水杨酸在植物抗病中的作用

水杨酸是一种重要的能激活植物抗病防卫反应的内源信号分子,本文首先介绍了水杨酸的基本性质及水杨酸在植物抗病中的作用,然后从水杨酸与水杨酸结合蛋白的相互作用以及水杨酸介导的信号传导途径与非水杨酸介导的信号途径等方面初步探讨了水杨酸诱导植物抗病性的作用机制,最后总结了研究水杨酸作用机制对植物抗性生理和抗性分子生物学发展的意义。     

水杨酸在植物抗病反应中的作用

介绍最近几年来有关植物体内水杨酸（salicylicacid,SA）水平的调控、SA在植物抗病反应中的作用及其机制、SA信号传导途径等方面的重大研究进展.     

水杨酸在植物体内的作用

水杨酸在植物体内的作用原永兵,曹宗巽（北京大学生物系,北京１００８７１）ＴＨＥＲＯＬＥＯＦＳＡＬＩＣＹＬＩＣＡＣＩＤＩＮＰＬＡＮＴＳ￥ＹｕａｎＹｏｎｇ─ｂｉｎｇ;Ｔ．Ｈ．Ｔｓａｏ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｌ...     

植物抗病反应的信号传导网络

植物由抗病基因介导的防卫过程存在一系列生理生化和分子生物学反应,这些反应从病原菌侵染点开始的超敏反应（HR）并延伸到远处组织的系统抗性或获得性抗性（SAR）,受制于一种信号传导网络的调控,这个信号系统由抗病蛋白和病原菌非毒性蛋白在一种配体-受体的互作模式下激发,并由信号分子H2O2,NO和系统信号分子SA,JA和乙烯和通过关键调控基因传递和放大,最终诱导一系列防卫反应基因的表达和代谢的变化而产生抗性。植物防卫信号的产生有类似于动物免疫系统因子的介导,并可由非寄主病原菌或诱导子诱发,这些信号途径所产生的广谱抗性为植物抗病基因工程的应用奠定了基础。     

一氧化氮在植物抗病反应中的信号作用

近年来的研究发现,一氧化氮（nitic oxide,NO)在植物抗病反应中具有重要作用,本文概述了植物中NO的来源,NO在植物抗病反应中的信号传导作用,NO与植物中其它信号分子之间的相互作用以及NO的研究进展。     

植物抗逆性与水杨酸介导的信号传导途径的关系

基因表达既受发育过程的调控又受外界环境的影响。无论是内因还是外因诱发一组基因表达时都涉及信号传导(signal transduction)问题。局部器官和组织所发生的生理变化的信息要传递到远处的组织,引起基因表达时间和空间上的协调。信号传导途径的研究是当今分子生物学的研究热点之一。 作为信号传递的分子主要是小分子物质,属于次生代谢产物。也发现某些小肽具有信号分子的功能。信号分子可以在胞间扩散,亦可通过输导组织传送到远处的器官。近年来研究甚多的一种信号     

水杨酸在植物体内的作用

一个世纪以前,美洲印第安人和希腊人各自独立地发现柳树的叶和树皮可镇痛解热。德国JohannBuchner（1828）成功地从柳树皮中分离出少量水杨昔（sallcin,即水杨乙醇糖着）。1838年,RaffaelePiria将柳树皮中这种活跃的有效成分称为水杨酸（salicylicacid,SA拉丁文saliX意为水     

植物抗病反应的信号传导网络

植物由抗病基因介导的防卫过程存在一系列生理生化和分子生物学反应,这些反应从病原菌侵染点开始的超敏反应(HR)并延伸到远处组织的系统抗性或获得性抗性(SAR),受制于一种信号传导网络的调控。这个信号系统由抗病蛋白和病原菌非毒性蛋白在一种配体-受体的互作模式下激发,并由信号分子H2O2,NO和系统信号分子SA,JA和乙烯和通过关键调控基因传递和放大,最终诱导一系列防卫反应基因的表达和代谢的变化而产生抗性。植物防卫信号的产生有类似于动物免疫系统因子的介导,并可由非寄主病原菌或诱导子诱发。这些信号途径所产生的广谱抗性为植物抗病基因工程的应用奠定了基础。     

水杨酸在植物抗环境胁迫中的作用

水杨酸在植物的抗病方面发挥着重要作用。近年来的研究还表明 ,水杨酸在植物的抗冷、热、盐、干旱、臭氧、重金属等环境胁迫方面也有明显的作用。该文介绍近年来有关水杨酸在植物抗环境胁迫方面的研究进展 ,并探讨了其作用机理。     

水杨酸诱导植物抗病性的新进展

水杨酸是一种重要的能激活一系列植物抗病防卫反应的内源信号分子.首先介绍了水杨酸在植物抗病性中的作用,并从水杨酸与过氧化氢及其代谢酶类相互作用的角度初步探讨了水杨酸诱导植物抗病性的分子机理,最后概述了目前这一领域中需要进一步研究的若干问题.     

Salicylic Acid and Disease Resistance in Plants

SA has been shown to play an important signaling role in the activation of various plant defense responses following pathogen attack. These responses include the induction of local and systemic disease resistance, the potentiation of host cell death, and the containment of pathogen spread. The mechanisms through which SA mediates these effects are varied and can involve alterations in the activity or synthesis of certain enzymes, increased defense gene expression, potentiation of several defense responses, and/or the generation of free radicals. Through the analysis of mutant plants exhibiting aberrant responses to pathogen infection, many genes encoding products involved in the SA-mediated defense pathway(s) have been isolated. In addition, mounting evidence suggests that certain defense responses can be activated via a SA-independent pathway(s). This review focuses primarily on recent discoveries pertaining to the SA signaling pathway(s) leading to disease resistance; however, a very brief discussion of the SA-independent pathway (s) and its ability to cross-talk with the SA pathway is also presented.     

水杨酸诱导植物抗性的研究进展

水杨酸是一种重要的内源信号分子,能够激活一系列植物抗性防卫反应.为了研究这种抗性反应,对水杨酸诱导植物抗病性、抗旱性、抗盐性及与乙烯作用的新进展作了概述,并从水杨酸与过氧化氢及其代谢酶类相互作用的角度探讨了水杨酸诱导植物抗性生理的分子机理.     

茉莉酸及其甲酯与植物诱导抗病性

介绍了茉莉酸 (JA)及其甲酯 (MeJA)在植物抗病中的作用及其诱导植物抗病的机制 ,并概述了目前这一领域需要进一步研究解决的若干问题     

Resistance Induction by Salicylic Acid Formulation in Cassava Plant against Fusarium solani

Fusarium root rot caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani is one of the most important fungal diseases of cassava in Thailand, resulting in high yield losses of more than 80%. This study aimed to investigate if the exogenous application of salicylic acid formulations (Zacha) can induce resistance in cassava against Fusarium root rot and observe the biochemical changes in induced cassava leaf tissues through synchrotron radiation based on Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. We demonstrated that the application of Zacha11 prototype formulations could induce resistance against Fusarium root rot in cassava. The in vitro experimental results showed that Zacha11 prototype formulations inhibited the growth of F. solani at approximately 34.83%. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the disease severity of Fusarium root rot disease at 60 days after challenge inoculation was observed in cassava plants treated with Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm (9.0%). Population densities of F. solani were determined at 7 days after inoculation. Treatment of the Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm resulted in reduced populations compared with the distilled water control and differences among treatment means at each assay date. Moreover, the SR-FTIR spectral changes of Zacha11-treated epidermal tissues of leaves had higher integral areas of lipids, lignins, and pectins (1,770–1,700/cm), amide I (1,700–1,600/cm), amide II (1,600–1,500/cm), hemicellulose, lignin (1,300–1,200/cm), and cellulose (1,155/cm). Therefore, alteration in defensive carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins contributed to generate barriers against Fusarium invasion in cassava roots, leading to lower the root rot disease severity.     

水杨酸诱导果实采后抗病性机制研究进展

水杨酸(Salicylic acid, SA)是一种重要的内源信号分子,具有激活果实抗性防卫反应的能力。本文综述SA对多种果实采后病害的抑制效果及其诱导果实采后抗病性机制(如诱导果实抗氧化反应、诱导果实防御反应、调控果实呼吸代谢、诱导果实抗病基因表达和抗性相关蛋白表达),并展望该领域SA未来研究趋势与方向,对推动果实采后抗病理论的发展和指导生产实践具有重要意义。     

Effect of Salicylic Acid Formulations on Induced Plant Defense against Cassava Anthracnose Disease

This study was to investigate defense mechanisms on cassava induced by salicylic acid formulation (SA) against anthracnose disease. Our results indicated that the SA could reduce anthracnose severity in cassava plants up to 33.3% under the greenhouse condition. The β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase enzyme activities were significantly increased at 24 hours after inoculation (HAI) and decrease at 48 HAI after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides challenge inoculation, respectively, for cassava treated with SA formulation. Synchrotron radiation–based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy spectra revealed changes of the C=H stretching vibration (3,000–2,800 cm⁻¹), pectin (1,740–1,700 cm⁻¹), amide I protein (1,700–1,600 cm⁻¹), amide II protein (1,600–1,500 cm⁻¹), lignin (1,515 cm⁻¹) as well as mainly C–O–C of polysaccharides (1,300–1,100 cm⁻¹) in the leaf epidermal and mesophyll tissues treated with SA formulations, compared to those treated with fungicide carbendazim and distilled water after the challenged inoculation with C. gloeosporioides. The results indicate that biochemical changes in cassava leaf treated with SA played an important role in the enhancement of structural and chemical defense mechanisms leading to reduced anthracnose severity.