP and Bayesian analyses, suggesting the need for expended sampling and further evidence.     

Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of two Phlomis species: A correlation study

Two traditional Chinese medicines (Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. and Phlomis megalantha Diels), as well as five pure phenolic compounds (protocatechic, chlorogenic, benzoic, rosmarinic acid, and rutin) have been studied for antioxidant activities in acetone and methanol extracts from leaves. An HPLC method was developed to quantify the amounts of 14 phenolic compounds in the leaf extracts. The antioxidant capacities of the studied species are high. Almost all samples were capable of directly scavenging DPPH and superoxide free radicals, inhibiting linoleic acid oxidation, acting as reducing agents, and reducing plasmid DNA damage induced by hydroxyl radicals. Among different extracts, the acetone extract of P. megalantha exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The major phenolic compounds identified were protocatechic, chlorogenic, caffeic, rosmarinic acid, and (−)-epicatechin. Antioxidant activities of pure compounds and correlation analysis indicated that protocatechic and rosmarinic acids were the major contributors to the observed antioxidant activities of the investigated Phlomis extracts. To cite this article: Y. Zhang, Z.-z. Wang, C. R. Biologies 332 (2009).     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定糙苏不同部位中的微量元素

利用微波消解电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定野生中药糙苏根、茎、叶、花和籽中钠、钾、钙、铁、锌、镁、锰、铜、镍、钼、铅和镉的含量,并进行了分析比较。糙苏不同用药部位的微量元素含量存在差异,其中钠、钾、钙、铁、镁在根、茎、叶、花和籽中的含量均较高,锌、锰、铜、镍、钼的含量较少,铅和镉只在根和茎中痕量存在,结果表明糙苏中含有大量人体必需的微量元素,可为进一步探讨糙苏中元素含量与其药效的相关性提供科学的理论依据。     

Flavonol glycosides of Phlomis spectabilis

Four flavonol glucosides, one new, have been isolated from a methanolic extract of Phlomis spectabilis. Their structures were established as the 3-glucosides and 3-(6″-(E)-p-coumaroyl)glucosides of kaempferol and of kaempferol 7,4′-dimethyl ether.     

中国菊属的一些新组合

菊属植物具有重要的园艺和药用价值,但在属名的使用上一直混乱。这一情况一直到最近才得以部分解决。该文报道了中国菊属的三个新组合,并给出了中国产菊属全部种类的名称和地理分布。     

Iridoid and megastigmane glycosides from Phlomis aurea

From the leaves of Phlomis aurea, two new iridoids of unique structures named 3-epiphlomurin (1) and phlomurin (2), a new megastigmane glucoside phlomuroside (3) and a new benzyl alcohol glycoside having the structure benzyl alcohol-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-glucopyranoside (4) have been isolated together with four known iridoids auroside, lamiide, 8-epiloganin and ipolamiide, two known phenolic glycosides acteoside (verbascoside) and syringin, one known phenylethanoid glycoside 2-phenylethyl-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-glucopyranoside, one known lignan liriodendrin and three known flavonoids chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-glucopyranoside, acacetin-7-O-beta-glucopyranoside and luteolin-7-O-beta-glucopyranoside. The structures of the isolated compounds were verified by means of mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analyses.     

Essential oils of Phlomis leucophracta,Phlomis chimerae and Phlomis grandiflora var. grandiflora from Turkey

The essential oils of three species of Phlomis from Turkey, Phlomis leucophracta, Phlomis chimerae and Phlomis grandiflora var. grandiflora have been studied. The main constituents of P. leucophracta essential oil were β-caryophyllene (20.2%), α-pinene (19.2%) and limonene (11.0%). This species also contained three diterpene derivatives, 15-isopimaradiene, manoyl oxide and epi-13-manoyl oxide that summed 1.4%. In P. chimerae the principal compounds were β-caryophyllene (31.6%), α-pinene (11.0%), germacrene D (6.1%), limonene (5.5%) and linalool (4.7%). In P. grandiflora var. grandiflora, germacrene D (45.4%), β-caryophyllene (22.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (4.9%) were among the principal derivatives.