川金丝猴肠,肝,胰的观察

对川金丝猴（Rhinioithecusrozxellane的肠、肝、胰作了观察。小肠全长284．0-296．0cm,其中十二指肠9．0－12．0cm,呈V形,余为空回肠。大肠长约120．0－130．0cm;无阑尾;升结肠短,仅7．0－8．0cm,横结肠19．0－20．0cm,降结肠及乙状结肠达80．0－90．0cm。肝分背、腹侧二部,腹侧部又分作上、下二部。胆总管开日于十二指肠上部。胰呈T形,胰头为十二指肠降、升部围绕,胰管由胰头发出,开口于十二指肠升部。对个体间的差别、盲结肠发达程度的相关因素、肝叶愈合与进化的关系作了讨论。     

广西唇柱苣苔属药用植物一新种

多年生小草本；根状茎伸长．圆柱形．粗0．8—1．5cm，分枝长4—11cm．密被贴伏短柔毛。叶6—12．密生于根状茎顶端，叶片干时厚纸质．卵形或卵状椭圆形，长2—5．5cm．宽1．3—3．5cm．顶端近圆形或钝形，基部楔形或近圆形．两侧稍不对称．边缘近全缘．两面密被伏贴白色柔毛．侧脉每侧3—4条．下面明显；叶柄长1—3．5cm．宽约3mm．密被白色柔毛．花葶1—5条．高4—7cm，聚伞花序有1—4朵花；连同苞片和花柄密被腺状柔毛；苞片2，对生，线状披针形，长3—4mm．宽约1．2mm。     

广西沿阶草属三新种

l白边沿阶草新种韭叶柴胡（贺县）（图1,l—2）OP＊刊W。gon。0—。从J乙n。IUsD．Fang,Sp．n。v,（Seo．Sal——nt。slH．LIetY．P．Yang）（Fig．l,12）O．r②tantiHook．f．alllnis,sedfollis6—11mmfails,braCteispod沁difslonglor且bus,florlbusll：］－＊－－－lt     

扁蓿豆体细胞胚的诱导和植株再生

扁蓿豆实生苗的根、下胚轴、子叶、叶片和叶柄外植体,在含２,４—Ｄ２—０．２５ｍｇＬ－１与ＫＴ０．２５－２ｍｇＬ－１及２,４—Ｄ０．５ｍｇＬ－１与ＺＴ０．５ｍｇＬ－１或ＢＡＰ０．５ｍｇＬ－１与ＮＡＡ０．０５ｍｇＬ－１的ＭＳ琼脂培养基上均可产生愈伤组织．愈伤组织在含２,４—Ｄ０．５—０．１ｍｇＬ－１与ＫＴ０．５—０．１ｍｇＬ－１或ＢＡＰ０．２５＋ＮＡＡ０．０５ｍｇＬ－１的ＭＳ培养基上可诱导分化出体细胞胚．体细胞胚在无激素的培养基上发育成完整植株．用海藻酸钠包襄体细胞胚制成人工种子,其发芽率和植株转换率分别为９５％和５３％．     

苍鹭营巢习性的初步观察

2000年3－4月在辽宁省凌源市对苍鹭的营巢习性进行观察表明：苍鹭在营巢过程中雄性外出取材,雌性筑巢,营巢期6－9天;雄性取材次数随着营巢天数的增加而增多,每日取材次数有两个高峰期,即上午7－9时、下午3－5时;巢平均值为外径50cm,内径29．2cm,巢高24cm,巢深11cm,巢材主要为树木枯枝。     

云南黄檀属一新种

乔木高sin;／J’枝具皮孔,被短柔毛．羽状复叶长10一14cm;托叶早落;小叶3一4对,厚纸质,椭圆形或倒卵形,长1．3—5．5cm,宽0．7—3．5cm,先端微缺,稀圆钝并有小尖头,基部圆形或楔形,稀浅心形,两面被伏贴短柔毛,下面中脉上毛较密。圆锥花序顶生,长5—7cm,被...     

兜兰属宽瓣亚属（广义）的被充研究

对新种小囊兜兰Paphiopedilum globulosum与新变种扁球兜兰P.micranthum var.oblatum作了描述与绘图。两者均为采自云南东南部的栽培植物,与硬叶兜兰P.micranthum近似。但小囊兜兰具有宽得多的叶（宽2．8－3．4cm),先端多少呈钩状、宽1．1－1．2cm的辱瓣,以及与唇瓣囊口几乎同样大小的退化雄蕊,而扁球兜兰则叶宽2．2－3cm,唇瓣扁球形,囊深不超过1cm,可区别于硬叶兜兰。上述种类均属于宽瓣亚属（广义）。该亚属有16个种产中国、越南或两地共有。本文提供了分种检索表。     

广西报春花属二新分类群

1广西报春新种图1PrimulaapicicallosaD．Fang,sp．nov．（Sect．ObconicolisteriBalf．f．）Affinisp．obconicaeHance,sedfoliisovatisvelovato－lanceolatis,suprasparsimadpresso－setulosis,apiceacutisrecedit．Herbaperennis,efarinosa;rhizoma5—10mmlongumet5—7     

长白山北坡不同土壤N2O和CH4排放的初步研究

用箱法技术原位测定了长白山北坡不同土壤（苔原土、生草森林土、棕色针叶林土和暗棕色森林土）６—８月间的Ｎ２Ｏ和ＣＨ４排放．结果表明,这些土壤既是Ｎ２Ｏ的源,又同时是ＣＨ４的汇．Ｎ２Ｏ通量变化于６．１７—１２．３３μｇ·ｍ－２·ｈ－３之间（平均９．３７μｇ·ｍ－２·ｈ－１）,ＣＨ４通量为－８５．６３—－７．５８μｇ·ｍ－２·ｈ－１（平均－４１．４５μｇ·ｍ－３·ｈ－１）,并观察到在Ｎ２Ｏ排放和ＣＨ４吸收之间有着相互消长关系．实验室培养实验表明,最大反硝化作用活性存在于土壤上层（０—６ｃｍ）;不同土壤的反硝化作用活性明显不同．山地暗棕色森林土的ＣＨ４吸收作用也主要发生在土壤的上层（０—１２ｃｍ）．     

杉木观光木混交林细根的分布

对27年生混交比例为2行杉木和1行观光木的混交林和杉木纯林群落细根分布的研究表明,杉木和观光行间的杉木细根密度虽比极木行间的低8．5％,但观光木细根密度则高152．09％,其细根总密度比杉木与杉木行间的大10．43％。混交林中杉木各径级活动根密度呈单峰型分布,均以5－10cm土层最大,而观光木各径级各活细根主要分布在0－10cm土层内。纯林杉木各径活细根密度亦基本呈单峰型分布,但峰值出现在10－20cm或20－30cm土层。不同树种不同径级死细根的分布均与其各自的活细根分布相似。混交林中灌木细根密度在30－40cm的土层最大,而纯林中的灌木细根集中于0－10cm的表土层;混交林和纯林中的草木细根均集中在0－5cm土层。与纯林的相比,混交林中杉木细根主要分布的土层明显上移,表层土壤细根所占比重增大,有利于更好利用土壤养分和提高群落生产力。     

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 genotype and stage of lactation influences milk fatty acid composition of Canadian Holstein cows

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of the bovine stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene have been predicted to result in p.293A (alanine at amino acid 293) and p.293V (valine at amino acid 293) alleles at the stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 locus. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the extent to which genotypes at the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 locus and stage of lactation influence milk fatty acid composition in Canadian Holstein cows. Cows with the p.293AA genotype had higher C10 index, C12 index and C14 index and higher concentrations of C10:1 (10 carbon fatty acid with one double bond), C12:1 (12 carbon fatty acid with one double bond) and myristoleic acid (C14:1) compared with the p.293AV or p.293VV cows. Cows had higher C18 index and total index, and lower C10 index, C12 index, C14 index and CLA index during early lactation compared with the subsequent lactation stages. Early lactation was also characterized by higher concentrations of oleic acid (C18:1 cis -9), vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans -11), linoleic acid (C18:2), monounsaturated fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lower concentrations of capric acid (C10:0), C10:1, lauric acid (C12:0), C12:1, myristic acid (C14:0), myristoleic acid (C14:1), palmitic acid (C16:0) and total saturated fatty acids compared with the subsequent lactation stages. Neither the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 genotype nor the stage of lactation had an influence on conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk.     

PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON GASTRODIA ELATA BLUME. 2.EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC GASTRODIN AND ITS GENIN ON THE HEART AND SMALL INTESTINE

Gastrodin is a phenol-glucoside, obtained from Gastrodia elata Blume (Fam.Orchidaceae) by Investigator Zhou Jun and other of The Institute of Botany of Kun-ming, Academia Sinica. The structural formula of gastrodin is p-hydroxymethy phenyl -β-D-glucopyranoside, its chemical formula is C13H18O7, forming a white pin cry-stals, with a melting point of 154-156℃. It is synthetized now.In a previous paper, the authors reported the sedative and anticonvuisant effects of synthetic gastrodin and its genin. The prescnt paper reports the subacute toxicity and the effects of gastrodin and its genin on the heart and small intestine as followg.     

樟科植物中脂肪酸成分的分布

本文报道了樟科11个属49种种子油和‘种果肉油的脂肪酸成分。其中樟族和木姜子族的各属种(滇新樟除外)种子油脂肪酸成分以 C_(10)、C_(12)和 C_(14)饱和或烯酸为主。而厚壳桂属、润楠和楠属种子油脂肪酸成分主要为棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸。山苍子、天目木姜子、大果山胡椒、山橙、红脉钓樟、鸭公树和锈叶新木姜子种子油中的 C_(10)、C_(12)和 C_(14)烯酸经分离鉴定均是顺式Δ~4烯酸。     

STUDY ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SAUSSUREA LAPPA II

Seven compounds were isolated from the underground parts of Saussurea lappe in-cluding three steroids, pregnenolone (1), β-sitosterol (2), daucosterol (3); a phenylpropanoid glycoside, syringin (4); a lignan glycoside, l- hydroxypinoresinol-l-β- D- glucopyrano side (5); a straight chain fatty acid and an its propanedinyl ester, (z, z) -9, 12 -octadecadienoic acid (6), (z,z)- 9, 12 -octadecadienoic acid -2- hydroxy -1, 3 -propanedinyl ester (7). The structures of these compounds were determined by means of spectral and some chemical evidence. Moreover, among the seven compounds, compound 1 as a natural product has been isolated from plantS for the first time, compounds 3,4,5 and 7 have been obtained from this plant source for the first time.     

Metabolic engineering for the production of dicarboxylic acids and diamines

Microbial production of chemicals and materials from renewable carbon sources is becoming increasingly important to help establish sustainable chemical industry. In this paper, we review current status of metabolic engineering for the bio-based production of linear and saturated dicarboxylic acids and diamines, important platform chemicals used in various industrial applications, especially as monomers for polymer synthesis. Strategies for the bio-based production of various dicarboxylic acids having different carbon numbers including malonic acid (C3), succinic acid (C4), glutaric acid (C5), adipic acid (C6), pimelic acid (C7), suberic acid (C8), azelaic acid (C9), sebacic acid (C10), undecanedioic acid (C11), dodecanedioic acid (C12), brassylic acid (C13), tetradecanedioic acid (C14), and pentadecanedioic acid (C15) are reviewed. Also, strategies for the bio-based production of diamines of different carbon numbers including 1,3-diaminopropane (C3), putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane; C4), cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane; C5), 1,6-diaminohexane (C6), 1,8-diaminoctane (C8), 1,10-diaminodecane (C10), 1,12-diaminododecane (C12), and 1,14-diaminotetradecane (C14) are revisited. Finally, future challenges are discussed towards more efficient production and commercialization of bio-based dicarboxylic acids and diamines.     

动物气味的顶空取样技术及其在水貂肛腺成分分析中的应用

我们设计了一种用于动物气味的顶空 (headspace)取样装置 ,并结合溶剂解吸附和气质联用技术 ,通过对水貂 (Mustelavision)肛腺分泌物的挥发性成分的分析验证这种装置的可行性。出现 5个气谱峰 ,对应的质谱显示其分子量和分子式依次为峰 1:10 2 (C5H10 S)、峰 2 :10 4(C5H12 S)、峰 3:10 2 (C5H10 S)、峰 4:136(C5H12 S2 )和峰 5 :134 (C5H10 S2 )。峰 1、峰 3和峰 5分别为以前研究所鉴定出的 3种主要成分 :2 ,2 二甲基硫代环丁烷、2 乙基硫代环丁烷和 3,3 二甲基 1,2 二硫代环戊烷 ,2 ,2 二甲基硫代环丁烷为优势成分 ,组成无性别间差异。这些结果与以前研究一致 ,说明了这种顶空取样装置的可靠性。峰 2和峰 4两种成分以前在水貂肛腺中未曾发现 ,初步分析可能分别为 3 甲基 1 丙基硫醇和 1,5 戊二硫醇。尽管这两个成分有待进一步分析确定 ,但可以肯定分子量为 10 4和 136的成分不仅在水貂肛腺分泌物中没有发现过 ,而且在已经研究过的鼬属动物和食肉类的肛腺中都未发现过 ,能检测出更多的成分 ,说明这种方法的可靠性很高。     

棘托竹荪挥发油化学成分及抑菌作用的研究*

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取棘托竹荪的挥发油,得油率为0.45%。.应用气相色谱—质谱联用系统首次对其挥发油的化学成分进行研究。以FFAP柱分离出36个峰,用质谱法鉴定出28个成分,其主要成分为13-甲基-环氧十四烷-2-酮 (23.53%)、亚油酸(17.56%)、芹子烯(12.37%)、棕榈酸(8.20%)、9-十六碳烯酸(7.84%)、(-)-Lepidozenal(7.82%)等, 占总挥发油的97.76%。对挥发油进行抑菌试验,其结果为:桔黄青霉、啤酒酵母最敏感, 黑根霉、黑曲霉次之,白色假丝酵母、金色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌稍差。     

无量山种子植物区系的特有现象

地处滇中南的无量山地区迄今计有种子植物207科,1026属,2540种。其中有东亚特有科10个,中国特有属27个,无量山特有种67个。这一地区不仅植物种类丰富,而且特有现象较为显著。在对科级特有现象进行较细致的研究后,本文认为无量山具有的较多的分类系统上隔离的东亚特有科反映了该地作为东亚古老植物区系的一部分,其地质历史与整个东亚是一致的,且与东亚植物区系的发端密切相关。属的特有现象表明,地处中国特有属高频率中心区云南腹地的无量山,却没有相应的高比例中国特有,说明我国高频率区的特有程度质和量上不是均一的,在此之外存在一些次级中心区;无量山明显处于滇西北、滇东南两大中国特有属多样性中心之间。种的特有现象中,中国特有种的各亚型显示了这里区系的亚热带性质;67个特有种所隶属的属的分布区类型的分析表明了由热带性质向温带性质的过渡,而较低的特有种比例,说明无量山的地理隔离程度并不高,时间也不长。     

Arachidonic acid metabolism in isolated pancreatic islets. III. Effects of exogenous lipoxygenase products and inhibitors on insulin secretion

Isolated pancreatic islets from the rat have been demonstrated by stable isotope dilution-mass spectrometric methods to synthesize the 12-lipoxygenase product 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) in amounts of 1.7 to 2.8 ng per 10(3) islets. No detectable amounts of 5-HETE and only trace amounts of 15-HETE could be demonstrated by these methods. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and BW755C have been demonstrated to inhibit islet 12-HETE synthesis and also to inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion. Inhibition of insulin secretion and of 12-HETE synthesis exhibited similar dependence on the concentration of these compounds. Eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetrynoic acid (ETYA) also inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion, as previously reported, at concentrations which inhibit islet 12-HETE synthesis. Exogenous 12-HETE partially reversed the suppression of glucose-induced insulin secretion by lipoxygenase inhibitors, but exogenous 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE), 15-HPETE, 5-HPETE, 15-HETE, or 5-HETE did not reverse this suppression. These observations argue against the recently suggested hypothesis that islet synthesis of 5-HETE modulates insulin secretion. Suppression of glucose-induced insulin secretion by ETYA, BW755C and NDGA may be due to inhibition of the islet 12-lipoxygenase by these compounds. The possibility that other processes involved in glucose-induced insulin secretion are inhibited by ETYA, BW755C and NDGA cannot yet be excluded.     

Analysis of prostaglandins formed from endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid in homogenates of human reproductive tissues

Isotope-labelled arachidonic acid has been used to study in vitro formation of prostaglandins and other products in mammalian tissue. Quantitative conclusions about cyclooxygenase activity have been drawn from such studies. However, arachidonic acid is present in all tissues, free and esterified, and therefore it can be expected that endogenous arachidonate would interfere with transformation of the radioactive exogenous substrate. (1-14C)-labelled arachidonate was, therefore, incubated with homogenates of various human tissues (amnion, chrorion, placenta and myometrium), and the two molecular forms, 12C and 14C, of arachidonic acid as well as of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha were quantitated, before and after 30 min of incubation, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with multiple ion detection. The results demonstrate a substantial release of arachidonic acid into the medium during incubation. There was no correlation between either the initial concentration of [12C]arachidonic acid and initial concentration of [12C]prostaglandin E2 or the percent increase of those compounds during incubation. The net formation of [12C]prostaglandin E2 and [14C]prostaglandin E2 from endogenous and exogenous precursor, respectively, were also very different. The study shows that by simply incubating (1-14C)-labelled arachidonic acid in tissue homogenates and measuring the amount of radioactivity transformed into various prostaglandins only qualitative conclusions can be drawn.