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对国产省藤属(Calamus L.)植物17种2变种的叶表皮进行光学显微镜观察,除单叶省藤(C.simplicifolius)、短叶省藤(C.egregiw)和白藤(C.tetradactylus)外,其它种均为首次报道。省藤属植物的叶表皮形态较为一致,气孔器为轮列4细胞型(tetracytic,或称四轮列型),即有4个副卫细胞,其中2个为侧副卫细胞,2个为端副卫细胞;表皮细胞为长方形,纵向排列。表皮毛有3种类型:多细胞排成单列的单毛(人喙省藤C.macrorrhynchus)、多细胞排成2-3列的单毛(毛鳞省藤ethysanolepis等)、多细胞分枝毛(白藤等)。表皮细胞的长度和宽度特征、细胞壁的厚薄及波纹的深浅和形状、端副卫细胞的长短等细微特征在种问存在差异,可以区分种类。叶表皮结构还反映了种问的亲缘关系。因此,叶表皮特征对于省藤属种类的划分和亲缘关系的确定有较大的分类学意义。 相似文献
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对棕榈科(Palmae)省藤亚科(Calamoideae)省藤族(Calameae)省藤属(Calamus)8种4变种、钩叶藤属(Plectocomia)1种、黄藤属(Daemonorops)1种、蛇皮果属(Salacca)2种共4个属16种植物的花粉进行了光镜和扫描电镜观察。省藤属植物的花粉均为两沟型花粉,外壁纹饰为网状、穿孔或小凹穴等类型;黄藤属的黄藤(Daemonorops matgaritae)花粉为近环沟型,外壁纹饰为颗粒状,其萌发孔特征与以前报道不一致。钩叶藤属的钩叶藤(Plectocomia kerrana)花粉为两沟型,外壁纹饰为网状。蛇皮果属的滇西蛇皮果(Salacca secunda)花粉的萌发孔为2沟,外壁纹饰为稀疏的穿孔或者小孔穴,而蛇皮果(S.zal-acca)花粉萌发孔为近环沟型,外壁纹饰为刺状突起,刺之间为密集的小穿孔。研究表明,花粉特征可以反映省藤属内的种间差异,支持褐鳞省藤(Calamus balansaeanus var.castaneolepis)、滇缅省藤(C.erectus var.birmanicus)及长穗省藤(C.palustrisvar.longistachys)作为变种,支持勐腊鞭藤(C.karinensis)作为种的等级地位;另外花粉特征对于探索省藤属和其他属的亲缘关系具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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娃儿藤属(萝藦科)植物花粉器形态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用光镜对我国萝藦科(Asclepiadaceae)娃儿藤属(Tylophora)17种植物的花粉器形态进行了观察。结果表明,着粉腺的形态有4种类型:长圆形、近方形、三角形和倒立三角形。花粉块的形态有3种类型:球形、长球形和超长球形。花粉块柄的长度、着粉腺和花粉块的形态和大小在种间存在较显著的差异,可作为区分种的辅助特征,对娃儿藤属植物的分类有较大意义。 相似文献
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利用光学显微镜对萝藦科鹅绒藤属17种1亚种植物花粉器的形态特征进行观察。结果表明:(1)该属植物花粉器形状大小在各个种间差异较大:花粉块下垂,通常呈球形、长球形和超长球形,平均大小为327.2μm×183.9μm;着粉腺呈长圆形、近圆形、近方形和近三角形,平均大小为406.1μm×231.4μm。(2)翅果杯冠藤的花粉块柄最不发达,豹药藤的花粉块柄最发达。(3)白薇与朱砂藤、刺瓜与轮叶白前的花粉器特征均较相近。研究结果支持《中国植物志(第63卷)》中对催吐白前组(Sect.Vincetoxicum)的分组处理;支持将娃儿藤属(Tylophora)作为一个独特类群的观点;因国内翅果杯冠藤和美翼杯冠藤的花粉器形态存在差别,故不支持Flora of China(Vol.16)中认为翅果杯冠藤是美翼杯冠藤的错误鉴定与处理。 相似文献
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省藤属四种植物的核型分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
报道了省藤属 (Calamus) 4种植物的核型 :小省藤 (C gracilis)的核型公式为 2n =2x =16m 10sm ,盈江省藤 (C nambariensisvar yingjiangensis)为 2n =2x =16m 10sm ,宽刺藤 (C platyacanthus)为 2n =2x =14m 12sm ,高地省藤 (C nambariensisvar alpinus)为 2n =2x =14m 12sm。其体细胞染色体数均为 2n =2 6 ,核型不对称性类型为 2B ,说明其种间染色体核型差异小。但小省藤臂比值大于 2的染色体占 12 % ,而宽刺藤、盈江省藤和高地省藤为 30 % ,说明在系统发育中 ,前者可能更为原始 相似文献
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用光学显微镜对萝藦科(Asclepiadaceae)鹅绒藤属(Cynanchum)12种植物花粉器形态进行了观察。结果表明:花粉块的形态有3种类型:球形、长球形和超长球形。着粉腺的形态有6种类型:长圆形、方形、近方形、三角形、正三角形和近三角形。花粉器形态学结果对青羊参(Cynanchum otophyllum)在鹅绒藤属中的分类具有较大意义;支持《中国植物志》第63卷中对催吐白前组(Sect. Vincetoxicum)的分组处理;结合鹅绒藤属花粉块下垂,娃儿藤属(Tylophora)花粉块平展的特点,支持将娃儿藤属作为一个独特类群的观点。 相似文献
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摘要:藤山柳属Clematoclethra为中国特有属,属内物种划分争议颇大。利用扫描电镜观察了该属14个居群的花粉形态,结果表明藤山柳属的花粉为小粒花粉,多为圆球形,具三拟孔沟,根据外壁纹饰可分为皱波状花粉、颗粒状花粉和细疣状花粉3种类型。花粉类型与植株毛被特征有一定相关性,对澄清藤山柳属的分类问题具有一定意义。 相似文献
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中国蒿属植物比较形态和解剖学研究 Ⅱ花粉形态 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜,观察国产菊科蒿属2亚属7组58种代表物的花粉形态,结合有关资料以及菊科12族,30属代表植物花粉作比较,分析研究,取得以下结果:1.蒿属的花粉特征具有高度的一致性。主要体现在:花粉呈球形或近球形,极面观的三形圆形,赤道面观为圆形或椭圆形。 相似文献
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Pollen morphology of 103 species belonging to twenty-three subsections of seven sectionsof Rubus L. was examined with SEM. The pollen grains are usually 3-colporate, spheroidal, subspheroidal, prolate and perprolate, though occasionally rhombic and hexagonal, 16.0~38.0 μm ×12.0~30.0 μum in size. The exine ornamentation can be divided into rugulate, striate, cerebroidand perforate-reticulate types, which include 11 subtypes: rugulate-subpsilate, rugulate-striate, rugulate-perforate, striate, striate-perforate, striate-reticulate, cerebroid, cerebroid-perforate, perforate, perforate-reticulate and reticulate. The pollen morphology is of some significance for a betterclassification of the genus Rubus, but seems to be of little help for a better understanding of thephylogeny of the genus. 相似文献
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中国悬钩子属花粉形态观察 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
通过扫描电镜观察了中国悬钩子属7组23亚组共103个种的花粉形态。本属花粉为圆球形、近球形、长球形和超长球形,少数为菱形和六边形,具三孔沟,大小多为16.0~38.Oμm×12.0~30.0μm,外壁纹饰可分为皱波型、条纹型、脑纹型和穿孔网型等类型,进而可分为皱波-近光滑状、皱波-条纹状、皱波-穿孔状、条纹状、条纹-穿孔状、条纹-网状、脑纹状、脑纹-穿孔状、穿孔状、穿孔-网状及网状等11个亚型。分析结果认为,悬钩子属的花粉形态特征对该属种的区分有一定的参考价值,但要合理地阐释其系统发育意义,仍需积累更多的信息。 相似文献
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This paper deals with pollen morphology of Zizania L. and its relatives. Atotal of 7 genera, 13 species, 3 varieties and 1 form were examined under light microscopeand scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows:1. The genus Zizania belongs to tribe Oryzeae as shown by pollen characters, i, e. subspheroidal to ovoid in shape, monoporate, exine two-layered, with minute granules under LM.2. The evolutionary trend of these taxa seems to be from minute granules free (Zizanialatifolia, Z. texana, Zizaniopsis milicea and Oryza sativa) to minute granules aggregated in agroup of 2-4 (many) (Zizania aquatica, Z. palustris, Leersia hexandra etc.). The genus Zizania may be derived from the ancient stock which has also given rise to the genus Oryza, andtherefore parallel evolution may have taken place in Oryzeae, i. e. from perennial species toannual species in Zizania in one line, and from the genus Oryza to Leersia, Chikusichloa etc.in the other.3. The characters of pollen morphology under LM and SEM support the division of thegenus, Zizania into 4 species, 2 subspecies in the world, i. e. Z. latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. exStapf, Z. texana Hitchc., Z. aquatica subsp. aquatica, Z. aquatica subsp. brevis (Fassett) S. L.Chen, Z. palustris subsp. palustris, and Z. palustris subsp. interior (Fassett) S. L. Chen. 相似文献
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The karyotypes and pollen morphology of Brassica oleracea L. and B. alboglabraBailey were studied by preparing mitotic chromosome specimens and scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows: 1. the karyotypes of the 4 varieties in B. oleracea L. and ofB. alboglabra Bailey are similar, all with the same chromosome number (2n=18) satellitenumber (one pair) and a type of karyotype, but different in respect to satellite position andkaryotype symmetry 2. The pollengrains of 2 varieties of B. oleracea L. are 3-colporate andreticulate, distinctly different from those in B. alboglabra, which are pantoporate with smallerlumina. Based on the results we tend to regard that B. alboglabra Bailey is an independent species. 相似文献
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用扫描电子显微镜对中国鸡矢藤属(Paederia L.)6种1变种植物的花粉进行观察。结果表明:鸡矢藤属植物的花粉均为单粒,辐射对称,小型或中型,极面观3-裂圆形至钝三角形,赤道面观呈长圆球形或近长球形,具3个萌发沟,无内萌发孔。外壁纹饰网状、细网状或穿孔状,孔边缘具小刺状突起或无。臭鸡矢藤(P.foetida)和白毛鸡矢藤(P.pertomentosa)具有花粉二型现象,其中白毛鸡矢藤(P.pertomentosa)是首次报道。花粉二型现象与花柱二型现象可能没有直接的关联性,与前人的观点一致。推测鸡矢藤属外壁纹饰的可能演化趋势为:穿孔、网状、细网状→粗网状;网眼内无棒状突起→网眼内有棒状突起。鸡矢藤属花粉的外壁纹饰变化较大,且无内萌发孔,是茜草科花粉过渡类型的特征。 相似文献
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The present study on pollen grains of the genus Viburnum Linn. Shows that:1. The pollen characteristics are of no significance in division of sections, but each species hasits own pollen characteristics. 2. The exine can be divided into three types: I. Exinesemitectate, reticulate, muri psilate; II. Exine semitectate, reticulate, muri verrucate; III. Exineintectate, retipilate or pilate, the heads of pila verrucate. The evolutionary trend of theexine is III→II→I. 3. Four types of colpus margin are recognized: I. intectate; II. Thecolpus margin semitectate, reticulate; III. The colpus margin tectate; IV. Syncolpate at onepole, the margin tectate (only in V. farreri). 4. The ora can be divided into five types according to its membrane shape under SEM: I. The membrane of ora indistinct; II. Themembrane of ora semispherical, discontinuous with colpus margin; III. The membrane ofora semispherical, continuous with colpus margin; IV. The membrane of ora semi-ellipsoidat, lolongate; V. The membrane of ora semi-ellipsoidal, lalongate, across thecolpus like a bridge. 5. According to both pollen characters and inflorescence, the authorssuggest that Sect. Pseudotinus be divided into two subsections, one including V. sympodiale,V. furcatum and V. latanoides, which have large sterile marginal flowers with the exine belonging to the Type I, and the other including only V. nervosum, which has no large sterr-ile marginal flowers with the exine belonging to the Type III. 相似文献
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山茶科花粉超微结构及其系统学意义 总被引:15,自引:4,他引:15
借助光学显微镜,扫描电镜及透射电镜对分布于亚洲,北美洲及中南美洲山茶科17属约50种植物的花粉进行了系统的观察研究。本科花粉为3孔沟或3孔沟,近扁球至近球形,少数近长球形。大小从13 ̄50μm×55.3μm。表面纹饰可分为皱波状,颗粒状,疣状,钝刺状,网状,穴网状及近乎光滑等类型。在皱波状纹饰中,其皱脊的组成分子可分为颗粒,念珠状结构。外臂为具复盖-柱状层结构,复盖层-穿孔或不穿孔。其复盖层、柱状 相似文献