不同生态条件对人工林杨树木材物理力学性质的影响

在施肥与未施肥、淹水与未淹水两种生态条件下,以杨树人工林木材I-69杨为对象,对木材年轮宽度、基本密度、干缩性质、主要力学性质进行了测试,并对数据进行了统计、对比和分析.结果表明,施肥处理后,木材年轮宽度、静态抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度分别增大0.99%、2.73%和1.06%;全干时和气干时的径向、弦向、体积全干干缩率分别降低了4.2%、7.7%、6.6%、15.6%、6.3%和11.1%;木材密度、抗弯强度、动态抗弯弹性模量则分别降低了2%、1.79%、8.13%.与未淹水相比,季节性淹水对I-69杨木材密度、木材干缩率和力学性质的影响较大,二者差异显著(P＜0.05).其中木材密度、全干时和气干时的径向、弦向、体积干缩率、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量以及顺纹抗压强度分别降低了5.5%、11.1%、9.2%、9.6%、16.7%、10.9%、8.5%、24.29%、18.18%和16.81%.     

杉木人工林木材力学性质与纤维形态关系的研究

应用正交试验设计方法对不同林龄、立地条件和林分密下杉木人林木材力学性质,纤维形态的测定结果为基础,采用多元线性回归方法,对杉木人工林木材力学性质与纤维形态的关系进行相关分析和回归分析,结果表明：杉木人工林木材顺纹抗压强度,抗弯强度等十一项力学性质指标与纤维长度,纤维宽度、壁厚、腔径、壁腔比之间存在极显著的相关关系。     

油杉木材物理力学性质研究

对油杉Keteleeria fortunei木材的物理与力学性质进行测定与比较,结果表明,油杉木材的气干密度为0.576 g·cm~(-3),全干密度为0.544 g·cm~(-3),属中密度木材。油杉木材的气干径向、弦向和体积干缩系数分别为4.408%、3.272%和7.892%,气干差异干缩为1.347,油杉木材具有不易开裂和变形的特征。油杉木材的抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度分别为92.701、57.217 Mpa,端面、弦面和径面硬度分别为4635.9、3420.8和3606.8 N,其抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度和硬度均属中等。50年生油杉木材的物理力学性质优于22年生马尾松Pinus massoniana、湿地松Pinus elliottii和28年生杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata、秃杉Taiwania cryptomerioides。     

血液保存过程红细胞力学性质变化及其机制探讨

该文探讨了血液保存过程中随着保存时间的增加红细胞的细胞力学性质改变及其分子基础。应用原子力显微镜分别对不同保存时间的库存血红细胞力学性质进行检测,获得相应的力–距离曲线。对不同保存时间的红细胞硬度、变形性进行评估。对不同存储时间的红细胞脂质过氧化和膜蛋白巯基含量进行检测。对红细胞膜蛋白进行SDS-PAGE和免疫荧光染色,分析其膜骨架蛋白分布、含量和相互作用的变化,探讨力学性质变化分子机制。研究发现,血液保存过程中,保存3周后红细胞杨氏模量显著增加,细胞硬度增大,力学性质下降(1 d:0.54±0.27 k Pa;21 d:0.71±0.57 k Pa;42 d:1.33±0.70 k Pa)。此时,红细胞脂质过氧化程度增加,膜蛋白巯基含量下降,膜蛋白巯基交联聚簇化,形成高分子聚合物(high molecular weight,HMW)。研究证明,库存血存储时间过长会导致细胞力学性质下降,成为影响输血质量的重要因素。     

长白山地区不同海拔紫椴枝叶解剖构造比较分析

利用常规石蜡切片法,光学显微镜观察,对长白山地区不同海拔紫椴枝叶解剖构造进行观察并比较分析。结果表明：从600～1100 m范围内紫椴的生长情况良好;紫椴一、二年生枝条和叶片的解剖构造都随海拔的升高呈现一定变化规律;海拔的变化对枝叶不同解剖构造影响不同;综合观察,700～900 m之间应为紫椴在长白山地区的最适宜生长的海拔高度。     

人工污水对秋茄幼苗形态及解剖构造的影响

在温室中建立模拟的秋茄湿地系统,对照组用人工海水,其余组分别用３种不同浓度的人工污水定时定量对模拟系统进行灌溉,持续１年。结果表明污水影响植物根系的发,胚轴、茎和叶片的形态结构相应发生变化,这些变化应该是秋茄幼苗为适应污染而主动产生的,因此其抗污性较强。     

广西金花茶木材解剖研究

本文对采自广西的14种金花茶木材进行解剖研究。管孔类型为散孔材至似半环孔材;木射线二列为主。全为异形组织;结晶体丰富。而且只存在于方形或直立射线细胞中。在射线细胞或轴向薄壁细胞腔中,可见一些细胞核及细胞质。细胞核的出现与物种的生态环境有关,生长于石灰土的金花茶,其木材中可见细胞核,而生长于酸性土的则不见。     

榉树叶片解剖构造和叶肉细胞超微结构的观察

对取自不同季节的榉树(Zelkova schneideriana hand.-Mazz.)叶的解剖构造和叶肉细胞超微结构进行了观察。榉树叶表面被密集锥状单细胞毛,幼叶则还有头状腺毛。气孔多分布在叶下表面,为不规则型。上表皮细胞外壁具有明显的角质层加厚,局部上表皮由2层细胞组成。叶肉细胞分化为栅栏组织和海绵组织;栅栏组织1—2层细胞;海绵组织发达,常与气孔相连。叶肉有含晶细胞存在。叶脉的维管束鞘明显,是厚壁细胞。成熟叶肉细胞细胞器丰富,有8-9个周壁叶绿体,为巨大的长椭圆形,基粒片层清晰,有淀粉粒,少量脂滴。叶片开始转变颜色时,叶绿体由长椭圆形变得趋于圆形;基粒片层逐渐变得杂乱至模糊不清;脂滴数目增多。秋季叶色不同的榉树叶片解剖构造存在一定差异。     

人工污水对秋茄幼苗形态及解剖构造的影响

在温室中建立模拟的秋茄湿地系统, 对照组用人工海水, 其余组分别用3 种不同浓度的人工污水定时定量对模拟系统进行灌溉, 持续1 年。结果表明污水影响植物根系的发育, 胚轴、茎和叶片的形态结构相应发生变化, 这些变化应该是秋茄幼苗为适应污染物而主动产生的, 因此其抗污性较强。     

Lactic acid/wood-based composite material. Part 2: Physical and mechanical performance

The synthesis of an innovative bio-composite material based on wood and lactic acid oligomers has been reported in Part 1. As a continuation of this previous work, this paper examines the bio-composite material’s physical and mechanical performance. Properties were assessed in terms of dimensional stability, decay resistance, leaching, bending, shearing, compression and hardness testing. It has been shown that physical performance of the bio-composite was highly improved, in spite of high leaching mass loss. The mechanical structural properties were not strongly affected, except in decrease of shearing resistance due to the middle lamella degradation. An increase in hardness properties was also noticed.     

菜用香椿良种选育性状的模糊综合评判

采用模糊数学方法对菜用香棒１６个不同种源的无性系从形态、颜色、香气、抗病性四个方面进行了综合评判,筛选出了接近选育目标的５个菜用优良无性系。     

影响陕西种源香椿硬枝插条培养生产芽菜因素的研究

试验结果表明,陕西种源香椿硬枝插条在温室进行芽菜培育休眠芽萌发的最低温度指标为16.8℃,有效积温39.6℃。培养液;（NH4）2SO40.6g/L (NH4)H2PO40.45g/L KH2PO41.1g/L CaSO40.6g/L MgSO40.5g/L,其效果较其它溶液为好。     

不同生长期香椿叶片的抗氧化活性及其抗氧化作用分析

采用分光光度法,研究了不同生长期香椿叶片的抗氧化活性,并对其抗氧化作用进行了分析。结果表明,阴干处理对香椿总抗氧化力无显著影响,不同生长期的香椿总抗氧化力无显著差异;香椿嫩芽、嫩叶和老叶提取物均有清除.OH的作用,老叶、嫩叶对.OH的清除率均显著大于嫩芽,且阴干香椿对.OH的清除率均显著高于同一生长期的新鲜香椿,尤以阴干老叶的清除率最高;不同生长期的香椿提取物均有抑制亚油酸过氧化的作用,在低浓度时,嫩芽提取物对亚油酸过氧化的抑制率显著高于嫩叶或老叶,而在高浓度时,不同生长期香椿叶提取物对亚油酸过氧化的抑制率无显著差异。     

海桑属(Sonneratia)植物的木材结构及其系统演化意义

研究了海桑科海桑属(Sonnerotia)6种植物的木材结构特征,并与同科的八宝树属(Duabanga)、千屈菜科的紫薇属(Lagerstroemia)植物的木材结构进行比较。结果表明：1.射线高度和射线宽度可作为卵叶海桑区别于其它种类的鉴定特征或辅助特征;2．海桑属形成一单系的类群,并与紫薇属有更近的亲缘关系,而与同科的八宝树属的亲缘关系更远;3．导管数量特征的聚类分析可以推测海桑属植物沿两支进化,一支进化为水分输导效率高的种类(即导管直径宽和输导面积大,管孔密度小,如海桑和拟海桑),另一支进化为水分输导安全性高的种类(即导管直径窄、输导面积小,管孔密度大,如杯萼海桑、卵叶海桑、无瓣海桑、海南海桑)。     

Bayesian analysis of Douglas-fir hydraulic architecture at multiple scales

We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to analyze the variation in xylem anatomy, hydraulic properties, and the relationship between anatomy and properties within Douglas-fir trees. The hierarchical scales in our study included fertilization treatments (fertilized and unfertilized), trees within the treatments, and positions within the trees. We measured tracheid diameter, tracheid length, percent latewood, number of pits per cell, density, and specific conductivity (K _s) on seven positions in each of 16 fertilized and 16 unfertilized trees: the trunk at cambial age 52 (breast height), 25, and 5; a branch at cambial age 20 and 7; and a root at cambial age 42 and 22. Vulnerability to embolism was also measured on the oldest trunk, branch, and root positions. For any measurement, there was little variation between treatments, however, there was great variation among positions. Tracheid diameter, tracheid length, number of pits per cell, K _s, and vulnerability to embolism decreased vertically from the roots to the branches. Correlations were evident between some positions for tracheid diameter, percent earlywood, pits per cell, and vulnerability to embolism, mostly in the fertilized treatment. We found evidence for large-scale relationships (among all observations from all trees) between density and tracheid diameter, K _s and diameter, vulnerability and diameter, K _s and pits per cell, and vulnerability and pits per cell. At a smaller scale of within position, however, usually only the branches and roots maintained the relationship.     

Relationship between wood anatomy,tree-ring widths and wood density of Pinus sylvestris L. and climate at high latitudes in northern Sweden

In this study, wood anatomy, tree-ring width and wood density of Pinus sylvestris at the northern timberline in Fennoscandia were used to identify relationships among the parameters and to screen them for their climatic signals. Furthermore we investigated the influence of the juvenile wood section for all parameters developed. The measurements of wood anatomy were conducted with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) while the density profiles were produced using an Itrax MultiScanner. We developed chronologies of ring width, wood density and anatomy for a period between 1940 and 2010. Correlations between wood density and wood anatomy were strong in the latewood part. For some wood anatomy and density chronologies youth trends were found in the juvenile part. Wood density decreased from the pith up to the 9th ring and stabilized afterwards, while cell lumen diameter and lumen area increased simultaneously up to the 15th ring. All chronologies contained strong summer temperature signals. The wood anatomical variables provided additional information about seasonal precipitation which could not be found in wood density and tree-ring widths. Our study confirmed previous results stating that the parameter maximum density contains the strongest climate signal, that is, summer temperatures at the northern timberline. Nevertheless, the intra-annual data on tracheid dimensions showed good potential to supply seasonal climatic information and improve our understanding of climatic effects on tree growth and wood formation.