滇川干热河谷种子植物区系成分研究

论及滇川干热河谷种子植物区系成分由科级到种级的研究结果。用于统计分析的植物共1707个种,分属于752个属,165个科．科级区系成分中,除广布科外,明显为主,其次为暖温带科和热带科,热带科有27个科,远比干暖河谷区系中的热带科多。属区系成分中,热带属占明显多数,有523个属,占75．03％,温带属158个,占22．67％,有个中国特有属。种级区系成分中,有中国特有种622个,占37．42％,热带种791个,占47．59％,温带种249个,占14．88％。干热河谷的植物区系标志种很丰富,有437种,分三个等级,其中一级为本河谷特有种,有45种,二级199种,三级193种。热带科、属、种偏多说明本河谷历史上以热带区系为主和近代区系源于热带。干热河谷的特有区系成分和区系的标志种均较好地反映本河谷区系成分组合特征、演化的近代趋势、区系的多样性及其独特性。     

华西南干热河谷种子植物区系的特征,性质和起源

华西南干热河谷种子植物的区系特征表现为其植物科、属、种各级分布区类型的多样性,明显的特有现象和丰富的标志种。根据本地区的区系成分分析,可以得出以下有关区系性质和起源的结论：（１）总体上看干热河谷种子植物区系属于亚热带性质;（２）本地区一些半稀树草原和马基状灌丛的区系成分类似于热带非洲、热带亚洲和地中海地区相同植被的成分;（３）许多植物料和属为古热带成分,起源于古南大陆;（４）少数残遗种或其后裔可追     

海南岛尖峰岭地区种子植物区系组成及地理成分研究

尖峰岭地区位于海南岛西南部 ,面积约 470 km2 ,有种子植物 1 83科、90 6属、2 0 87种及变种。区系组成及地理成分分析结果表明 ,本区种子植物区系有如下特征 :(1 )科属种的组成较为丰富 ,但属内种系较贫乏、分化程度弱 ;(2 )地理成分复杂 ,以热带成分、热带亚洲成分占优势 ,特有成分也相对较丰富 ,是海南岛整体区系的重要组成部分 ;(3)区系有一定邃古性 ,本质上是华夏植物区系不可分割的一部分。     

滇川干暖河谷种子植物区系成分研究

本文论及滇川干暖河谷种子植物区系成分由科级到种级的研究结果。所统计分析的植物共６９２个种,分属于３３６个属,１１１个科。科级区系成分中,明显以亚热带科为主,暖温带科次之,热带科很少。属级区系成分中,热带属多于温带属,有１４个特有属。热带科属偏多说明本河谷历史上有过以热带区系为主体时期和近代区系发源于热带。种级区系成分中,有中国特有种４２１种,占６１．９０％,其次是温带种多于热带种。干暖河谷的植物区系标志种有１５８种,分三个等级,一级为本河谷特有种,有１８种,二级１０３种,三级３７种。干暖河谷的特有区系成分和各级植物区系标志种均较好地反映本河谷区系演化的近代趋势及其独特性。     

金沙江干热河谷种子植物区系特征的初探

研究涉及金沙江云南境内的干热河谷和干暖河谷的种子植物区系。建立名录共９２０种,有野生植物７４８种。这７４８种,分属于１１１科,４２７属。４２７属的分布区类型的格局为：１－４４,２－１２７,３－１０,４－３９,５－１３,６－３７,７－２９,８－４７,９－１２,１０－２５,１１－３,１２－７,１３－１,１４－２０,１５－１３。在７４８种中,三江（金沙江、元江、怒江）干热河谷共有的标志植物７３种,金沙江     

华中地区藤本种子植物区系的研究

以湖南和湖北两省为代表对华中地区藤本种子植物的区系进行了研究。本区共有藤本种子植物62科175属838种,其中土著种类有60科159属784种。在科、属、种的水平上对藤本种子植物区系特性进行了较深入的统计和分析,并对本区藤本种子植物与邻近地区的关系、本区内的藤本种子植物的地带性分异进行了探讨。统计表明,本区藤本种子植物种数占该区种子植物总种数的11%,且61.7%的种类主要集中在30种以上的大科中;热带分布型明显多于温带分布型;泛热带、热带亚洲、东亚（中国）特有和东亚—北美间断分布科属比较集中,其中许多属为古老成分;本区藤本种子植物特有成分丰富,计有东亚特有科1科、中国特有属6属、中国特有种507种（其中华中地区特有种35种）。通过研究认为：本区藤本种子植物具有种类丰富、分布类型多样、特有成分较多、区系较古老的特点;与本区的全部种子植物区系相比,藤本种子植物区系的热带性更强,具有明显的热带亲缘性,并与喜马拉雅及中国西南有较强的地理渊源。     

秦皇岛市野生种子植物区系的初步研究

从科、属二个层次对秦皇岛市植物区系进行了统计分析,得出如下结论:(1)植物区系丰富,计有野生种子植物122科,513属,1093种;(2)区系主要是温带性质,具有与亚热带--热带区系的过渡性;(3)特有程度低。特有科无;中国特有属7个,本地区特有属无。     

重庆市种子植物区系特征分析

对重庆市种子植物区系进行了研究,其区系特征如下:(1)植物种类和区系组成丰富,共分布有野生种子植物208科1 127属4 764种,其科包含12种分布型和13个变型,属包含15种分布型和23个变型;(2)科的区系组成以热带成分占主要,总共包含83科,达到重庆地区种子植物总科数的39.90%,这说明重庆种子植物区系带有一定的热带亲缘关系.属的区系组成以热带成分最多,达到454属,占重庆市种子植物总属数的40.28%,表明重庆地区种子植物区系的热带亲缘关系较强;(3)特有现象明显,虽然本地区分布的特有科属相对较少,但特有种丰富.     

安徽省清凉峰自然保护区植物区系的研究

清凉峰自然保护区有维管束植物181科,601属,1228种,是安徽植物资源集中地之一。区系成分起源古老,孑遗种多,保存着丰富的珍稀、濒危植物。种子植物区系地理成分复杂,各类热带成分、温带成分、中国特有成分分别占本区种子植物属总数的33.6%、62.96%、3.44%,显示了本区植物区系的亚热带特性。本区植物区系97.6%的成分与华东植物区系共有,且含华东特有种111种,具有典型华东植物区系特征。本区植物区系与西天目山、黄山植物区系关系最密切,其次为大别山和庐山,再次为神农架。     

武陵山地区种子植物区系特征与性质研究

武陵山地区位于湘鄂渝黔交界处,面积约10万km²。本文从科、属、种水平对武陵山地区种子植物区系特征和性质进行了统计分析,结果表明:(1)本区自产种子植物201科、1005属、4119种,其中裸子植物6科、19属、36种,双子叶植物166科781属、3447种,单子叶植物29科、205属、636种,含单种和少种的科和属及木本植物比较丰富;(2)本区含世界广布科40科,热带分布科91科,温带分布科70科。含种数较多的科为广布科和热带分布科,而主要特征科则是一些主产东亚(包括中国特有)的亚热带和温带分布科;(3)本区的属含我国15种分布区类型中的14种,其中以北温带分布、泛热带分布和东亚分布三类成分比较集中。中国特有属64属(占6.83%),其中不少可能就起源于本区(或)及其周围。温带分布属多于热带分布属;(4)种的地理成分有15种类型,其中绝大多数属东亚和中国特有,它们具有明显的亚热带-温带性质。中国特有种共计2682种,其中126种为本区所特有,675种为华中区特有,其他1881种则广泛分布于我国各地并大体上可分为10个亚型。种的地理成分决定了本区现代植物区系的基本特征和性质,即在旧的热带区系的基础上蜕化演变而成的温带性亚热带植物区系或亚热带山地植物区系。本区东亚成分众多,不仅是其分布中心的一部分,而且正处于东亚成分扩散和迁移的重要通道--武陵山走廊上,因此可视为东亚植物区系的一个关键地区。     

农牧结合生态工程的基本理论与实践

农牧结合生态工程是一个复杂的农业生态、经济和技术系统工程,它由植物(种植业)、动物(养殖业)和微生物(连接种养业)3个子系统组成,其关键是建设一个以"四、三、二、一"畜牧业生产模式为主要内容的高效节粮型畜牧生态工程,它要求用尽可能少的自然资源,在尽可能短的周期内,生产尽可能多而优的农(牧)产品,以获取尽可能高的经济效益,达到或维持尽可能最佳的生态平衡.     

Ethnobotany of Ghalegay, District Swat, Pakistan

Ethnobotanical study of plants revealed that the local community of Ghalegy, District Swat, invariably uses 126 species of 59 families for various purposes. Based on their traditional local uses, fifty-seven species （45.2%） were classifted as medicinal, forty-seven as fire wood （37.3 % ）, forty-five as forage （35.7 % ）, twenty-eight as honey bee species （22.2%）, twenty-seven as vegetable species （21.4%）, 25 as edible fruits （14 wild and llcultivated）, thirteen as timberwood （10.3%）, twelve as ornamental （9.5%）, eleven as furniture wood, ten as shelter and thatch makers （7.9%）, ten as fencing （7.9%）, five as poisonous （4%）, four as religious/superstitious species, three species used in making hand sticks and wooden tools （2.4%）, three as utensil cleaner species （2.4%）, three as evil repellent and one as fish poisoning species. The area is in plant resources and traditional knowledge but it needs ecological management for its sustainability.     

孕烷X受体的研究进展

核受体是一类高度保守的配体依赖性转录因子家族,在哺乳动物发育、繁殖、免疫应答、心血管功能、组织生长、肿瘤形成、外源物清除及糖类和脂质代谢等生理过程中发挥重要作用。机体对外源物质的清除主要是由孕烷X受体等核受雄介导的。孕烷X受体最早是作为外源物感受器而被研究的,可以被大多数亲脂性药物等外源性化合物及一些内源性化合物如胆汁酸等结构差异很大的配体激活,进而与视黄醇类X受体等形成异源二聚体,结合在ER6、XREM等DNA元件上,调控下游靶基因（包括一相代谢酶、二相结合酶及药物转运体等基因）的表达。此外,孕烷X受体在能量代谢和免疫反应中也有重要作用,参与某些代谢疾病的发生发展,且已在动物模型中被证明是Ⅱ型糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖症和动脉粥样硬化等代谢疾病治疗的有效靶标。我们主要就其发现、结构、组织分布、作用方式、自身表达的调节等方面的最新研究进行综述。     

Ethnobotany of Ghalegay,District Swat,Pakistan*

Ethnobotanical study of plants revealed that the local community of Ghalegy, District Swat, invariably uses 126 species of 59 families for various purposes. Based on their traditional local uses, fifty- seven species ( 4512%) were classified as medicinal, forty-seven as fire wood ( 3713%) , forty- five as forage ( 3517%) , twenty- eight as honey bee species ( 2212%) , twenty- seven as vegetable species ( 2114%) , 25 as edible fruits ( 14 wild and 11cultivated) , thirteen as timber wood ( 1013%) , twelve as ornamental ( 91 5%) , eleven as furniture wood, ten as shelter and thatch makers ( 719%) , ten as fencing ( 719%) , five as poisonous ( 4%) , four as religiousPsuperstitious species, three species used in making hand sticks and wooden tools ( 21 4%) , three as utensil cleaner species ( 214%) , three as evil repellent and one as fish poisoning species. The area is in plant resources and traditional knowledge but it needs ecological management for its sustainability.     

An Improved Computational Prediction Model for Lysine Succinylation Sites Mapping on Homo sapiens by Fusing Three Sequence Encoding Schemes with the Random Forest Classifier

Background Lysine succinylation is one of the reversible protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), which regulate the structure and function of proteins. It plays a significant role in various cellular physiologies including some diseases of human as well as many other organisms. The accurate identification of succinylation site is essential to understand the various biological functions and drug development.Methods In this study, we developed an improved method to predict lysine succinylation sites mapping on Homo sapiens by the fusion of three encoding schemes such as binary, the composition of k-spaced amino acid pairs (CKSAAP) and amino acid composition (AAC) with the random forest (RF) classifier. The prediction performance of the proposed random forest (RF) based on the fusion model in a comparison of other candidates was investigated by using 20-fold cross-validation (CV) and two independent test datasets were collected from two different sources.Results The CV results showed that the proposed predictor achieves the highest scores of sensitivity (SN) as 0.800, specificity (SP) as 0.902, accuracy (ACC) as 0.919, Mathew correlation coefficient (MCC) as 0.766 and partial AUC (pAUC) as 0.163 at a false-positive rate (FPR) = 0.10 and area under the ROC curve (AUC) as 0.958. It achieved the highest performance scores of SN as 0.811, SP as 0.902, ACC as 0.891, MCC as 0.629 and pAUC as 0.139 and AUC as 0.921 for the independent test protein set-1 and SN as 0.772, SP as 0.901, ACC as 0.836, MCC as 0.677 and pAUC as 0.141 at FPR = 0.10 and AUC as 0.923 for the independent test protein set-2. It also outperformed all the other existing prediction models.Conclusion The prediction performances as discussed in this article recommend that the proposed method might be a useful and encouraging computational resource for lysine succinylation site prediction in the case of human population.     

Purkyn? cells and Betz cells

J.E. Purkyn? was the first to discover, by achromatic microscopy of stained and fixed as well as of fresh material, that animal tissues in general, and those of the central nervous system in particular, are made up of cells, as are those of plants. His discoveries laid the foundations of modern research on the ultrastructure and biophysies of the cerebellar neurons which bear his name, as well as on other types of neurons, in vitro as well as in vivo.     

健康仔猪肠道乳杆菌黑龙江地方株的鉴定与种属分析

为了从健康仔猪肠道中分离筛选用于研制微生态制剂的乳酸杆菌菌株,选择黑龙江省大庆、哈尔滨及宝泉岭地区部分猪场,采集12-60日龄健康仔猪肠道粪样64份。选用MRS乳酸杆菌专用培养基分离培养乳酸杆菌,通过分离株的形态特征和培养特性筛选出革兰阳性,厌氧,无芽胞杆菌48株。再通过生化试验鉴定和PCR种属分析,确定18株为乳酸杆菌。其中,罗伊乳杆菌7株,嗜酸乳杆菌5株,约氏乳杆菌2株,短乳杆菌1株,干酪乳杆菌假植物亚种1株,植物乳杆菌1株,詹氏乳杆菌1株。     

Genetic networks regulated by ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 in leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana: KNOX genes control five morphological events

The asymmetric leaves 1 ( as1 ) and as2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes. Expression of a number of genes, including three class-1 KNOTTED -like homeobox ( KNOX ) genes ( BP , KNAT2 and KNAT6 ) and ETTIN / ARF3 , is enhanced in these mutants. In the present study, we attempted to identify the phenotypic features of as1 and as2 mutants that were generated by ectopic expression of KNOX genes, using multiple loss-of-function mutations of KNOX genes as well as as1 and as2 . Our results revealed that the ectopic expression of class-1 KNOX genes resulted in reductions in the sizes of leaves, reductions in the size of sepals and petals, the formation of a less prominent midvein, the repression of adventitious root formation and late flowering. Our results also revealed that the reduction in leaf size and late flowering were caused by the repression, by KNOX genes, of a gibberellin (GA) pathway in as1 and as2 plants. The formation of a less prominent midvein and the repression of adventitious root formation were not, however, related to the GA pathway. The asymmetric formation of leaf lobes, the lower complexity of higher-ordered veins, and the elevated frequency of adventitious shoot formation on leaves of as1 and as2 plants were not rescued by multiple mutations in KNOX genes. These features must, therefore, be controlled by other genes in which expression is enhanced in the as1 and as2 mutants.     

Familial true hermaphroditism: paternal and maternal transmission of true hermaphroditism (46,XX) and XX maleness in the absence of Y-chromosomal sequences

We report on 46,XX true hermaphroditism and 46,XX maleness coexisting in the same pedigree, with maternal as well as paternal transmission of the disorder. Molecular genetic analysis showed that both hermaphrodites as well as the 46,XX male were negative for Y-chromosomal sequences. Thus, this pedigree is highly informative and allows the following conclusions: first, the maternal as well as paternal transmission of the disorder allows the possibility of an autosomal dominant as well as an X-chromosomal dominant mode of inheritance; second, testicular determination in the absence of Y-specific sequences in familial 46,XX true hermaphrodites as well as in 46,XX males seems to be due to the varying expression of the same genetic defect; and third, there is incomplete penetrance of the defect.     

Get a grip: Podosomes as potential players in phagocytosis

Podosomes have been known for several decades as micron-sized, F-actin-rich structures that play a pivotal role in cell migration and invasion, as they are able to mediate both cell-matrix attachment as well as extracellular matrix degradation. Particularly in monocytic cells, podosomes have been shown to fulfill a variety of additional functions such as sensing of substrate rigidity and topography, or cell-cell fusion. Increasing evidence now points to the involvement of podosome-like structures also during phagocytosis by immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Here, we compare the different cell models and experimental set ups where “phagocytic podosomes” have been described. We also discuss the composition and architecture of these structures, their potential involvement in mechanosensing and particle disruption, as well as the pros and cons for addressing them as bona fide podosomes.