中国横断山的地衣研究（6）：灰梅属地衣修订

通过对灰梅属（Canoparmelia）表型与基因型相结合的研究,澄清了云南南部报道的珊瑚大叶梅（Parmotrema conformatum）是裂芽灰梅（C.ecaperata）的错误鉴定。由于珊瑚大叶梅和裂芽灰梅在经典分类鉴别上容易混淆,通过r DNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,证明了裂芽灰梅与粉芽灰梅（C.texana）及同心灰梅（C.concrescens）有较近的亲缘关系;首次记录了粉芽灰梅在云南的分布范围;文中对两个新记录种进行了详细描述和讨论,并给出了中国已知灰梅属的检索表。     

梅花草属四个种的新异名

将丽江梅花草(Parnassia lijiangensis Ku)处理为凹瓣梅花草(P．mysorensis Heyne ex Wight et Am．)的异名;彝良梅花草(P．yiliangensis Ku)处理为大叶梅花草(P．monochorifolia Franch．)的异名;思茅梅花草(P．simaoensis Y．Y．Qian)处理为鸡眼草(P．wightiana Wall．ex Wight ＆ Am．)的异名;龙胜梅花草(P．longshengensis Ku)处理为宽叶梅花草(P．dilatata Hand．-Mazz．)的异名。     

记裂头鳄属(Dibothrosuchus)一新种

本文记述的裂头鳄属-新种 (Dibothrosuchus xingsuensis sp. nov.)的标本采自云南禄丰盆地下禄丰组深红层.通过描述,对裂头鳄属属级特征作了补充.新种的头骨中鳞骨缺失降突;方骨极度向前背方伸展,形成大的耳凹,乌喙骨具后腹突,以及具有鳄类式的腕骨等,表明裂头鳄属应改属为楔形鳄科 (Sphenosuchidae).根据该科各属的头骨中方骨与脑颅侧壁的连接关系,可以清楚地看到楔形鳄科在这局部解剖学上存在一连续的发展过程.在形态上,裂头鳄属和南非的 Sphenosuehus (典型属)最为相近.     

中国梅花草属( 梅花草科) 一些种类的订正

在标本研究和野外观察的基础上, 对中国分布的梅花草属( Parnassia) 的一些种类进行了修订, 将披针瓣梅花草( P. lanceolata) 、窄瓣梅花草( P . angustipetala) 与德格梅花草( P. degeensis) 归并入云南梅花草( P. yunnanensis) ; 将贵州梅花草( P. petimenginii ) 归并入峨眉梅花草( P. faberi ) ; 将矮小梅花草( P. humillis ) 归并入三脉梅花草( P. trinervis) ; 将青海梅花草( P . qinghaiensis) 归并入高山梅花草( P. cacuminum); 将康定梅花草( P . kangdingensis) 归并入类三脉梅花草( P. pusilla) 。     

地衣的有性生殖

地衣的繁殖是以破裂,或粉芽、珊瑚芽和碎裂片等营养繁殖方式为主,但作为较高一级的生殖方式——有性生殖,对地衣的生活同样具有重要意义。作为地衣的共生藻,大多数形态简单,无特殊分化的繁殖器官,一般仅以二裂形式增加其数目。于是研究地衣的有性生殖,基本上就变成了研究与之共生的真菌的性生有殖。构成地衣的共生菌只有一种属藻状菌纲;约有16种属担子菌纲,如产于热带的毛布衣(Dictyonema sericeum)印是在其原叶体下表面发育成担子,担子上生出4个担子梗,     

中国大陆的梅衣科Ⅵ.梅衣类地衣中的八个中国新记录种

迄今为止,从广义梅衣属分出属名多达40个左右,称之为梅衣类属群（parmelioid genera）。形态学和/或分子生物学研究已将其中某些属合并。目前使用的属名约为33个,它们包括的地衣称之为梅衣类地衣（parmelioid lichens）,有1,500余种。中国有梅衣类地衣20个属近200种。报道其中的8个中国新记录种。它们是：平坦北极梅Arctoparmelia separata,美洲条衣Everniastrum lipidiferum,墨西哥条衣Everniastrum mexicanum,裂芽皱梅Flavoparmelia baltimorensis,东亚黄髓梅Myelochroa hayachinensis,宽蛇纹梅衣Parmelia marmorophylla,小裂片梅衣Parmelia pseudolaevior,疱突大叶梅Parmotrema pustulatum。     

互叶梅科系统位置评述

互叶梅科(Amborellaceae)一属一种。形态学研究显示互叶梅(Amborella,tricopoda Baill．)具有许多原始性状。大多数最新的分子系统发育研究显示,互叶梅科是现存被子植物的最基部类群。但有关互叶梅科的系统位置存在争议。被子植物(有花植物)的起源和辐射一直是植物学家关注的热点。本文将对该科系统位置的研究历史与现状进行评述。     

西沙群岛永乐环礁琛科2井的珊瑚藻组成及其水深指示意义

本文对中国南海西沙群岛琛科2井中新世以来的珊瑚藻组成进行了初步研究,共识别出3科4亚科11属,包括石叶藻亚科石叶藻属(Lithophyllum)和蟹手藻属(Amphiroa);宽珊藻亚科似绵藻属(Spongites)、新角石藻属(Neogoniolithon)和石孔藻属(Lithoporella);珊瑚藻亚科让氏藻属(Jania)和珊瑚藻属(Corallina),无节珊瑚藻亚科中叶藻属(Mesophyllum)、奇石藻属(Aethesolithon)和石枝藻属(Lithothamnion);孢石藻亚科孢石藻属(Sporolithon)。并得出以下认识:(1)珊瑚藻类群,指示浅水环境;无节珊瑚藻类群,指示深水环境;宽珊藻类群,指示最浅水环境;石叶藻类群,指示浅水环境。(2)琛科2井自下而上分为7个组合:让氏藻属-珊瑚藻属-石孔藻属组合;奇石藻属组合;中叶藻属-石枝藻属组合;似绵藻属组合;石枝藻属组合;中叶藻属-石叶藻属组合;石孔藻属-石叶藻属组合。(3)878.21 m的珊瑚礁碳酸盐岩心,以309.00-312.00 m为界,分为两个大沉积旋回。第一个沉积旋回珊瑚藻组合经历了具关节的珊瑚藻属-让氏藻属-石孔藻属组合,奇石藻属组合,石枝藻属-中叶藻属组合,似绵藻属组合的变化,反映了水体由浅加深,到最后又变浅的过程;第二个沉积旋回珊瑚藻组合出现了似绵藻藻属组合,石枝藻组合,中叶藻属-石叶藻属-石孔藻属组合,石叶藻属组合的变化,反映了水体由浅加深再变浅的珊瑚藻组合的相应变化。     

灰锤科的六个新种

1973—1977年,在内蒙古自治区和宁夏回族自治区采到了灰锤科Tulostomataceae 的6个新种,分隶于灰锤属Tulostoma和裂顶灰锤属Schizostoma.属于灰锤属的是：短柄灰锤,沙漠灰锤和贺兰灰锤。属于裂顶灰锤属的是：百灵庙裂顶灰锤,乌兰布和裂顶灰锤和磴口裂顶灰锤。这二属全部种类的孢体均有对胃出血和外伤出血的止血作用,是有医疗价值的药用真菌资源。全部模式标本保存在山西大学生物系植物标本室。     

中国歧裂灰包属Phellorinia Berk.的研究

根据对产于中国的材料的研究,作者认为歧裂灰包属Phellorinia应包括2个种,歧裂灰包P.inquinans和球果歧裂灰包P.strobilina,对这2个种进行了详细描述和显微绘图,并给出了该属种的检索表。     

Contributions to the Lichen Flora of the Hengduan Mountains,China (6): Revisional Study of the Genus Canoparmelia (Lichenized Ascomycota,Parmeliacaea)

A revision of Canoparmelia from the Hengduan Mountains (Yunnan, China) revealed the occurrence of Cecaperata, based on specimens previously identified as Parmotrema conformatum. Cecaperata is hereby reported as new to the flora of China. The study also led to the identification of Ctexana as a component of the flora of Yunnan. In order to make sure the systematic position of these species, a phylogenetic analysis of rDNA ITS sequence was also carried out in this paper, indicating that Cecaperata is closely related to Ctexana and Cconcrescens. Detailed information and discussion of these two new records are provided, together with a key to all the known taxa of Canoparmelia recorded from China. Following our revision, Parmotrema conformatum should be excluded from the flora of China.     

Nitrogen-fixing chemo-organotrophic bacteria isolated from cyanobacteria-deprived lichens and their ability to solubilize phosphate and to release amino acids and phytohormones

AIMS: Cyanobacteria-deprived lichens of the species Canoparmelia caroliniana, Canoparmelia crozalsiana, Canoparmelia texana, Parmotrema sancti-angeli and Parmotrema tinctorum were screened for the presence of chemo-organotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-three lichen samples subjected to enrichment selection using a nitrogen-free minimal medium were positive for acetylene reduction. Seventeen isolates, able to fix nitrogen, belonged to Gamma-proteobacteria group and were identified as: Acinetobacter sp., Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas stutzeri, Serratia marcescens and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, according to 16S rRNA gene sequences and biochemical tests. The excretion of amino acid and phytohormone and the ability of mineral phosphate solubilization were determined in 14 isolates. All isolates were able to release amino acids and 3-indoleacetic acid. About 64% of the isolates solubilized phosphates and 30% released ethylene. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm sparse evidence from the literature on the occurrence of chemo-organotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in cyanobacteria-deprived lichens; the isolates presented physiologic features which might benefit the host if they are expressed when the bacteria are harboured by lichens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Chemo-organotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from a high percentage (72.6%) of cyanobacteria-deprived lichens. All isolates presented important physiological characteristics, some of which are being described here for the first time.     

Revision on Cephalostachyum Munro (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in China

Species of Cephalostachyum Munro (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from China are distributed in Yunnan and Tibet, mainly in Yunnan. In this paper, we discussed species of Cephalostachyum and compiled a key to species from China, based on recent studies on micromorphological characters of leaf epidermis and molecular phylogenetics of paleotropical woody bamboos. There is a total of seven species of Cephalostachyum distributed in China, all in Yunnan: Cchinense (Rendle) DZ. Li et HQ. Yang, Cfuchsianum Gamble et Hook. f., Cmannii (Gamble) Stapleton et DZ. Li, Cpallidum Munro, Cpingbianense (Hsueh et YM. Yang ex Yi et al.) DZ. Li et HQ. Yang, Csanguineum (WP. Zhang) DZ. Li et HQ. Yang and Cscandens Bor. Leptocanna Chia et HL. Fung and Cvirulentum YM Yang et F. Du are synonyms of Cephalostachyum Munro and Cfuchsianum Gamble et Hook. f. respectively. On the other hand, Cpergracile Munro and Cvirgatum (Munro) Kurz are morphologically closer to Schizostachyum Nees than to Cephalostachyum, and they should be treated as members of Schizostachyum. This paper is of significance to a worldwide revision of Cephalostachyum.     

A New Species of the Genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae)from Yunnan,China

A species of the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae), Cmaguanensis, is described as new from Yunnan Province, China, and the diagnostic differences between it and its putative close ally are given.     

马关铁线莲,云南毛茛科一新种（英文）

描述了自云南发现的毛茛科铁线莲属一新种——马关铁线莲,并给出其与近缘种的区别特征。     

Molecular phylogeny of parmotremoid lichens (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae)

Parmotrema is one of the larger genera segregated from Parmelia s. lat. Additional genera recently have been segregated from this large genus based mainly on morphological and chemical features. We have employed molecular data from three genes to continue a revision of the generic concept within the parmelioid lichens. A Bayesian analysis of nuclear ITS, LSU rDNA and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences was performed. The genera Canomaculina, Concamerella, Parmelaria and Rimelia appear nested within Parmotrema. Alternative hypotheses to maintain the independence of Canomaculina, Concamerella and Rimelia are shown to be highly unlikely and are rejected. As a consequence these three genera are reduced to synonymy with Parmotrema. An alternative topology segregating Parmelaria from Parmotrema s. lat. cannot be rejected with the dataset at hand. However we have established that this genus is closely related to Parmotrema rather than to cetrarioid species as was considered previously. The revised genus Parmotrema includes species that have an upper cortex consisting of a palisade plectenchyma or rarely paraplectenchyma with vaults, have a pored or fenestrated epicortex, lack pseudocyphellae, have or lack cilia, have laminal, perforate or eperforate apothecia, usually have simple rhizines and filiform, cylindrical, bacilliform or sublageniform conidia. It is closely related to Flavoparmelia but the status of these genera requires further investigation. Nineteen new combinations are made.     

Notes on Melanoseris lessertiana (Lactucinae,Asteraceae) and Morphologically Allied Species in the Pan Himalayan Region

Based on detailed study of available specimens and perusal of literature, it is shown that Melanoseris lessertiana or Mulgedium lessertianum is not present in China and corresponding reports in the floristic literature of China actually refer to a species originally described as Mulgedium qinghaicum, and correctly placed as Melanoseris qinghaica, a species here reported for the first time also for Bhutan. Mqinghaica can be clearly distinguished from Mlessertiana by achene shape and anther tube length. The rare and little known Yunnan endemic, originally described as Lactuca monocephala and tentatively considered as conspecific with Mlessertiana recently, is confirmed as an independent species related to the Matropurpurea complex. Of two recently described species from N Pakistan and Kashmir morphologically allied to Mlessertiana, Cicerbita alii is confirmed as a separate species and transferred to Melanoseris, while Castorensis is considered as conspecifc with Mlessertiana.     

云南竹亚科一些属种的增订

报道了云南竹亚科新名称１个,新组合１个,新异名１个,发现１个不合格名称,１个属在云南分布的新记录和１个种在我国分布的新记录。同时讨论了单枝竹属和空竹属的地理分布。     

New species and new records of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae) from India

Abstract:The paper deals with six species of Parmotrema from India. Parmotrema awasthii Divakar & Upreti and Parmotrema upretii Divakar are described as new to science. Parmotrema defectum (Hale) Hale, P. ravum (Krog & Swinscow) Sérus., P. stuhlmannii (C.W. Dodge) Krog & Swinscow and P. tsavoense (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow, are new records for the Indian lichen flora.