抗干扰微生物培养基的抗干扰性能研究*

食品饮料中残留防腐剂、消毒剂和臭氧会对其中的细菌和真菌的检出造成严重干扰,当采用大样倾注平板法和液体大样法测定细菌和真菌总数及采用国标大肠菌群测定法测定大肠菌群MPN值时,使用抗防腐剂型、抗消毒剂型及抗臭氧型微生物培养基分别检测含有防腐剂山梨酸钾及苯甲酸钠、消毒剂二氧化氧和臭氧的样品,其检出细菌、真菌和大肠菌群的能力大大高于普通微生物培养基,与采用普通微生物培养基检测不合防腐剂、消毒剂及臭氧的样品中的细菌、真菌和大肠菌群的检出能力基本一致。     

抗干扰微生物检测技术研究

在检测细菌、真菌和大肠菌群时,抗防腐剂型微生物培养基可消除样品中浓度为 ２．０ｇ／Ｌ（Ｋｇ）的山梨酸、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸及苯甲酸钠的干扰;抗消毒剂型微生物培养基可分别消除１５０ｍｇ／ Ｌ二氧化氯、４００ｍｐ／ Ｌ过氧乙酸、７００ｍｇ／ Ｌ次氯酸钠及１８０ｍｐ／ Ｌ过氧化氢的干扰;抗臭氧型微生物培养基可以消除１０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的臭氧和余氯的干扰。大样倾注平板法可以取５ｍＬ的样品,适用所有样品的检测;液体大样法可以取１００ｍＬ的样品,适用于所有样品的检测及增菌,特别适用于无色液体样品;最小近似数法可以检出次大样中     

抗消毒剂型微生物培养基研究*

二氧化氯、过氧乙酸、次氯酸钠及过氧化氢等消毒剂高浓度可以杀灭微生物,低浓度可以抑制微生物生长。在微生物检测中,要消除消毒剂的干扰,培养基的抗消毒剂指数必须控制在１２．０—２４.５之间。消毒剂解抑剂Ⅰ的抗消毒剂指数为 １２．０,对细菌和真菌生长无明显抑制作用,加入经改良和优化的普通培养基后,制得５种抗消毒剂型培养基,在灭菌前后和一年的保存期内,其抗消毒剂指数基本保持不变。当采用大样倾注平板法和液体大样法检测残留消毒剂的样品时,使用抗消毒剂型培养基检出细菌和真菌能力大大高于普通培养基。     

抗消毒剂型微生物培养基研究

二氧化氯、过氧乙酸、次氯酸钠及过氧化氢等消毒剂高浓度可以杀灭微生物,低浓度可以抑制微生物生长。在微生物检测中,要消除消毒剂的干扰,培养基的抗消毒剂指数必须控制在１２．０—２４.５之间。消毒剂解抑剂Ⅰ的抗消毒剂指数为 １２．０,对细菌和真菌生长无明显抑制作用,加入经改良和优化的普通培养基后,制得５种抗消毒剂型培养基,在灭菌前后和一年的保存期内,其抗消毒剂指数基本保持不变。当采用大样倾注平板法和液体大样法检测残留消毒剂的样品时,使用抗消毒剂型培养基检出细菌和真菌能力大大高于普通培养基。     

抗防腐剂型微生物培养基研究*

食品饮料中含有山梨酸、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸及苯甲酸钠等防腐剂会对其中的细菌和真菌的检出造成严重干扰,把测定体系的抗防腐剂指数控制在８１．１～９４．５之间,可较好地消除防腐剂对微生物生长的抑制。防腐剂解抑剂Ⅲ的抗防腐剂指数为９２．３４,对细菌和真菌的生长无抑制作用,加入经改良和优化的普通培养基后,制得５种抗防腐剂型培养基,在灭菌前后和一年保存期内,它们的抗防腐剂指数基本保持不变。与普通培养基比较,当采用大样倾注平板法和液体大样法检测含有防腐剂的样品时,抗防腐剂型培养基可极大地提高样品中的细菌和真菌的检出率。     

抗防腐剂型微生物培养基研究

食品饮料中含有山梨酸、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸及苯甲酸钠等防腐剂会对其中的细菌和真菌的检出造成严重干扰,把测定体系的抗防腐剂指数控制在８１．１～９４．５之间,可较好地消除防腐剂对微生物生长的抑制。防腐剂解抑剂Ⅲ的抗防腐剂指数为９２．３４,对细菌和真菌的生长无抑制作用,加入经改良和优化的普通培养基后,制得５种抗防腐剂型培养基,在灭菌前后和一年保存期内,它们的抗防腐剂指数基本保持不变。与普通培养基比较,当采用大样倾注平板法和液体大样法检测含有防腐剂的样品时,抗防腐剂型培养基可极大地提高样品中的细菌和真菌的检出率。     

抗臭氧型微生物培养基研究*

通常采用臭氧对水体进行灭菌,在臭氧与矿泉水混合后,当其浓度分别为０．１８３、０．３１１及０．５８４ｍｇ／Ｌ时,起始阶段臭氧分解速度较小,１．５￣５．５ｈ内其分解速度加快,至９．５ｈ后,在水中的臭氧浓度已降至０．０４０￣０．０６０ｍｇ／Ｌ,但要彻底分解则需２４ｈ以上。从抗消毒剂型微生物培养基基础上发展起来的抗臭氧型微生物培养基,在普通倾注平板法、大样倾注平板法、液体大样法和最小近似数法中,当检测含有     

自然界中难分离培养微生物的分离和应用*

采用在分离培养基中添加自然来源的抽提液,或加入一些特殊化合物,使其中处于Viable but non-culturable(VBNC)状态的微生物恢复其生长繁殖能力,从而得到分离。实验结果发现甜菜碱、丙酮酸钠、SOD以及过氧化氢酶可使分离到的微生物种类及菌落总数明显增加。还采用固液结合的方法来分离那些在普通平板培养基上不能形成肉眼可见菌落的那些微小菌落的微生物。采用这几种方法从4份土壤样品中共分离得到52株放线菌,103株细菌,17株真菌。对其中的放线菌和真菌进行了生物活性的测定,得到多株具有抗菌活性的微     

自然界中难分离培养微生物的分离和应用

采用在分离培养基中添加自然来源的抽提液,或加入一些特殊化合物,使其中处于Viable but non-culturable（VBNC）状态的微生物恢复其生长繁殖能力,从而得到分离。实验结果发现甜菜碱、丙酮酸钠、SOD以及过氧化氢酶可使分离到的微生物种类及菌落总数明显增加。还采用固液结合的方法来分离那些在普通平板培养基上不能形成肉眼可见菌落的那些微小菌落的微生物。采用这几种方法从4份土壤样品中共分离得到52株放线菌,103株细菌,17株真菌。对其中的放线菌和真菌进行了生物活性的测定,得到多株具有抗菌活性的微生物,经过多次复筛的平均阳性率为4.325％,略高于用常规方法分离得到的微生物。因此证明有效的分离方法将为今后微生物药物的筛选和药用微生物菌种的保藏提供更丰富的来源。     

花蛇解痒胶囊微生物限度检查方法学验证试验研究

目的:建立花蛇解痒胶囊微生物限度检查方法。方法:采用培养基稀释法和常规法。结果:采用常规法验证,大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉回收率均能达到70%以上,采用培养基稀释法验证枯草芽孢杆菌回收率能达到70%以上,控制菌可检出大肠埃希菌、大肠菌群、沙门菌。结论:花蛇解痒胶囊微生物限度检查,可采用培养基稀释法检查细菌数、常规法检查霉菌和酵母菌数;控制菌采用常规法和稀释法。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.