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1.
重金属离子对高等植物光合膜结构与功能的影响   总被引:60,自引:0,他引:60  
由于现代工业的迅速发展,重金属离子对土壤和水质的污染日趋严重,它们作为一种逆境因子胁迫着植物的各种生理过程,而光合作用比呼吸作用对重金属离子具有更高的敏感性。近年来已报道了一些关于重金属离子对高等植物光合膜结构和功能发生影响的工作。本文现对这方面的研究近况作一简要叙述,并着重讨论重金属离子对光系统Ⅱ的抑制作用。  相似文献   

2.
酵母菌对重金属离子吸附的研究   总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37  
李明春  姜恒 《菌物系统》1998,17(4):367-373
  相似文献   

3.
酵母菌对重金属离子吸附的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以6属33株酵母菌的活菌或死菌对重金属离子Cu2+、Cd2+和Ni2+进行了吸附能力的初步研究。结果显示∶吸附时间、吸附温度、溶液的pH、共存离子和菌体的生理状态对吸附作用都有明显的影响。在优化组合后发现一株假丝酵母菌对三种重金属离子的吸附比为Cd2+>Cu2+>Ni2+,每克活菌体吸附量分别为17.23mg>10.57mg>3.2mg。干菌体对三种重金属的吸附量较明显的低于活菌体的吸附量。  相似文献   

4.
几种重金属离子对沼泽红假单胞菌的生物效应*   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
研究了Hg^2 、Cu2 、Cd^2 、Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb^2 对光合细菌沼泽红假单胞菌的96h平均生长速度、细胞外渗液电导率、总蛋白质和细菌叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,依据5种重金属离子对该菌的96h平均生长速度影响的实验结果,得出它们对该菌的毒性大小次序为Hg^2 >Cu2 >Cd2 >Cr(Ⅵ)>Pb^2 。在Hg^2 、Cd^2 、Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb^2 的胁迫下,该菌细胞外渗液的电导率增加,且具剂量效应,而Cu2 并未使其细胞外渗液的电导率增加。Hg2 、Cu2 、Cd2 、Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb2 的胁迫均能导致该菌细菌叶绿素含量的降低,也存在剂量效应。但Hg2 、Cu2 、Cd2 、Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb^2 的胁迫对该菌总蛋白质含量没有显的的影响。  相似文献   

5.
重金属离子对黑斑蛙胚胎及蝌蚪的毒性影响   总被引:36,自引:4,他引:36  
本文研究了5种重金属对黑斑蛙胚胎期及蝌蚪期的毒性作用,结果表明,各重金属离子对胚胎期中的孵化期和开口期毒性较大,其余各期毒性较小。各重金属离子对胚胎的毒性顺序为Hg  相似文献   

6.
双倍体酵母细胞D7经单核能为11.4MeV/u的An和U离子辐照后,测定了细胞随剂量的存活率和突变率。获得细胞对Au和U离子的失活截面分别为2.54μm2和1.92μm2。在存活率为37%的条件下,Au、U离子的RBE分别为0.28和0.19。在突变实验中,研究了DNA断链后的重组与倒位,它们对Au和U离子的截面为:8.3×10-2μm2[σm-rec(Au)],9.5×10-5μm2[σm-rec(U)]和6.1×10-4μm2[σm-rev(Au)]和3.8×10-5μm2[σm-rev(U)].最后,对所获结果进行了讨论。  相似文献   

7.
六种重金属离子胁迫诱导鱼类细胞凋亡的研究   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25       下载免费PDF全文
以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)ZC7901细胞为研究模型,选用六种重金属离子进行胁迫诱导鱼类细胞凋亡试验.结果显示,在Cd2+、Cr6+、Hg2+、Cu2+、As5+、Pb2+的胁迫作用下,ZC7901细胞均出现了明显的染色质凝集、趋边化、形成凋亡小体等凋亡形态特征,核酸电泳显示DNA发生特异降解而呈现电泳阶梯,用末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的dUTP切口末端标记(TUNEL)法,检测到DNA的3′-OH断端均被原位特异标记,表明六种重金属离子均能诱导鱼类细胞发生典型的凋亡.  相似文献   

8.
重金属污染广泛存在于环境中,它能通过生物富集作用对动植物及人类产生危害。利用分析化学方法检测重金属离子对其生物危害缺乏直接检定,生物传感器检测重金属离子吸引了越来越多的研究兴趣。对检测重金属离子的各种生物传感器进行介绍,并分析各种生物传感器的特点,指出依靠先进的生物技术研究方法和成果、了解生物传感器生物敏感材料的结构和功能,进一步开发能够自动操作的便携生物传感器是能够满足重金属污染检测要求的方法。  相似文献   

9.
金属离子对酵母胞内核黄素产量的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了金属离子对脆壁酵母 (Saccharomycesefragilis)RY 5胞内核黄素积累的影响 ,运用均匀设计方法进行了培养基优化。结果表明 :Mg2 + ,Zn2 + ,Fe2 + 对RY 5的核黄素产量有着显著影响 ,培养基中金属离子的最佳浓度为 :MgSO4·7H2 O 1 .1g/L ;CoSO4·7H2 O 2 8mg/L ;CuSO4·5H2 O 0 .0 1mg/L ;MnCl2 0 .0 2mg/L ;ZnSO4·7H2 O 3 4mg/L ;FeSO4·7H2 O 1 4mg/L ,RY 5的核黄素产量可达 1 40mg/kg。  相似文献   

10.
利用介电谱方法详细研究了Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Al3+、Ni2+等金属离子以及阳离子表面活性剂CTAB:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)对典型的真核细胞——酵母细胞介电性质的影响。在时间变化和浓度变化的情况下,对上述体系在40HZ~110MHz宽频范围进行了介电测量,Cole-Cole拟合确定了介电参数,定性讨论了不同试剂的时间和浓度的各种作用效果。通过无作用的对照细胞和有离子作用的作用组细胞10小时内的介电谱图比较发现,Cu2+、Pb2+及CTAB对酵母细胞介电行为的影响是以孵化时间依赖的方式发生;对有时间作用的三者选用不同的浓度进行作用,结果发现Cu2+及CTAB对酵母细胞的作用同样是以浓度依赖的方式进行,而不同浓度的Pb”的作用效果接近。进一步,根据酵母细胞的结构特点采用双壳介电模型,理论计算了相参数,并结合细胞生理学知识对细胞受金属离子或特殊试剂作用后的相参数变化原因给予了解释;给出了金属离子,特别是Cu2+以及CTAB与酵母细胞作用的可能机制。此外,模拟了实验条件下细胞悬浮液中各组成相参数对介电谱的依存关系,给出了一些有益的暗示:介电增量主要受细胞膜介电常数和细胞体积分数影响;特征频率尼与液泡膜介电常数以及细胞质的电导率等物理参数有关;而液泡内电导率支配高频的弛豫行为。这些模拟将对酵母细胞介电实时监测技术的实现提供基础参考。  相似文献   

11.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We have studied the intracellular trafficking of Sit1 [ferrioxamine B (FOB) transporter] and Enb1 (enterobactin transporter) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins. Enb1 was constitutively targeted to the plasma membrane. Sit1 was essentially targeted to the vacuolar degradation pathway when synthesized in the absence of substrate. Massive plasma membrane sorting of Sit1 was induced by various siderophore substrates of Sit1, and by coprogen, which is not a substrate of Sit1. Thus, different siderophore transporters use different regulated trafficking processes. We also studied the fate of Sit1-mediated internalized siderophores. Ferrioxamine B was recovered in isolated vacuolar fractions, where it could be detected spectrophotometrically. Ferrioxamine B coupled to an inhibitor of mitochondrial protoporphyrinogen oxidase (acifluorfen) could not reach its target unless the cells were disrupted, confirming the tight compartmentalization of siderophores within cells. Ferrioxamine B coupled to a fluorescent moiety, FOB-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, used as a Sit1-dependent iron source, accumulated in the vacuolar lumen even in mutants displaying a steady-state accumulation of Sit1 at the plasma membrane or in endosomal compartments. Thus, the fates of siderophore transporters and siderophores diverge early in the trafficking process.  相似文献   

12.
啤酒酵母生物吸附镉的研究   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
研究了啤酒酵母在游离与固定化条件下对重金属离子Cd^2 的生物吸附特性。灭活的啤酒酵母在适当条件下对Cd^2 有较强的吸附作用,它的吸附能力受到酵母浓度、Cd^2 浓度、pH值和固定化方法等的影响。结果显示:实验条件下,啤酒酵母的最高吸附率达93%,此时的吸附能力为46.5mg Cd^2 /g干酵母。吸附后用1mol/L的HC1解吸,解吸率达84%。用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋法对啤酒酵母细胞进行固定化,固定化细胞对Cd^2 的吸附主要受到海藻酸钠浓度和Cal2浓度的影响,且凝胶本身对Cd^2 的吸附能力不能忽略。  相似文献   

13.
Comparative metal analyses in amphipod crustaceans   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb have been measured in amphipods (Crustacea:Amphipoda) from marine, littoral, semi-terrestrial and freshwater habitats in S. W Scotland, including amphipods expected to have high body metal loads. Metal concentrations (y) were affected greatly by body size (x) and could be modelled by the power function (y = a x b ), with the smallest amphipods containing the highest concentrations. This finding cautions against the uncritical use of mean metal concentrations in assessments of heavy metal contamination using crustacean monitors. Data were transformed logarithmically for comparison by regression analysis, analysis of variance and analysis of covariance which compensated for the size effect. Essential metal concentrations are compared against theoretical estimates of metabolic requirements. The effects of seasonal changes and the presence of gut contents on metal concentrations have also been considered.  相似文献   

14.
WEB2基因编码产物为一种DNA解链酶。WEB2突变株经hydroxyurea阻断DNA合成后,经流式细胞仪检测DNA含量、纺锤体微管间接免疫 荧光染色及存活率测定,结果显示WEB2突变株表现S期检查点缺失。推测WEB2除了具有解链酶作用外,还参与酿酒酵母S期检查点调控机制,位于已建立的S期检查点信号传导通路模型上。本研究有助于加深对真核细胞检查点调控的了解,为研究肿瘤的发生机制提供线索。  相似文献   

15.
目的:探索利用酿酒酵母系统表达乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)preS/S基因。方法:利用PCR技 术,以HBV病毒DNA为模板,体外扩增HBV preS/S基因。然后构建重组表达载体pESC-preS/S。 用LiAc法转化酿酒酵母YPH50,选取重组菌进行培养,并诱导表达外源蛋白。提取蛋白浓缩后 进行SDS-PAGE分析,并经Western blot分析鉴定。结果:实验结果表明重组菌能够表达HBV preS/S蛋白。结论:利用酿酒酵母系统可成功表达HBV preS/S基因,为制备新型预防性疫苗提供 条件。  相似文献   

16.
啤酒酵母呼吸缺陷型诱变形成机制初探   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
高东  刘家建 《遗传学报》1989,16(3):219-225
本文以两株不同的啤酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)作出发菌株,用溴化乙锭(10—100μg/ml)作诱变剂,诱变呼吸缺陷型。发现在非生长条件下,EB诱变呼吸缺陷型过程中出现回复现象。这一现象可被咖啡碱有一定程度的抑制,而在生长条件下EB诱变过程中未发现此现象。但当用KCN处理时,则得到了类似于非生长条件下的诱变结果。因而,推测呼吸缺陷型形成过程中可能存在一中间态过程[ρ~-]~*。呼吸缺陷型的形成过程可用ρ~ [ρ~-]~*→ρ~-表示。这是一动态过程。加入一定量的放线菌酮、氯霉素处理时,对诱变动力学曲线没有发现有影响,但培养酵母所用葡萄糖浓度不同时,对其诱变结果有一定的影响。  相似文献   

17.
18.
The properties of the calcium efflux system in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated. After growing the cells overnight in medium containing 45Ca, the cells were transferred to medium containing glucose, Hepes buffer (pH 5.2) and monovalent cations. The presence of potassium or sodium in the medium induced efflux of calcium from the cells. The magnitude of the efflux was dependent on the concentration of these cations in the medium. The time course of calcium efflux was analyzed, and two types of exchangeable calcium pools, which turned over at different rates, were detected: ‘Fast turnover’ and ‘slow turnover’. Increase in the concentration of monovalent cations in the medium caused an increase in the fraction of cellular calcium which turned over at a fast rate, and activation of calcium efflux from the ‘slow turnover’ calcium pool. The specific changes in the parameters of calcium efflux induced by monovalent cations were different from those reported previously to be induced by divalent cations. Both processes, i.e. activation of calcium efflux by monovalent and by divalent cations, were found to be additive, indicating that they operate via different mechanisms. Experiments using the respiratory inhibitor Antimycin A, showed that stimulation of calcium efflux by monovalent cations is energy dependent. Lanthanum ions which are known to inhibit calcium influx into yeast cells, inhibitted the activation of calcium efflux by both divalent and monovalent cations. Determination of the cationic composition of the cells indicated that the stimulation of calcium efflux was accompanied by influx of potassium or sodium into the cells.  相似文献   

19.
    
Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) extracted from yeast is heterogeneous owing to proteolysis of its positively charged N-terminus; its crystals are of poor quality. To overcome this drawback, a rational strategy was developed to grow crystals of sufficient quality for structure determination. The strategy is based on improvement of the protein homogeneity and optimization of crystallization, taking advantage of predictions from crystal-growth theories. An active mutant lacking the first 70 residues was produced and initial crystallization conditions searched. The shape and habit of initial crystals were improved by establishing a phase diagram of protein versus crystallizing-agent concentrations. Growth of large well faceted crystals takes place at low supersaturations near the isochronic supersolubility curve. Further refinement led to reproducible growth of two crystalline forms of bipyramidal (I) or prismatic (II) habit. Both diffract X-­rays better than crystals previously obtained with native AspRS. Complete data sets were collected at 3 Å resolution for form I (space group P41212) and form II (space group P3221) and molecular-replacement solutions were found in both space groups.  相似文献   

20.
湿地植物根表的铁锰氧化物膜   总被引:44,自引:0,他引:44  
刘文菊  朱永官 《生态学报》2005,25(2):358-363
湿地植物根系具有泌氧能力 ,使其根表及根际微环境呈氧化状态。因而 ,土壤溶液中一些还原性物质被氧化 ,如 Fe2 ,Mn2 ,形成的氧化物呈红色或红棕色胶膜状包裹在根表 ,称为铁锰氧化物膜。铁锰氧化物膜及其根际微环境是湿地植物根系吸收养分和污染物的门户 ,势必会影响这些物质的吸收。主要综述了铁锰氧化物膜的形成和组成 ,以及根表形成的氧化物膜的生态效应 ,也就是氧化物胶膜对植物根系吸收外部介质中的养分及污染物质——重金属离子的影响  相似文献   

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