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1.
罗汉果营养器官的结构 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
1.罗汉果根、茎、叶的结构与葫芦科其它植物大致相似。不同之处有三方面:(1)叶子主脉中维管束为5个;(2)叶子中有硅质细胞成群分布;(3)块根具异常次生生长。在次生木质部中围绕导管形成形成层,由之分化出多个具韧皮部与木质部的小维管束。2.叶中的硅质细胞分布于表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织中,多个细胞集合在一起。其细胞壁加厚并硅质化,细胞内容物消失。推测与增加叶子的支持力量有关。3.罗汉果雌株叶子上、下表皮气孔数之比为0.04,雄株为0.03,比值均很低,同时根据叶的解剖结构推测罗汉果为C_3植物。4.雌株叶子下表皮单位面积气孔数比雄株的多26%,差异很显著,值得进一步研究简化观察统计方法,以用于鉴别幼苗的性别。 相似文献
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罗汉果皂甙的含量测定 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
从罗汉果中提取强甜味剂罗汉果皂甙,并进行了初步分离,以香草醛-高氯酸比色法测定了大中小三种罗汉果中总皂甙的含量,经方差分析,大、中罗汉果总皂甙含量无显著差异,而小果皂甙含量大于中、小中果,提取单位皂甙所需原材料价格以小果为低。若将其作为甜味剂开发使用,以小果最为经济。为开发利用商品性差、价格低的小果,提供了实验研究依据和开发利用途径。 相似文献
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通过对蒙古黄芪营养器官解剖结构研究表明,根为典型的双子叶植物根的结构,初生结构由表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,初生木质部和初生韧皮部在分化过程中呈外始式,初生木质部四原型,皮层内具凯氏带;茎由表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,维管束为外韧无限维管束;叶为异面叶,由表皮、叶内和叶脉组成,栅栏组织排列紧密且整齐,细胞呈长柱形,海绵组织排列疏松且不整齐,细胞呈海绵状,有大量气隙,叶脉维管束发达,为外韧无限维管束,叶上下表皮均具有气孔. 相似文献
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研究了槲寄生和北桑寄生茎、叶和吸器的结构,结果表明:槲寄生三年生茎稍肉质化,无周皮,有极厚的角质层;皮层有7个纤维束,薄壁组织发达;木质部中亦含有大量薄壁组织;韧皮部发达;簇晶及大量粘稠物质在茎中广泛分布。槲寄生叶肉质化,厚1.44 mm; 角质层发达,厚度为9.06~13.4 μm;叶肉无栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化。北桑寄生茎与正常木本植物茎的结构相似,木质部为典型的环孔材;韧皮部含有石细胞;髓部细胞壁厚,单纹孔明显。北桑寄生叶较薄,叶脉发达,无栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化。两种植物的吸器结构相似,由薄壁组织和螺纹导管组成,它们的螺纹导管长度相同,但槲寄生导管的直径是北桑寄生的2.5倍。 相似文献
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采用石蜡切片和光学显微技术对闽楠(Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.)Yang)营养器官的解剖结构及其生态适应性进行了研究。结果显示,闽楠为典型异面叶,叶片中脉发达,维管束呈扇形,导管径向排列,韧皮部外侧有大量韧皮纤维分布。上表皮外侧具角质层,下表皮外侧无角质层,下表皮细胞呈犬牙状向外凸起,有表皮毛和气孔分布,气孔为双环型、外凸;栅栏组织由1层细胞组成,海绵组织由3~4层细胞组成。茎的初生结构中,表皮轻微角质化,厚角细胞5~6层,薄壁细胞5~7层,维管束为外韧型;茎的次生结构中,表皮外部角质层加厚,木栓层细胞3~4层,木栓形成层细胞1层,栓内层细胞2~3层,维管束紧密排列连成环状,次生韧皮部和次生木质部发达,形成层细胞2~3层。根的次生结构中木栓层细胞5~6层,木栓层内侧具1层木栓形成层,栓内层细胞2层。闽楠营养器官的解剖结构特征一方面呈现出阴生植物的特点,另一方面也对阳生和旱生环境具有一定的适应性。 相似文献
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各种植物的同一种营养器官行使相同的功能,在形态结构上就有共同的特性。但有些植物在进化过程中,其营养器官适应不同的环境而行使特定的生理功能,其形态结构就发生变异,历经若干世代后,变异愈来愈明显,成为该种植物的遗传特性,这种现象称为器官的变态。营养器官的变态现象在蔬菜植物中普遍存在,现将常见蔬菜植物的营养器官变态现象分述如下: 变态根蔬菜植物的变态根主要是适应于贮藏大量的养分,如淀粉、糖分、矿物质等。通常把变态根分为肉质根和块根两种。 相似文献
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川芎叶精油的化学成分 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用毛细管气相色谱和色谱-质谱-计算机联用系统对不同时期采摘的川芎叶精油化学成分进行了研究。从50m×0.25mm键合甲基硅酮弹性石英毛细管柱分离出来的202个和200个色谱峰中,初步鉴定出44个组分。其主要成分随采摘季节不同而有所不同。川芎有效成分之一——藁本内酯在早期(1986、3)采摘的叶精油中含量只有0.36%,而在较晚(1986、4)采摘的叶精油中达16.92%。 相似文献
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川芎,抚芎与藁本的花粉形态及其亲缘关系 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
本文讨论了我国传统中药伞形科藁本届Ligusticum L.植物藁本L. sinense、川芎L. sinense cv. Chuanxiong、抚芎L. sinense cv. Fuxiong的花粉形态及其相关性状,我们认为:川芎和抚芎与藁本相比,花粉形状变异很大,展示出明显的差异,但却仍然保留了藁本属矩形花粉类型的特征。其相关性状亦有不少相似性。因此,赞同将川芎、抚芎作为藁本的栽培变种。 相似文献
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The vegetative characters of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. cv. Fuxiongare described in comparison with L. chuanxiong Hort. and L. sinense Oliv. The chromosomenumbers and karyotypes of the three taxa were studied in root tip cells by Feulgen’s squashmethod. Their karyotypes are determined as follows: L. chuanxiong, K(2n)=22=16 m+4sm+2st (sat); L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong, K(2n)=33=24 m+6sm+3st (sat); L. sinense, K(2n)=22=12 m+6sm+2sm (sat)+2st (sat). The karyotypic similarities are found between L. chuanxiong and its cultivariety, butthe former is a diploid while the latter probably is a homologous triploid. 相似文献
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中国珍稀植物裸芸香精油化学成分研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
裸芸香(PsilopeganumsinenseHemsl.)又名山麻黄,为芸香科裸芸香属多年生宿根草本植物,是我国特有的单种属植物。裸芸香生长在海拔100~380m的草丛和荒坡上,主要分布在鄂西、川东等地区,资源稀少,属我国第二批公布的珍稀保护植物〔1~3〕,全草入药,主治疟疾、感冒发烧、支气管炎、跌打损伤,其精油化学成分未见报道。为寻找新的药用活性成分,合理地开发利用裸芸香,并为该植物的化学分类提供科学资料,我们对其枝叶精油化学成分进行了研究。1 实验部分1.1 样品来源裸芸香采自湖北省巴东县… 相似文献
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A new variety of Ligusticum L. (Umbelliferae), L. sinense var.hupehense collected from Hubei province, is described in this paper.. Cytological investigation shows that the new plant is a diploid, with the karyotypic formula2n=22=14m+ 8sm. The parameters of chromosomes and the idiogram are given.The comparison of ARC (arm ratio curve) diagram between the new variety andL. sinense is also given. 相似文献
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Fadia S. Youssef Razan Hamoud Mohamed L. Ashour Abdel Nasser Singab Michael Wink 《化学与生物多样性》2014,11(5):831-841
The essential oils isolated from the fresh flowers, fresh leaves, and both fresh and air‐dried stems of Eremophila maculata (Scrophulariaceae) were characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. Sabinene was the major component in most of the oils, followed by limonene, α‐pinene, benzaldehyde, (Z)‐β‐ocimene, and spathulenol. The leaf and flower essential oils showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against five Gram‐positive and four Gram‐negative bacterial strains, multi‐resistant clinical isolates from patients, i.e., methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as two yeasts. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs) were between 0.25 and 4 mg/ml. 相似文献
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Ram S. Verma Amit Chauhan Rajendra C. Padalia Sanjeev K. Jat Sanjog Thul Velusamy Sundaresan 《化学与生物多样性》2013,10(4):628-641
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae), commonly known as ‘curry leaf tree’, is a popular spice and condiment of India. To explore the diversity of the essential‐oil yield and aroma profile of curry leaf, growing wild in foot and mid hills of north India, 58 populations were collected during spring season. M. koenigii populations were found to grow up to an altitude of 1487 m in north India. Comparative results showed considerable variations in the essential‐oil yield and composition. The essential‐oil yield varied from 0.14 to 0.80% in shade‐dried leaves of different populations of M. koenigii. Analysis of the essential oils by GC and GC/MS, and the subsequent classification by statistical analysis resulted in four clusters with significant variations in their terpenoid composition. Major components of the essential oils of investigated populations were α‐pinene ( 2 ; 4.5–71.5%), sabinene ( 3 ; <0.05–66.1%), (E)‐caryophyllene ( 11 ; 1.6–18.0%), β‐pinene ( 4 ; <0.05–13.6%), terpinen‐4‐ol ( 9 ; 0.0–8.4%), γ‐terpinene ( 8 ; 0.2–7.4%), limonene ( 7 ; 1.1–5.5%), α‐terpinene ( 6 ; 0.0–4.5%), (E)‐nerolidol ( 14 ; 0.0–4.1%), α‐humulene ( 12 ; 0.6–3.5%), α‐thujene ( 1 ; 0.0–2.5%), β‐elemene ( 10 ; 0.2–2.4%), β‐selinene ( 13 ; 0.2–2.3%), and myrcene ( 5 ; 0.5–2.1%). Comparison of the present results with those in earlier reports revealed new chemotypes of M. koenigii in investigated populations from Western Himalaya. The present study documents M. koenigii populations having higher amounts of sabinene ( 3 ; up to 66.1%) for the first time. 相似文献
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分别采用点滴法、三角瓶熏蒸法和小叶碟添加法测定了藁本(Ligusticum sinense Oliv.)提取物对粘虫(Mythimna separata Walker)和小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)幼虫的触杀、熏蒸和拒食活性,同时也测定了对黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor L.)蛹的生长发育有抑制作用,并对其致毒症状、作用方式进行了初步探讨。结果表明,不同溶剂提取物中,丙酮冷浸提取物对粘虫毒杀活性较高;其丙酮提取物对粘虫和小菜蛾3龄幼虫均具有较高触杀及熏蒸活性,24h触杀LD50分别为0.062 3mg干样/头和0.150 2mg干样/头;12h熏蒸LC530分别为24.3422 mg干样/L和10.601 5mg干样/L;对黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor L)蛹的生长发育有抑制作用,ID50为6.5157mg干样/头;粘虫中毒后先后表现出兴奋、痉挛、麻痹等症状,最后死亡;对黄粉虫蛹生长发育的抑制作用类似于保幼激素活性。 相似文献
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A comparison of morphology, karyotype and the chemical compounds among“Jinxiong”, Ligasticum chuanxiong Hort. and L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong shows that “Jin-xiong”, like L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong, is a triploid and its karyotype is similar to that ofL. chuanxiong with the formula K(2n)=33=24m+6sm+3st(SAT). Thin-layer chromatography of essential oils extracted from stem tubers confirms that the three taxa are extremelyalike in chemical compounds. Using the features of leaves and the forms of stem tubers, theycan be easily distinguished. A new triploid cultivar of L. chuanxiong Hort. i.e.L. chuan-xiong cv. Jinxiong is described for “Jinxiong” in the present paper. 相似文献