冻干腮腺炎活疫苗细胞培养生产工艺研究

报告了冻干腮腺炎活疫苗细胞培养生产工艺研究结果,通过对鸡胚疫苗株的适应培养及对细胞培养生产工艺的试验优化,建立了连续细胞培养多次收获疫苗生产工艺并制备出了冻干细胞培养腮腺炎活疫苗制剂。本生产工艺切实可行,生产成本低、投入产出率高,所用原材料规范、质量易于控制,具有明显的技术优势。生产的冻干疫苗制剂质量稳定可靠,符合中国生物制品规程要求,有利于预防腮腺炎的规模化推广使用     

冻干水痘减毒活疫苗转瓶生产工艺的建立

应用旋转培养的方法,建立冻干水痘减毒活疫苗的生产工艺。选择长成致密单层的2BS细胞,接种带状疱疹病毒Oka株,待细胞病变达75％以上时,收获病毒液,经超声破碎、离心、澄清,冻干后,按常规检定,疫苗各项检定符合《WHO水痘活疫苗规程》及《冻干水痘减毒活疫苗制造及检定试行规程》要求。与克氏瓶相比,应用旋转培养,不但提高了疫苗单产,降低了牛血清蛋白残留量,而且疫苗质量也保持稳定。     

北京株水痘疫苗生产工艺的建立

目的:建立北京株水痘疫苗生产工艺,采用此生产工艺生产水痘减毒活疫苗。方法:采用细胞工厂培养2BS细胞,感染北京株水痘-带状疱疹病毒工作种子批,同时感染Oka株水痘-带状疱疹病毒工作种子批作对照,经洗涤、离心、收获、原液合并、冻干制备水痘减毒活疫苗,并进行各项检定。结果:对照两种不同毒株生产的水痘减毒活疫苗无明显差异,且各项检测指标均符合要求。结论:根据结果显示,可使用此毒株生产工艺大规模生产北京株水痘疫苗,与Oka株生产水痘疫苗无差异。如果用此毒株生产水痘疫苗供应市场,将会打破Oka株水痘疫苗国内市场的垄断。     

风疹减毒活疫苗主种子批毒种(松叶株)的安全性和免疫原性检测

评价兰州生物制品研究所用风疹病毒松叶株主种子批毒种制备的冻干风疹减毒活疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。采用自身对照、开放性的免疫原性临床观察试验,对100名8～10月龄筛选后符合条件的健康易感儿童,皮下接种1剂风疹减毒活疫苗,观察其免疫后的局部和全身反应并采集每个受试者免前和免后35d的血清标本,检测风疹HI抗体,计算阳转率和几何平均滴度。试验中所有受试者在系统观察期内均未观察到注射部位局部的不良反应;总的发热率为5%,且均为轻度发热;有1例在观察期内出现腹泻和咳嗽并持续5d,发生率为1%,属中度全身反应;血清风疹病毒抗体(HI)阳转率为100%,GMT为1:638.7±1.7。该疫苗与国内、外其它种类的风疹疫苗一样具有良好的安全性和免疫原性。     

麻疹疫苗生产连续培养多次收获工艺研究

本研究对连续培养多次收获工艺用于麻疹疫苗生产的可行性、疫苗维持液保护剂、冻干保护剂及冻干过程等进行了大量反复试验,结果表明在现行条件下,本生产工艺具有重复性好、成本低、投入产出率高、易于质量控制等优势。对本工艺生产疫苗进行全面检定,表明成品滴度和稳定性试验指标等均高于９０版《生物制品规程》要求,并在试验基础上制定出了生产工艺流程。     

冻干甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗的研制

研制冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗,提高疫苗的稳定性,便于保存及运输,保证疫苗的接种效果.采用CA-9冻干保护剂,按13.5的比例加入疫苗,制备冻干疫苗.冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗具有与液体疫苗相同的安全性及免疫原性.在2～8℃保存的有效期较液体疫苗的3～5个月提高到18个月.在室温和37℃保存的稳定性也明显提高.冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗的稳定性良好,无需低温保存、冷链运输,便于甲肝疫苗的大规模推广应用.     

病毒活疫苗冻干保护剂筛选研究

为提高冻干病毒性活疫苗的成品滴度和稳定性及提高疫苗生产的出品率,本研究通过对多种保护剂成分如明胶、山梨醇、蔗糖、乳糖、右旋糖苷、精氨酸等及其配比的大量反复筛选试验,已初步选定了数种可供选择并进一步优化完善的冻干保护剂配方。与现行冻干保护剂相比,其疫苗出品率在相同投入下可提高三倍。     

水痘疫苗原液生产工艺改进

目的: 对现有水痘减毒活疫苗原液生产工艺进行改进,提高水痘疫苗原液产量及疫苗质量。方法: 2BS细胞传代至方瓶37代细胞,感染Oka株水痘-带状疱疹病毒工作种子批,35℃培养24h换病毒培养液(II)继续置35℃培养24h,取出使用Earle’s液洗涤方瓶细胞表面,当细胞病变达70%以上时,按120-360ml/瓶进行收获,置-65℃以下保存。经检定合格后进行合并、冻干制备水痘减毒活疫苗。结果: 使用此方法进行生产的水痘疫苗比较原工艺生产的水痘疫苗原液收获量大幅提升,并且疫苗的牛血清残留量与抗生素残留量则大幅下降,且各项检定指标全部合格。结论: 使用此方法生产水痘疫苗产量及质量比较原工艺有大幅度提升。     

小瓶冻干乙脑活疫苗的冻干工艺条件探索

冻干乙脑活疫苗采用小瓶灌装的生产工艺,有利于产品的内在质量和包装质量进一步提高。但其冻干工艺条件与采用安瓿灌装时的冻干工艺条件相比,存在较大差异。这主要是由于容器改变,小瓶与冻干箱板层之间无装瓶用的托底钢盘,小瓶瓶口放置有开口胶塞等原因所致。本文通过...     

红外吸收法检测西林瓶包装冻干制品中的氧含量

目的应用HSA-P型激光检漏仪建立西林瓶包装冻干制品中氧气含量的测定方法。方法考察冻干制品中氧含量测定的操作条件:标准样瓶对仪器的校准;氮气吹扫前后样品中氧含量值的比较;不同纯度氮气吹扫标准样瓶后的氧含量值的变化。深化红外吸收法在测定西林瓶包装冻干疫苗中氧含量的应用。结果将该方法用于检测A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗400批、麻疹减毒活疫苗86批、乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗46批,氧含量分别为1.64%±1.99%、1.36%±1.64%和0.99%±1.58%。结论该法测定冻干疫苗中的氧含量具有灵敏度高、速度快和易操作的优点,为冻干制品真空度的测定提供了定量检测方法。     

High Yield Production of Influenza Virus in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Cells with Stable Knockdown of IRF7

Influenza is a serious public health problem that causes a contagious respiratory disease. Vaccination is the most effective strategy to reduce transmission and prevent influenza. In recent years, cell-based vaccines have been developed with continuous cell lines such as Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and Vero. However, wild-type influenza and egg-based vaccine seed viruses will not grow efficiently in these cell lines. Therefore, improvement of virus growth is strongly required for development of vaccine seed viruses and cell-based influenza vaccine production. The aim of our research is to develop novel MDCK cells supporting highly efficient propagation of influenza virus in order to expand the capacity of vaccine production. In this study, we screened a human siRNA library that involves 78 target molecules relating to three major type I interferon (IFN) pathways to identify genes that when knocked down by siRNA lead to enhanced production of influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 in A549 cells. The siRNAs targeting 23 candidate genes were selected to undergo a second screening pass in MDCK cells. We examined the effects of knockdown of target genes on the viral production using newly designed siRNAs based on sequence analyses. Knockdown of the expression of a canine gene corresponding to human IRF7 by siRNA increased the efficiency of viral production in MDCK cells through an unknown process that includes the mechanisms other than inhibition of IFN-α/β induction. Furthermore, the viral yield greatly increased in MDCK cells stably transduced with the lentiviral vector for expression of short hairpin RNA against IRF7 compared with that in control MDCK cells. Therefore, we propose that modified MDCK cells with lower expression level of IRF7 could be useful not only for increasing the capacity of vaccine production but also facilitating the process of seed virus isolation from clinical specimens for manufacturing of vaccines.     

甲型H1N1流感疫苗生产用工作毒种的质量控制

根据中国药典2005年版三部和WHO"人用大流行流感疫苗制备的指导原则"相关要求,以及各企业的申报规程,对全国10家甲型H1N1流感疫苗生产企业工作毒种A/Californ ia/07/2009 NYMC X-179A进行毒种检定,结果均符合中国药典2005年版三部和各企业申报规程的要求。     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒在Vero细胞上传代适应的研究

通过乙脑病毒Ｐ＿３株以不同方式在鼠脑和Ｖｃｒｏ细胞间传代适应的研究,培育出适于工业化大生产制备乙脑疫苗的生产毒种。其毒力可达７．０±０．５ｌｇＬＤ５０／０．０４ｍｌ,空斑滴度为７．５±０．５ＰＦＵ／ｍｌ,免疫原性ＩＤ５０值为０．００００１６－０．００００２３ｍｌ;在含有适量人白蛋白的１９９营养液内,该毒种于－３０℃至少可稳定一年;与鼠脑组织毒种相比,传代细胞毒种的毒力、免疫原性及稳定性均与其相当。然而,后者不含脑组织,至少降低了一种过敏的危险。另外,细胞毒种的制备无需手工解剖鼠脑,易于控制外源因子污染,易于标准化。对于大规模生产疫苗、提高疫苗产量和质量,传代细胞毒种比鼠脑组织悬液毒种具有明显的优点。     

An adenovirus vector-mediated reverse genetics system for influenza A virus generation

Plasmid-based reverse genetics systems allow the generation of influenza A virus entirely from cloned cDNA. However, since the efficiency of virus generation is dependent on the plasmid transfection efficiency of cells, virus generation is difficult in cells approved for vaccine production that have low transfection efficiencies (e.g., Vero cells). Here we established an alternative reverse genetics system for influenza virus generation by using an adenovirus vector (AdV) which achieves highly efficient gene transfer independent of cell transfection efficiency. This AdV-mediated reverse genetics system will be useful for generating vaccine seed strains and for basic influenza virus studies.     

Enhanced growth of influenza vaccine seed viruses in vero cells mediated by broadening the optimal pH range for virus membrane fusion

Vaccination is one of the most effective preventive measures to combat influenza. Prospectively, cell culture-based influenza vaccines play an important role for robust vaccine production in both normal settings and urgent situations, such as during the 2009 pandemic. African green monkey Vero cells are recommended by the World Health Organization as a safe substrate for influenza vaccine production for human use. However, the growth of influenza vaccine seed viruses is occasionally suboptimal in Vero cells, which places limitations on their usefulness for enhanced vaccine production. Here, we present a strategy for the development of vaccine seed viruses with enhanced growth in Vero cells by changing an amino acid residue in the stem region of the HA2 subunit of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule. This mutation optimized the pH for HA-mediated membrane fusion in Vero cells and enhanced virus growth 100 to 1,000 times in the cell line, providing a promising strategy for cell culture-based influenza vaccines.     

不同年份生产的乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗SA14-14-2基因稳定性研究

为了研究不同年份生产的乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗病毒E蛋白基因稳定性,从分子水平控制乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗质量,确保疫苗安全性,本研究分析了不同年份生产的乙脑活疫苗病毒E蛋白基因核苷酸序列及编码的氨基酸序列,并与该疫苗原始种子、主种子、工作种子、乙脑病毒强、弱毒株进行比较。结果显示不同年份生产的乙脑活疫苗病毒E蛋白基因核苷酸序列与其原始种子、主种子、工作种子和基因库中登录的乙脑病毒弱毒株SA14-14-2的相应序列完全一致,与乙脑病毒强毒株SA14的E蛋白氨基酸序列比较有9个位点氨基酸发生了改变。不同年份生产的乙脑活疫苗病毒E蛋白基因稳定性表明该疫苗质量稳定、安全。     

Development and strategies of cell-culture technology for influenza vaccine

Influenza is a pandemic contagious disease and causes human deaths and huge economic destruction of poultry in the world. In order to control and prevent influenza, mainly type A, influenza vaccine for human and poultry were available since the 1940s and 1920s, respectively. In the development of vaccine production, influenza viruses were cultured originally from chicken embryos to anchorage-dependent cell lines, such as MDCK and Vero. The anchorage-independent lines have also been used to produce influenza virus, such as PER.C6 and engineering modified MDCK and Vero. During the process of influenza vaccine production, the common problem faced by all producers is how to improve the titer of influenza virus. This paper focuses on the developments of cell culture for influenza virus vaccine production, limitations of cell culture, and relative strategies for improvement virus yields in cell-culture systems.     

Establishment of canine RNA polymerase I-driven reverse genetics for influenza A virus: its application for H5N1 vaccine production

In the event of a new influenza pandemic, vaccines whose antigenicities match those of circulating strains must be rapidly produced. Here, we established an alternative reverse genetics system for influenza virus using the canine polymerase I (PolI) promoter sequence that works efficiently in the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line, a cell line approved for human vaccine production. Using this system, we were able to generate H5N1 vaccine seed viruses more efficiently than can be achieved with the current system that uses the human PolI promoter in African green monkey Vero cells, thus improving pandemic vaccine production.     

Simian cytomegalovirus and contamination of oral poliovirus vaccines.

In the 1950s the use of primary rhesus macaque kidney cultures to propagate poliovirus for vaccine production led to the contamination of vaccines with simian virus 40 (SV40). African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cultures free of SV40 were used as an alternative cell substrate for vaccine manufacture. In this study we evaluate oral poliovirus seeds, vaccine bulks and vaccines themselves for the presence of a common contaminant of AGMK cultures, simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV). Using sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, nearly half of the samples analysed were found to be contaminated with SCMV sequences. However, vaccine bulks, positive by PCR for SCMV failed to show any evidence of infectious virus in these studies. One poliovirus vaccine and one seed, propagated on rhesus macaque kidney cultures were found to be positive for the rhesus monkey CMV by PCR.