论紫堇属的系统演化与区系发生和区系分区的关系

紫堇属ＣｏｒｙｄａｌｉｓＤＣ．是紫堇科Ｆｕｍａｒｉｃａｅａｅ的最大属,也是北温带分布型的大属之一。本属自建立以来,迄今尚无完整的分类系统,甚至连属的命名人,后造属模式以及属下分类单位的划分均存在许多争议,本文根据作者们二十多年来在国内外有关标本室收集的模式标本和有关东亚,南亚标本,经过鉴定整理,首次将本属划分为两大类群,即Ｃｒｏｙｄａｌｉｓ群和Ｐｉｓｔｏｌｃｈｉａ群和４０个组,并初步建立了一个较全     

中国紫堇属曲花紫堇组的研究

曲花紫堇组(Sect.Rapiferae)是1936年由Fedde建立的,当时大约有20种。我们在做中国植物志的过程中,对大量标本进行了分析研究后,本组已是包括有41种的大组。模式种:曲花紫堇Corydalis curviflora Maxim。     

浙江紫堇属植物的种类,分布和利用

在编写《浙江植物志》和紫堇属Corydalis Vent.植物药源开发研究过程中,作者自1982年开始对浙江的紫堇属植物作了标本补充采集和鉴定整理工作,对种类、分布特点、与邻近地区的关系及经济用途做了初步研究,现将结果整理如下。一、种类紫堇属全世界有300多种,主产亚洲,我国有200多种,全国均有分布,以西南地区     

中国紫堇属曲花堇组的研究

曲花紫堇组(Sect．Rapiferae)是1936年由Fedde建立的,当时大约有20种。我们在做中国植物志的过程中,对大量标本进行了分析研究后,本组已是包括有41种的大组。模式种:曲花紫Corydalis curviflora Maxim．     

中国紫堇属大叶紫堇组的分类与分布

本文叙述大叶紫堇组在紫堇属(Corydalis)中的系统位置以及其分布区的原始性,同时记载了隶属于5个系的23种9变种和1变型,其中有4个新系,7个新种和7个新变种。     

紫堇属模式标本馆藏现状及分析

模式标本是发表新种的依据,对稳定物种学名至关重要。紫堇属(Corydalis DC.)隶属于罂粟科(Papaveraceae)荷包牡丹亚科(Fumarioideae)紫堇族(Corydaleae),是分类学研究的困难属之一。该研究首先基于《中国植物志》、Flora of China以及全球物种名录查询获得被认可的526个紫堇属物种,然后通过检索全球数字化植物标本数据库(JSTOR)、全球生物多样性信息网络数据库(GBIF)和中国数字植物标本馆(CVH)获得了其中395个物种1 894份模式标本,最后对获得的标本信息进行核实、整理和归纳,提取模式类型、馆藏地、采集人、模式产地和采集时间等关键信息进行统计分析。结果表明:紫堇属每个物种平均仅有约5份模式标本; 该属模式标本散落在全球80个标本馆中,其中超过85%为国外采集者采集。未来应当结合文献,加强对该属模式标本的信息考证和规范化整理。     

同域分布的紫堇属三种植物的繁育系统和传粉差异

为研究近缘物种之间繁育系统分化对传粉环境的适应性意义,本文针对湖北地区的3种紫堇属植物（紫堇Corydalis edulis Maxim.、尖距紫堇C.shearer S.Moore.和小花黄堇C.racemosa（Thunb.） Pers.）进行了传粉生态学研究,对比分析了它们在花部特征、分布模式、花期、交配系统、传粉系统等方面的差异。3种紫堇属植物常见伴生现象,花期有一定重叠;花色、距长、花蜜量等方面均有显著差异;尖距紫堇交配系统为自交不亲和、依靠传粉者异花授粉;而紫堇和小花黄堇交配系统为自交亲和,兼有自交和异交的混合交配系统。3个物种均由蜂类传粉,且花部性器官与传粉者的接触部位一致,但访花频率差异较大。在混合群落中,传粉者访花具有较高的忠实性,花部特征差异可能是传粉者选择性访花的原因。对于紫堇属3个物种,花部特征和交配系统的分化有助于其避免传粉过程的相互干扰,交配系统与传粉环境具有一定相关性,混合交配系统可能有利于提高植物对不同生境和气候的适应性。     

中国的紫堇属延胡索亚属的分类、分布、演化趋势及其用途

延胡索亚属(Capnites DC)是紫堇属中较进化的一群,不少种类有药用价值。约57种,中国有17种,3变种,10变型。 自从De Candolle(1821)按地下器官的性状将紫堇属分成三个亚属以来,几乎所有学者都赞同用地下器官来划分属下的类群,因为在紫堇属中地下器官较地上器官具有较稳定的性状(Ryberg 1960)。但是,能否分成不同的亚属却有不同的认识。     

重订藤山柳属的分类——续谈植物分类学工作方法

藤山柳属Clematoclethra(猕猴桃科)是中国特有属之一。本文作者研究了该属植物的外部形态,统计了473张标本,结合地理分布,得出本属是一个单种属,并且是一个多型种的结论。此种分为4个亚种。这与中国植物志的作者将本属分为20种和4变种不同。 本文作者虽强调标本室分类是生物系统学研究的基础,是必不可少的一步,但这种分类,其方法上必须根据大量标本,从研究性状变异开始,然后确定各分类群的划分和等级,最后才根据植物命名法规的模式方法,给予它们正确名称。作者还根据本属的姊妹群猕猴桃属和它们的外类群水东哥属的地理分布,推断本属是一个新特有属。     

紫堇属植物苄基异喹啉类成分研究进展

全球紫堇属Corydalis约400余种,广泛分布于北温带和非洲南部地区。在我国,该属多种物种作为民间用药具有上千年历史。紫堇属植物富含异喹啉生物碱,对该类成分通常以回流、超声加热、湿法超微粉碎法和酶解辅助技术等方法提取,并使用溶剂分离法、硅胶柱色谱法、反向填料柱色谱法、HPLC法、离子交换树脂法、高效逆流色谱法和活性引导技术等方法进行分离纯化法。紫堇属生物碱有效部位或单体成分都具有较强药理活性,现代药理学表明,该属所含生物碱类成分对心脑血管、抗肿瘤、镇痛、消炎、保肝和抗血小板凝集等均具有显著的药理作用。本文对已报道的紫堇属植物生物碱类成分的结构类型、特征、药理作用以及提取分离方法研究进行综述,为植物药用化学成分富集和安全用药提供借鉴。     

中华青荚叶的一个新果糖酯

从山茱萸科中华青荚叶( Helwingia chinensis )的乙醇提取物中分离得到一个新果糖酯和十个已知化合物.通过现代波谱技术分别鉴定为:2- O -(E)-咖啡酰-3- O -(3, 5-二甲氧基香豆酰)-α-D-呋喃果糖甙(1),2- O -β-D-呋喃果糖基α-D-异吡喃糖酯(2),甘草甜素(3),4′-羟基-7- O -葡萄糖-2, 3-二羟黄酮甙(4),黄豆甙(5),5-葡萄糖芹菜甙(6),7- O -葡萄糖芹菜甙(7),4- O -葡萄糖香豆酸(8), 葡萄糖咖啡酸(9), 3β-赤杨醇(10), 薯蓣皂甙3- O -{α-L-鼠李糖吡喃糖基(1→2)-[α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃糖} (11).     

Biotransformation of raspberry ketone and zingerone by cultured cells of Phytolacca americana

The biotransformation of raspberry ketone and zingerone were individually investigated using cultured cells of Phytolacca americana. In addition to (2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol (2%), (2S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol (5%), 4-[4-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)phenyl]-2-butanone (19%), 4-[(3S)-3-hydroxybutyl]phenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (23%), and (2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)but-2-yl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (20%), two biotransformation products, i.e., 2-hydroxy-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxybutyl]phenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (12%) and 2-hydroxy-5-[(3S)-3-hydroxybutyl]phenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (11%), were isolated from suspension cells after incubation with raspberry ketone for three days. On the other hand, two compounds, i.e., (2S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)but-2-yl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (17%) and (2S)-2-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-[4-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]butane (16%), together with (2S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanol (15%), 4-[4-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-butanone (21%), and 4-[(3S)-3-hydroxybutyl]-2-methoxyphenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (24%) were obtained upon addition of zingerone. Cultured cells of P. americana can reduce, and regioselectively hydroxylate and glucosylate, these food ingredients to their beta-glycosides.     

Geranyl flavonoids from the leaves of Artocarpus altilis

Five geranyl dihydrochalcones, 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-{4-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-5-yl}-1-propanone (2), 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4-dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]-1-propanone (4), 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(3,4-epoxy-4-methyl-1-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]-1-propanone (5), 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]-1-propanone (8), and 2-[6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2(E),7-dienyl]-2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (9), along with four known geranyl flavonoids (1, 3, 6, 7), were isolated from the leaves of Artocarpus altilis. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means and by comparison with the literature values. Compounds 2, 4, and 9 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against SPC-A-1, SW-480, and SMMC-7721 human cancer cells.     

钮子瓜化学成分研究

从民间药物钮子瓜全草95%乙醇提取物中首次分离得到14个化合物,应用波谱方法及与已知品对照的手段鉴定它们为(2S,3S,4R,10E)2[(2R)2-羟基二十四烷酰氨基]10十八烷-1,3,4-三醇(1)、(2S,3S,4R)2-二十四烷酰胺基十八烷-1,3,4-三醇(2)、胡萝卜苷(3)、swertish(4)、苯甲酸(5)、水杨酸(6)、loliolide(7)、胸腺嘧啶(8)、尿嘧啶(9)、(23Z)-9,19-环阿尔廷-23-烯-3β,25-二醇(10)、(20S,22E,24R)5α,8α-表二氧麦角甾6,22二烯3β醇(11)、十六烷酸1甘油酯(12)、大豆脑苷Ⅰ(13)、(22E,24S)24甲基5α胆甾7,22二烯3β,5α,6β三醇(14)。     

Receptor binding affinity and thermolysin degradation of truncated and retro-inverso-isomeric ANF analogs

The peptides H-Phe-Gly-Gly-Arg-Ile-Asp-Arg-Ile-NH2 (rANF8-15-NH2), Ac-Phe-Gly-Gly-Arg-Ile-Asp-Arg-Ile-NH2 (Ac-rANF8-15-NH2), and their corresponding retro-inverso-isomeric peptides H-D-Ile-D-Arg-D-Asp-D-Ile-D-Arg-Gly-Gly-D-Phe-NH2 (D-rANF15-8-NH2), Ac-D-Ile-D-Arg-D-Asp-D-Ile-D-Arg-Gly-Gly-D-Phe-NH2 (Ac-D-rANF15-8-NH2), were evaluated for their ability to compete for the binding of 125I-rANF5-28 to cultured spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) aortic smooth muscle cell membranes. Their stability toward hydrolysis by the neutral endopeptidase thermolysin was also studied. The octapeptides rANF8-15-NH2 and Ac-rANF8-15-NH2 bound with IC50's of 367 pM and 1900 pM, respectively, but were rapidly hydrolyzed by thermolysin. Retro-inverso-isomers were prepared to provide molecules with an improved enzymatic stability. The retro-inverso-isomers were completely stable to thermolysin but were virtually inactive in the binding assay (IC50 greater than 1 microM).     

Two New Norlignans and a New Lignanamide from Peperomia tetraphylla

Two new cyclobutane-type norlignans, methyl rel-(1R,2S,3S)-2-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (1), and methyl rel-(1R,2R,3S)-2-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (2), and a new lignanamide, 3-hydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-α-[4-(2-{N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethenyl)-3-methoxyphenoxy]-4-methoxycinnamamide 4,8″-ether (3), along with five known amides, 4-8, were obtained from the whole plant of Peperomia tetraphylla. Their structures were elucidated mainly by the analysis of NMR and MS data. The new compounds 1-3 and the known compound 4 were tested for their cytotoxic activities against the HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma), A549 (human lung cancer), and HeLa (human cervical cancer) cell lines. Compound 4 showed significant cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines with an IC(50) value of 9.4 ± 1.0?μM.     

New glycosides from Tetracentron sinense and their cytotoxic activity

One novel neolignan (tetracentronsine; 1), one new indole alkaloid (=3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-indole-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside; 2), and two new phenol derivatives, 3-{2-[(beta-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenyl}propanoic acid (3) and methyl 3-{2-[(beta-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenyl}propanoate (4), together with six known compounds were isolated from the stem bark of Tetracentron sinense. Their structures were determined by spectral analysis, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, and MS analyses. These compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against human leukaemia cells in vitro. Among them, compound 2, (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]prop-2-enamide (5), and maslinic acid (6) showed significant inhibitory activities against human leukaemia cells CCRF-CEM and its multidrug-resistant sub-line, CEM/ADR5000, with IC50 values in a range of 7.1 to 29.7 microM.     

Chemical synthesis of peptide fragments of the hormone-specific beta-subunit of human follicle-stimulating hormone

In order to determine the specific antigenic determinants of human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH), hFSH-beta peptides with amino acid residues 33-49 (V2), 95-118 (V3), 76-118 (V3 + 1/2 C2), 1-33 (V1 + C1), 22-33 (1/2C1), and 95-107 (V3 + 1/4C2) according to the nomenclature of Stewart and Stewart [Stewart, M., & Stewart, F. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 116, 175] as well as additional peptides with the residues 93-107, 91-107, 89-107, 87-107, and 85-107 were chemically synthesized. The peptides were examined in radioimmunoassay systems of FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). V3 + 1/2C2 and V1 + C1 showed immunological activity, whereas the other peptides did not. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against these peptides and examined for specific binding with hFSH, LH, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and hCG. V3 + 1/2C2 as well as V1 + C1 produced antisera, which specifically bound hFSH, hLH, and hTSH, indicating that the amino acid sequences contained in hFSH-beta peptides V3 + 1/2C2 and V1 + C1 share common antigenic sites with hLH and hTSH. Antisera were produced in rabbits against hFSH-beta, against reduced and S-aminoethylated hFSH-beta (AE-FSH-beta), and against AE-FSH-beta coupled to hemocyanin. Reduced and S-aminoethylated beta-subunit of FSH-beta coupled with hemocyanin produced antisera in rabbits that specifically bound only hFSH and not hLH, hTSH, or hCG.     

Hormone secretion by preimplantation embryos in a dynamic in vitro culture system.

Bovine embryos recovered from superovulated donors on Days 8-18 postestrus were cultured in vitro in a tissue perifusion system to quantify hormone secretion. Embryos were cultured for 24 h at 37 degrees C in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented 5% v/v with heat-treated, charcoal-stripped calf serum; 100 IU/ml penicillin; and 100 micrograms/ml streptomycin. The medium was saturated with 5% CO2 in air and perifused at 50 microliters/min (3 ml/h). Estrone (E1) estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostacyclin (PGI2) were quantified by RIA in 6-h pools of perifusate fractions. Estrone was measurable (pg/h/embryo; mean +/- SE) on Days 13 (10.80 +/- 4.56) and 15 (34.80 +/- 9.80); E2 on Days 11 (36.80), 12 (81.28 +/- 29.80), 13 (11.75 +/- 4.09), 15 (157.20 +/- 112.60), and 16 (30.26 +/- 8.76); and P4 (ng/h/embryo) on Days 13 (0.5-1.0) and 17 (approximately 1.5). PGE2 was secreted by Day 10 bovine embryos during the last 6 h of culture (19-24 h) and throughout culture for Day 11-18 embryos. The rate of PGE2 secretion increased (p less than 0.05) over the previous days(s) at Days 13 and 17. The mean (+/- SE) secretion rates (pg/h/embryo) for the 24-h culture by embryonic ages were as follows: Day 11 (63.39 +/- 14.61), 12 (172.10 +/- 30.90), 13 (3094.08 +/- 283.35), 14 (1633.89 +/- 49.98), 15 (3739.23 +/- 1082.79), 16 (4955.37 +/- 1381.83), 17 (11893.23 +/- 1188.48), and 18 (13827.99 +/- 3587.88).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

攀援孔药花化学成分研究

从攀援孔药花全草95%乙醇提取物中首次分离得到19个化合物,通过波谱数据或与已知物对照,它们分别鉴定为:(2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2R)-2-羟基-二十一酰胺基]-二十一烷-1,3,4-三醇(1)、(2S,3S,4R)-2-二十四酰胺基-十八烷-1,3,4-三醇(2)、胡萝卜甙(3)、β-谷甾醇(4)、(20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-表二氧-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)、6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(6)、十六烷酸-1-甘油酯(7)、桦木酸(8)、大黄素(9)、二十二烷酸-1-甘油酯(10)、对羟基苯甲醛(11)、十七烷酸-1-甘油酯(12)、金色酰胺醇乙酸酯(13)、十九烷酸-1-甘油酯(14)、棕榈酸(15)(、E)-p-香豆酸(16)、(22E,24S)-24-甲基-5α-胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(17)、2-去氧-β-蜕皮激素(18)和auranamide(19)。