绿萝叶片的组织培养

绿萝(Epipremnum aureum (Linden et Andr)Bunting)系天南星科(Araceae)麒麟叶属(Epipremnum)的一种木质藤本植物,常攀援于山石上、墙壁上或它树上附生,分枝多,枝悬垂,园艺上用作荫棚悬挂植物。绿萝的叶片薄革质,翠绿色,一般(特别是叶面)有多数不规则的黄色斑块,极为美丽,它不仅是庭园观赏植物,而且还可折枝插瓶,经久不萎。本种不易开花,通常都是无性扦插繁殖。迄今为止,关     

三色绿萝的组织培养和植株再生

植物名称:三色绿萝(Epipremnum aureum cv.Tricolor)。材料类别:茎尖、幼嫩的茎段。剪取三色绿萝的顶芽约1cm长,用70％酒精和0.1％升汞表面消毒后,在无菌操作下剥离茎尖约1～2 mm,同时横切茎段1～2mm作为外植体。培养条件:诱导不定芽的培养基:MS+BA 1～2 mg/L(单位下同)+NAA 0.2;诱导愈伤组织培养基:MS+NAA2+BA 0.5;诱导芽分化培养基:MS+BA2+GA_30.1+IAA 0.05;生根培养基:1/2 MS+IBA 1。培养基均为蔗糖3％(生根培养基     

3种观赏植物对室内甲醛污染的净化及生长生理响应

在密封条件下,采取熏蒸法研究了常春藤、绿萝、驱蚊草对不同浓度梯度的甲醛气体胁迫的吸收能力及其生理响应。结果显示:(1)3种植物对室内甲醛气体均有不同程度的吸收能力,其吸收率随室内甲醛气体浓度的升高而逐渐增加,且吸收能力表现为常春藤>驱蚊草>绿萝。(2)与对照相比,随着室内甲醛气体胁迫浓度的增加,驱蚊草、绿萝、常春藤的叶绿素含量先升高再降低,而叶绿素a/b值的变化趋势各有不同。(3)不同浓度甲醛气体胁迫下,3种植物的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著升高,并以常春藤的增加量最大(分别为113.21%和120.84%),驱蚊草的增加量最小(分别为69.04%和60.76%);而3种植物的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与对照相比显著降低,并以驱蚊草的变化量最大(49.54%),绿萝的变化量最小(14.66%)。(4)驱蚊草、绿萝、常春藤的丙二醛(MDA)含量和脯氨酸含量随着甲醛气体浓度的增加呈升高趋势。综合分析表明,3种室内植物耐受甲醛胁迫的能力存在显著差异,常春藤属于吸收多、耐性强的植物,驱蚊草属于吸收多、耐性弱的植物,而绿萝属于吸收少、耐性强的植物。     

麒麟叶的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称 麒麟叶[Epipremnum pinnatum（L．）Engl．],又称麒麟尾、上树龙。 2材料类别 顶芽和带芽茎段。 3培养条件 （1）启动培养基：MS＋6-BA2．0mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋TDZ0．2＋NAA0．2＋IBA0．5;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA2．0＋TDZ0．4＋NAA0．05＋IBA0．2;（3）壮苗培养基：MS＋6-BA0．2＋NAA0．1＋IBA0．1;     

中国兰科植物新资料

报道了中国兰科(Orchidaceae)一新记录种——白苞石豆兰（Bulbophyllum albibracteum Seidenf.）,它的主要特征是花苞片白色,大且显著,外弯,边缘具细锯齿;萼片背面沿中脉具短毛;蕊柱齿直立细长,长达1 mm。鞍唇沼兰（Malaxis matsudai (Yamamoto) Hatusima）与全唇叉柱兰（Cheirostylis takeoi(Hayata) Schltr.）为中国大陆新记录。     

柱隔孢属二新种

柱隔孢属二新种：决明柱隔孢Ramularia cassiae,寄生在豆科（Leguminosae)云实亚科(Caesalpinioideae)望江南决明（Cassia occidentalis)上;莲子草柱隔孢（Ramularia alternantherae),寄生在苋科（Amaranthaceae)喜旱莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides)上。柱隔孢属在云实亚科和苋科是首次报道。文中为新种提供了拉丁文描述和附图。模式标本保藏于云南农业大学真菌标本室（MHYAU）。     

大wang雏鸟的生长、发育及其每日能量摄入的测定

大wang(Buteo hemilasius)是青藏高原上常见的一种居留性猛禽,在高寒草甸生态系统食物网络结构中占有重要位置。目前,关于它的生物学特性研究甚少。张坦心（1965）仅对大wang体的摄食量作过试验。但对雏鸟的生长发育及能量需求方面的研究还未见报道。由于大wang营巢地点的险峻,自然状态下生长资料的获得是十分困难的。因此,作者于1980年6月将一窝（一卵二雏）wang雏从营巢地点移到科学院青海西北高寒草甸生态系统定位站实验室中,在人工饲养条件下,测定它们的生长、发育及其生长过程中每日能量摄入（DEI：Daily Energy Intake）其结果报道如下。     

《自然-化学生物学》：研究发现一种能提高药效的酶

据日本《读卖新闻》网站7月23日报道。日本福井县立大学副教授滨野吉十率领的研究小组发现，“β-赖氨酸”不仅容易渗透进入细胞。而且它对动物没有副作用。相关研究成果已经发表在新一期《自然-化学生物学》（Nature Chemical Biology）杂志上。     

纳米技术和纳米生物学

纳米技术是指１—１００ｎｍ（Ｎａｎｏｍｅｔｅｒ，简称纳米ｎｍ）尺度上研究和应用原子、分子的结构特征及其相互作用的高新科学技术，它是基础科学（微观物理、化学、分子生物学）和先进工程技术（计算机、微电子和扫描隧道显微镜）相结合的产物。纳米（Ｎａｎｏ），在...     

竹柏的核型分析Sup>1)

竹柏（Podocarpus nagi pilger）是一种古老 的裸子植物,属于罗汉松科（Podocarpaceae）罗 汉松属(podocarpus)u1。有关罗汉松属植物的 染色体数目已有过报道,为11-19对不等〔310 但关于竹柏的染色体数目以及核型的分析尚未 见报道。本文对竹柏的体细胞进行了核型分析, 现将结果报道如下。     

吉龙草的引种

对吉龙草[Elscholtzia communis(Coll.et Hemsl.)Diels] 的适宜播种期、种植环境、不同生育期的精油含量及主香成分的研究表明,在常温下种子发芽力的保存期只有5—6个月,种子发芽率达55％。5—6月上旬为适宜播种期,海拔800米以上的热带山地和亚热带地区为适宜生长环境,热带低海拔地区可早播早收,也宜种于排水良好,中午后可自然遮阴的小环境。鲜枝叶的精油含量随生长发育日趋成熟而逐渐增加,为0.3—0.8％,主香成分柠檬醛的含量为92.3—95.98％,不同种植地及各生育期无明显的变化。     

多用途树种——铁力木

珍稀树种铁力木的生长具有明显的节律性 ,一年有 3次生长的高峰期 ,10月下旬至次年 1月为生长的高峰期 ,树高生长量占全年的 6 0 .3% ,胸径为全年的 54 .5% ,其树高、胸径月均生长量是其他月份的 2 .7倍和 2 .4倍。一般种植后 10～ 12年即可开花结果 ,开花期为 6月中旬至 7月中旬 ,果实成熟期是 10月底至11月 ;在潮湿的林下 ,落下的种子可自然萌发长成幼苗 ;种子发芽率的高低与贮藏条件有关 ,鲜种发芽率为80 %～ 10 0 %。种子含油脂为 79% ,提炼的种子油是西双版纳傣族佛寺里主要琰佛用的植物油。鲜花出油率为 0 .0 8%～ 0 .11% ,主要成分为 β-马榄烯 ( 36 .39% ) ,其次为 β-芹子烯 ( 31.14 % ) ,是化妆品或日用化工天然的调香原料。     

不同株龄薰衣草花生物学性状和精油主要化学成分研究

为了解不同株龄薰衣草花生物学性状、精油主要化学成分及含量差异, 以昆明薰衣草CAS08 （Lavandula angustifolia Mill.×Lavandula latifolia Medik.）为试材, 对不同株龄（一年生 、两年生和三年生）薰衣草的花枝、 精油提取率和精油成分变化进行了研究。 结果显示,不同株龄薰衣草的单支花生物学性状差异显著（P 〈0.05）; 薰衣草花精油的提取率在不同株龄间有差异, 分别为一年生熏衣草花精油提取率3.40%、 两年生2.37%和三年生3.60%; 薰衣草CAS08花精油的主要成分有桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、樟脑和红没药醇, 株龄对精油中各化学成分的相对含量有影响。本研究结果可为云南薰衣草产业化发展及持续开发利用提供科学依据。     

兴安薄荷挥发油的成分

兴安薄荷（Mentha dahurica Fisch.ex Benth.）为唇形科薄荷属（Mentha L.）多年生草本植物,产于我国黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古东北部。俄罗斯远东地区以及日本北方也有分布。在我国东北有作中药薄荷入药的。其化学成分研究甚少,仅俄国Pulatova报道其含有香豆素类成分。为开发利用我国薄荷植物资源,作者对全国薄荷属植物进行了野外调查,并对其资源、生物学性状、孢粉学和化学等进行了较系统的研究,现仅就兴安薄荷挥发油中化学成分分析结果作一报道。     

小鱼仙草化学成分及资源开发利用研究

对不同产地的小鱼仙草全草精油主要化学成分 :香荆芥酚、百里香酚、β 石竹烯、侧柏酮、异胡薄荷酮、1 ,8 桉叶油素的含量进行对比分析。研究结果表明 :不同地域间植物精油的化学成分存在一定的遗传相似性及差异性 ;不同产地精油含量在不同生育期有一定变化规律。此外 ,种子含丰富的氨基酸 (1 3 .96% )和种类齐全的矿质元素 ;种子油含大量人体必需的亚麻酸 (67.3 6% )和亚油酸 (1 5 .1 2 % )等不饱和脂肪酸 ;全草总黄酮含量为 1 .76%～ 4.1 5 %。为此 ,小鱼仙草的种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和药用功效 ,其植物资源在食品、香精香料和医药领域具有潜在开发利用的前景。     

密花香薷挥发油化学成分及其抗菌、抗病毒活性的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取密花香薷挥发油,测得密花香薷挥发油的得率为0.12％.利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对密花香薷挥发油的化学成分进行了分析研究,鉴定了26种化合物,占挥发油总量的76.04％.体外抗菌试验和抗病毒试验的结果表明:密花香薷挥发油具有抗菌和抗病毒作用.     

The effects of colchicine-induced autotetraploidy on selected characteristics of nuruozak (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvia leriifolia</Emphasis>)

Nuruozak (Salvia leriifolia Benth), is a perennial herbaceous plant that is endemic to Iran and has recently been introduced as a medicinal plant. Artificial polyploidy is an efficient method to increase the production of secondary metabolites and can result in a whole spectrum of genetic, molecular and physiological modifications. In order to produce an autotetraploid population of nuruozak, various concentrations of colchicine (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 or 0.50% w/v) were applied to the seeds and shoot apical meristems of young seedlings at the fourth leaf-stage. Microscopic studies, flow cytometry analysis and chromosome counting were conducted to select tetraploid nuruozak plants. Furthermore, the effects of ploidy level on the essential oil content and composition and biomass production of nuruozak plants, as well as selected structural and physiological characteristics were studied. Based on the number of the obtained tetraploids, treatment of shoot apical meristems was more efficient than seed treatment. Structural and phytochemical characteristics, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were affected by the increase in ploidy level. In addition to the higher potential in biomass production, tetraploid plants produced eight new compounds which were absent in diploids.     

Agronomical and chemical characterization of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) originating in Turkey

The essential oil properties of spearmint (Mentha spicataL.), one of the most important spice plants, were studied and the essential oil components determined using gas chromatography. The essential oil content of wild-grown spearmint in the region was found to range from 1.00% to 2.00%, and two chemotypes were identified, one high in carvone (49.53-80.65%) and the other in pulegone (44.9-49.23%). Agronomic and essential oil properties of cultivated landraces ofM. spicata were also investigated under field conditions during the 1999 vegetation period. The examined spearmint landraces showed a great variability for each character studied, including yield and essential oil components. The crop was harvested twice during the vegetation period, and the essential oil content of the landraces varied from 0.90 to 2.70% in the first harvest and from 1.00 to 3.00% in the second one. Carvone was constantly present as the predominant essential oil in landraces, except for one sample, which was high in linalool (82.80%). Superior landraces with carvone contents were discovered; their maximum content reached 79.70% in the first cutting and 82.97% at the second cutting. The superior landraces were assayed for future improvement studies.     

Glandular trichomes and essential oil characteristics of in vitro propagated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Micromeria pulegium</Emphasis> (Rochel) Benth. (Lamiaceae)

Main conclusion

In vitro conditions and benzyladenine influenced both content and composition of micropropagated Micromeria pulegium essential oils, with pulegone and menthone being the main essential oil components. The content and chemical composition of Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Benth. essential oils were studied in native plant material at vegetative stage and in micropropagated plants, obtained from nodal segments cultured on solid MS medium supplemented with N⁶–benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin at different concentrations, alone or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid. Shoot proliferation was achieved in all treatments, but the highest biomass production was obtained after treatment with 10 μM BA. Phytochemical analysis identified up to 21 compounds in the essential oils of wild-growing and in vitro cultivated plants, both showing very high percentages of total monoterpenoids dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes of the menthane type. Pulegone and menthone were the main essential oil components detected in both wild-growing plants (60.07 and 26.85 %, respectively) and micropropagated plants grown on either plant growth regulator-free medium (44.57 and 29.14 %, respectively) or BA-supplemented medium (50.77 and 14.45 %, respectively). The percentage of total sesquiterpenoids increased in vitro, particularly owing to sesquiterpene hydrocarbons that were not found in wild-growing plants. Differences in both content and the composition of the essential oils obtained from different samples indicated that in vitro culture conditions and plant growth regulators significantly influence the essential oils properties. In addition, the morphology and structure of M. pulegium glandular trichomes in relation to the secretory process were characterized for the first time using SEM and light microscopy, and their secretion was histochemically analyzed.