L－缬氨酸发酵供氧与补料过程控制的研究

高产缬氨酸的北京棒杆菌(corynebacterium pekinense)突变株125菌株,在2．6L自控发酵罐上分批培养结果表明,当发酵中后期DO为零时,产酸量较多。也可用kL。值为指标来调节过程的供氧强度,Kla=90．75h^-1时,产酸量最高。同时比较了恒速连续补加葡萄糖液,当F=3．75g／b时,产酸较高。由此获得了该菌株L一缅氨酸发酵的低供氧与恒速补糖的控制模式。总糖量为16．85％的发酵,可使产酸量达38．2g／L,转化率为22．67％。本文对有关试验结果,进行了发酵动力学的分析和讨论。     

L-赖氨酸分批发酵连续补糖的研究

用L-赖氨酸产生株纯齿棒状杆菌PI-3-2(Hsc^-,AEC⁺)在8L自控发酵小罐上,用恒稀释率指数递增方式连续补加葡萄糖液进行L-赖氨酸分批发酵的研究。结果表明,一次投糖分批发酵时,较高糖浓度使比产酸速率Qp值下降,不能有效地提高产酸水平。采用连续补糖方式可以改变菌体竞争底物的能力或改善代谢途径,增大耗底物分数a2或真正产酸率yp,;从而增加表观产酸率Yp值,提高葡萄糖转化率。此方式的发酵属Caden动力学分类第I型,在发酵的中后期控制H等条件,可增加比产酸速率Qp值,提高发酵水平。PI-3-2菌株的产酸水平可由47．Mg／ml提高到64．2mg／ml(总糖浓度18．18％时),避离可达73．3mg／m1(总糖浓度22．73mg／ml时)。     

L-苹果酸产生菌筛选及高产突变株诱变选育

通过广泛收集和分离,获得根霉属(Rhizopus)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)及裂褶菌属(Schizophyllum)等属菌株897株。产酸指示平板上的变色圈测定结果表明,它们中间628株为产酸菌。通过纸层析对产酸菌发酵液酸谱的分析,获得129株L-苹果酸产生菌,经进一步测定发酵液中L-苹果酸的含量,筛选出以葡萄糖为原料,摇瓶发酵140小时,L-苹果酸产率48．37g／L,对糖转化率48．37×10^-2 的菌株LMO2。经初步鉴定,这一菌株为曲霉(Asper-gillus sp.)以LM02作为出发株,采用亚硝基胍、自然污染细菌、甲基磺酸乙酯及紫外线进行诱变处理,选育出葡萄糖为原料,L-苹果酸产率较高的突变抹N1-14、N1-14、NE1412、NU1416及NU1419。其中N1-14 的L-苹果酸产量最高,比出发株提高46．2×10^-2。N1-14 的菌丝生长速度快,产孢能力强,摇瓶发酵葡萄糖140小时,平均L-苹果酸产率为72．53g／L,对糖转化率53．74×10^-2。全发酵液经薄层层析测定,不含黄曲霉毒素。发酵产物分离提纯后,得到白色粉末状结晶,经纸层析、质谱及红外光谱测定,证明为L-苹果酸。     

胞外Ca2+促进粟酒裂殖酵母细胞增殖作用的研究

研究了胞外Ca²⁺对粟酒裂殖酵母Schizosaccharomyces pombe)细胞增殖的影响。实验结果首次证明胞外Ca²⁺能明显促进粟酒裂殖酵母的增殖,其作用方式主要是缩短了粟酒裂殖酵母的生长延滞期。当起始的接种细胞密度升高至使粟酒裂殖酵母的生长延滞期消失时,外加Ca²⁺的作用也消失。EGTA可抑制粟酒裂殖酵母的细胞增殖,而外加Ca²⁺能够有效消除EGTA的抑制作用,进一步说明胞外Ca²⁺是粟酒裂殖酵母增殖所必需的。此外,外加EGTA除了可延长细胞增殖的延滞期外,还能显著降低指数期细胞分裂的速率以及达到稳定期时培养液中的细胞总数,提示缺Ca²⁺还影响粟酒裂殖酵母细胞的分裂。     

酒明串珠菌31DH酿酒特性的研究

研究了四个品种干红葡萄酒的酒明串珠菌（Leuconostocoenos）31DH的酿酒特性。结果表明,18～20℃为该菌进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵（MLF）的最适温度;PH＜3.1时,MLF触发困难;31DH对总SO2的抗性达60mg／L且能耐12.8％的酒精度。葡萄酒经过MLF后,总酸下降2．0～3．5g／L,挥发酸和挥发酯分别上升0．20～0．30g／L和0．15～0．22g／L,风味平衡指数达5以上,口感变得柔和、润口、协调,酒质得到提高。     

纤维载体固定化红螺菌反应器处理发酵废液及其动力学模型

在充填软性纤维材料的玻璃柱式反应器中,利用Rhodopseudomonas palustris Y6光合细菌(PSB)连续处理发酵废液。建立了该处理系统动力学模型。计算出模型参数t K_s=45．56mg／m1,μm=0．224h^-1。模型理论曲线与实验值较吻合。研究得出较适合的稀释率Dopt为o．129^-1’,此时COD去除能力最大为1686．Oppm COD／h。本文为纤维载体固定化PSB处理有机废水提供了一些放大操作依据。     

滇紫草培养细胞中色素合成的代谢调节

培养基中分别加入浓度为10^-5mol／L的铜离子,滇紫草愈伤组织中色素含量提高了5．5倍,悬浮细胞中色素含量提高8．1倍。细胞培养第21天,加入浓度为10^-5mol／L的L-Phe,色素的合成量最大。浓度为10^-6mol／L的抗坏血酸,能明显地促进培养细胞中色素的合成。     

Mn2+对必特螺旋霉素产生菌代谢和必特螺旋霉素合成的影响

通过在必特螺旋霉素产生菌WSJ1195发酵过程中添加金属离子Mn²⁺发现：发酵前期（24h左右）添加Mn²⁺可以明显提高生物效价,加入的Mn2+浓度以5mmol/L为最佳。实验显示添加Mn2+后发酵液pH逐渐下降,整个产素期间 pH一直低于对照;与对照相比添加Mn²⁺摇瓶菌体浓度也较低。通过研究必特螺旋霉素发酵过程有机酸的变化趋势发现：24h添加5mmol/L Mn2+后发酵过程中有机酸含量已经发生变化,其中丙酸浓度的增长最为显著,84h时其浓度为对照的6倍。通过丙酸盐的添加实验证实了发酵前期添加Mn²⁺可以促进产物合成的原因之一是促进了丙酸等前体酸的合成,丰富了大环内酯合成的前体库。     

三孢布拉氏霉发酵生产β-胡萝卜素的研究

利用三孢布拉氏霉发酵生产天然β－胡萝卜素。在30L发酵罐中,平均生物量31．3g干菌重／L发酵液和胡萝卜素1213．1mp／L;在3M³发酵罐中,平均生物量38.0g干菌重／L发酵液和胡萝卜素1146．5mg／L。将中试样品经HPLC分析,在总色素中β-胡萝卜素占92～96％,其他类胡萝卜素占8～4％;在β-胡萝卜素中,反式异构体占90～95％,9－、13－、15－顺式异构体占10～5％。结晶β－胡萝卜素呈多种形状,但大多数为两端锥形的棱柱体。在胡萝卜素提取中,工艺和技     

金针菇菌丝体深层培养工艺研究

在1．8L气升式发酵反应器中,研究了金针菇菌丝体深层培养工艺条件及其特性。结果表明：金针菇菌丝体深层培养可采用玉米、黄豆和糖蜜等廉价原料作主要碳氮源;最适需氧量为1．0—2．0×10^-7mol O₂／ml·min·atm,培养24—72h内,菌丝球生长遵循立方根规律·即x^1/3,=0．786+0．027t。在最佳发酵条件下,摇瓶培养4天,茵丝干重达24．4mg／ml在反应器培养4天,菌丝干重为25．7mg／ml。     

甘肃省啮齿动物区系及地理区划的研究

甘肃啮齿动物有87种(含7亚种),隶2目9科41属。可将甘肃划分6个省：1．陇东高原省,有28种(含l亚种),2．中部黄土高原省,有30种;3．河西走廊省,有36种,三趾心颅跳鼠和短耳沙鼠为本省特有种;4．祁连山地省,有29种,高原高山鼠和银白高山鼠为本省特有种;5．甘南高原草原省,有34种,棕背鼾和普通田鼠为本省特有种,6．陇南山地省,有34种,豪猪和巢鼠为本省特有种。     

四川短尾鼩（Anourosorex squamipes)种群动态研究

四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squmipes)的怀孕期在每年的4、7 、9月,种群数量高峰为6月和10～11月。其种群数量的消长可分为种群潜伏期(3-4月)、盛发期(6、8、9月)、始衰期(10-11月)、凋落期(12、1、2月)以及数量间歇期(7月)和繁殖间歇期(5月)。该兽在田间是以个体群为基础的聚集型分布格局,并有高密度时低聚集和低密度时高聚集的分布特征。     

人工饲养条件下高原鼠兔生长和发育的初步研究

本文研究了人工饲养条件下高原鼠兔的生长发育情况,并和其他种鼠兔的生长作了比较。室内高原鼠兔比野外的生长快,人工饲养的阿富汗鼠兔和北美鼠兔生长期短,成熟早。     

A MENI0RIAL T0 THE FAM0US CHINESE GE0B0TANIST PROF. ZHU YAN-CHEN

The Yunnan University, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, on December 5, 1980, 1ost its staff member through 30 years and more,the Senior Professor of Plant Ecology and Geo- botany,Head of Geobotanical Laboratory, (Yun- nan University),President the Yunnan Botanical Society, Editor of Acta Botanica Yunnanica, etc     

应用阴茎骨形态指标划分黑腹绒鼠年龄的研究

用雄性阴茎骨近支基底高作频数分配将黑腹绒鼠指名亚种划分为5个年龄组,对各年龄组的体长、阴茎骨近支长和阴茎骨近支基底宽作t检验和F检验均有显著差异或极显著差异．表明以阴茎骨近支基底高划分黑腹绒鼠年龄组是可行的。     

Seed size variation in the palm Euterpe edulis and the effects of seed predators on germination and seedling survival

Intraspecific variation in seed size is common in wild plant populations and has important consequences for the reproductive success of individual plants. Multiple, often conflicting evolutionary forces mediated by biotic as well as abiotic agents may maintain such a variation. In this paper we assessed seed size variation in a population of the threatened, commercially important palm Euterpe edulis in southeast Brazil. We investigated (i) how this variation affects the probability of attack by vertebrate and invertebrate post-dispersal seed predators, and (ii) if seed size influences the outcome of seeds damaged by beetles in terms of seed germination and early survival of seedlings. Euterpe edulis seeds varied in diameter from 8.3 to 14.1 mm. Neither insects nor rodents selected the seeds they preyed upon based on seed size. Seed germination and total, shoot and root biomasses of one-year seedlings were significantly and positively affected by seed size. Root biomass and seedling survival were negatively affected by seed damage caused by a scolytid beetle (Coccotrypes palmarum) whose adults bore into seeds to consume part of the endosperm, but do not oviposit on them. Seed size had a marginally significant effect on seedling survival. Therefore, if any advantage is accrued by E. edulis individuals producing large seeds, this is because of greater seed germination success and seedling vigor. If this is so, even a relatively narrow range of variation in seed size as observed in the E. edulis population studied may translate into differential success of individual plants.     

Morph-specific differences in reproductive success in the distylous Primula veris in a context of habitat fragmentation

Heterostylous self-incompatible plant species are particularly sensitive to habitat fragmentation and to disruption of pollination processes because of the need of intermorph cross-pollination for producing seeds. Heterostyly is characterized by sexual polymorphism through the occurrence of two (distyly) or three (tristyly) morph types that differ in floral traits (style length and anther position). We examined whether the long-styled (pin) and short-styled (thrum) morph types show differences in reproductive components and responses to habitat fragmentation in the distylous, self-incompatible perennial herb Primula veris. We documented reproductive components for pin and thrum individuals and their relationships with population size, plant density and morph ratio (pin frequency), in nine populations from Flanders (northern Belgium) located in fragmented habitats of the intensively used agricultural landscape. Seed abortion increased in small populations as a result of inbreeding depression. Fruit set increased with plant density. Seed set was positively related to pin proportion. Seed set was higher for pin than thrum in small populations, but lower in large populations. Two hypotheses can be considered to explain these morph-specific differences: a pollen transfer asymmetry, and a reproductive advantage for the partially self-compatible pin morph. Morph types appear to respond differently to habitat fragmentation constraints. A floral morph type showing partial self-compatibility may be favored in populations under pollination failure, because it can increase reproductive success and mating opportunities through intramorph crosses.     

Influence of microclimate and species interactions on the composition of plant and invertebrate communities in alpine northern Norway

We assessed the effects of both biotic processes and abiotic factors on the community composition of vascular plant species and invertebrates at a site in northern Norway. Plant species were assigned to functional (woody versus herbaceous) and biogeographic (boreal versus alpine) groups. Invertebrate species were classified as either herbivore or predator. When species interactions and effects of the abiotic environment were partitioned, boreal species appeared to influence the distribution of alpine species and woody species the distribution of herbaceous species. Analysis of partial correlations indicated that facilitation was the dominant mode of interaction between the two pairs of plant groups. Among abiotic factors, the thermal environment probably influenced all components of the plant and invertebrate communities, except for predatory invertebrates, and wind appeared important in determining the composition of woody and alpine components of the plant community but not the herbaceous component. The composition of the boreal component of the plant community apparently influenced the composition of all invertebrate communities, except for predatory invertebrates. The composition of the woody component of the plant community influenced the composition of both herbivore and predator communities. The alpine plant-community composition influenced predatory invertebrate community composition. Woody plant community composition influenced the composition of both herbivore and predator communities. Our analytic approach, based on two kinds of structural equation models (d-separation and path analysis), provides a useful method for identifying the biotic as well as abiotic factors that influence community structure.     

Shadoo/PrP (Sprn0/0/Prnp0/0) double knockout mice

Shadoo (Sho) is a brain glycoprotein with similarities to the unstructured region of PrP^C. Frameshift alleles of the Sho gene, Sprn, are reported in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) patients while Sprn mRNA knockdown in PrP-null (Prnp^0/0) embryos produces lethality, advancing Sho as the hypothetical PrP-like “pi” protein. Also, Sho levels are reduced as misfolded PrP accumulates during prion infections. To penetrate these issues we created Sprn null alleles (Daude et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 2012; 109(23): 9035–40). Results from the challenge of Sprn null and TgSprn transgenic mice with rodent-adapted prions coalesce to define downregulation of Sho as a “tracer” for the formation of misfolded PrP. However, classical BSE and rodent-adapted BSE isolates may behave differently, as they do for other facets of the pathogenic process, and this intriguing variation warrants closer scrutiny. With regards to physiological function, double knockout mice (Sprn^0/0/Prnp^0/0) mice survived to over 600 d of age. This suggests that Sho is not pi, or, given the accumulating data for many activities for PrP^C, that the pi hypothesis invoking a discrete signaling pathway to maintain neuronal viability is no longer tenable.     

新生大鼠脊髓交感节前神经元的单胺能受体

应用新生大鼠离体脊髓薄片的细胞内记录,观察了５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ）及肾上腺素（ＡＤ）对交感节前神经元（ＳＰＮ）膜电位的作用,以期阐明三种单胺受体是共存于同一细胞,还是分别存在于不同细胞？实验结果显示：（１）５－ＨＴ,ＮＡ及ＡＤ分别使５７．１％（１６／２８）,６０％（１５／２５）及５２．４％（１１／２１）的ＳＰＮ出现了去极化反应;（２）根据ＳＰＮ对三种单胺的反应,可将６０％（１