腰椎多节段退变性滑脱的手术治疗

目的:研讨腰椎多节段退变性滑脱手术减压和植骨融合方式与疗效的关系。方法:20例腰椎多节段退变性滑脱患者行后路椎弓根螺钉复位内固定后,采用椎管减压、神经根松解,行椎间植骨和后外侧植骨融合术,采用日本整形外科学会(JOA)下腰痛评分标准评价疗效。结果:获得连续随访者18例,随访时间9月～3年,平均24个月,优良率90%。结论:可靠的内固定、复位,神经根松解,椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎多节段退变性滑脱效果满意,充分的神经根松解是手术治疗的关键。     

椎弓根内固定联合椎体间植骨融合术治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的临床探讨

目的:探讨椎弓根内固定联合椎体间植骨融合术治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2012年3月至2014年3月收治的30例采用椎弓根内固定联合椎体间植骨融合术治疗的退行性腰椎滑脱症患者临床资料,观察患者对手术效果的满意度,并对症状进行JOA评分。比较患者术前术后的腰椎X线的影像学变化,观察术后临近节段的退变发生率与影像的融合率。结果:术后随访1-3年发现患者JOA评分的平均改善率为(73.81±16.12)%,术后滑脱率与椎间高度均有明显改善,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后影像学显示植骨融合A级15例,B级12例,C级3例,融合优良率为90%。结论:椎弓根内固定联合椎体间植骨融合术对退行性腰椎滑脱症具有显著的临床效果,不仅可以缓解疼痛,改善功能评分,而且使患者影像学变化恢复正常生理形态,是理想的手术方法之一。     

椎间植骨粒体积对腰椎滑脱融合内固定术融合效果的影响

目的:探讨在腰椎后路植骨融合手术中,椎间植骨粒的体积对手术效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院2012年5月-2013年9月采用腰椎后路植骨融合术的75例患者的临床资料,根据患者手术中椎间植骨粒体积不同分为A组(小体积组,5粒/cm3)、B组(中体积组,11粒/cm3)以及C组(大体积组,23粒/cm3)。分析三组患者的植骨粒体积、植骨融合率以及手术效果。结果:三组患者植骨粒体积比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);椎间植骨总体积比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前比较,三组术后ODI指数及VAS评分明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);但三组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。B组植骨融合率高于A组及C组,而A组高于C组,组间比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术后各组椎体滑脱程度与术前相比得到明显改善(P0.05)。结论:腰椎滑脱内固定术中应用中等体积植骨粒可明显提高椎体间融合率。     

SDRS联合BAK技术治疗腰椎滑脱症的研究

对后方入路SDRS内固定加BAK植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床应用研究进行初步报告,探讨此项技术的手术要点和早期临床效果。自2001年1月至2001年8月,对13例腰椎滑脱患者行后方入路椎体间BAK植骨融合、SDRS内固定。随访6个月－14个月,平均9.1个月。结合临床症状改善程度和X线片上植骨副合、复位程度综合进行疗效评定。结果：疗效优3例,良9例,差1例,优良率92.3%。结果表明从一个切口入路行椎体间BAK植骨融合、SDRS内固定术,能对前柱和后柱同时起稳定作用,有利于滑脱的复位和维持正常的腰椎前凸,符合腰椎的生物力学要求。     

不同植骨融合方法治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的疗效评价

目的:比较Cage植骨和椎体间骨粒直接植骨两种植骨融合方法治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的疗效.方法:我科自2004年9月至2006年10月采用腰椎滑脱复位系统(Spondylolisthesis reduction system,SRS)共治疗40例退行性腰椎滑脱症,分成A,B两组,其中A组19例行Cage植骨,B组21例行椎体阃骨粒直接植骨,按侯树勋等[1]的疗效评定标准比较术后两组的临床疗效,同时比较两组手术时间,术中术后出血量,平均融合率,术后椎间隙高度变化.结果:两组手术时间、术中术后出血量、平均椎间隙高度变化差异有显著性;40例患者获得10月-3年(平均1.9年)随访,两组临床症状术后有明显改善,临床症状改善率、融合率差异无显著性.两组都无症状加重,无内固定松动或断裂发生.结论:SRS治疗腰椎滑脱症时,采用Cage植骨与椎体间骨粒直接植骨其融合率和临床优良率无显著性差异.椎体间骨粒直接植骨手术操作更简便,手术时间更短(P=0.000),术中术后出血量更少(p=0.000).     

TLIF与PLIF对退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄患者临床疗效及安全性比较

目的:比较经椎间孔椎体间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)与经后路椎体间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)对退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄患者临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2013年6月到2015年6月我院收治的90例退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄患者,随机分为TLIF组和PLIF组,各45例。TLIF组患者给予TLIF治疗,PLIF组患者给予PLIF治疗。记录并比较两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量及术后卧床时间。评价并比较两组患者治疗前后视觉疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能不良指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)。记录并比较两组患者治疗后神经根损伤、感染、硬膜囊破裂等并发症发生情况。结果:TLIF组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量及术后卧床时间均明显小于PLIF组,均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者VAS、ODI评分,相比均无显著性差异(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者VAS、ODI评分均明显小于治疗前,且TLIF组患者的VAS、ODI评分均明显小于PLIF组,均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。TLIF组患者的并发症发生率明显低于PLIF组,均具有显著性差异(X~2=3.873,P=0.049)。结论:相比于PLIF,TLIF治疗退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄患者的临床疗效显著,有助于腰椎功能的恢复,并发症发生率较低,值得在临床上推广应用。     

经后路椎体间融合术与经椎间孔椎体间融合术治疗老年退行性 腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄的疗效

目的：研究经后路椎体间融合术（PLIF）与经椎间孔椎体间融合术（TLIF）治疗老年退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症的临 床疗效。方法：选取2011 年12 月到2014 年12 月我院收治的老年退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症患者40 例,根据手术方式 将患者分为PLIF组和TLIF组,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间、视觉疼痛评分（VAS）、Oswestry功能 不良指数（ODI）以及并发症的发生率。结果：TLIF组术中出血量、术后引流量及术后卧床时间均显著优于PLIT 组,差异具有统计 学意义（P＜ 0.05）;两组手术时间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组术后半年VAS评分及ODI评分均显著优于手术前,差异具有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）;但两组之间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;TLIF 组并发症发生率显著低于PLIF 组,差异具有统计学 意义（P＜ 0.05）。结论：TLIF治疗老年退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症具有较好的临床疗效,且术后并发症较少。     

腰椎间盘突出合并脊柱滑脱患者的手术治疗观察

目的:研究手术治疗腰椎间盘突出合并脊柱滑脱的临床疗效。方法:将腰椎间盘突出合并脊柱滑脱的120例患者随机分为两组,其中对照组54例采取保守(非手术)治疗;观察组66例采取手术治疗,对所有接受治疗的患者进行6至9个月不等(平均8个月)的随访,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)以及腰椎功能障碍指数评分(ODI)两组结果,比较保守和手术治疗的效果。结果:根据VAS和ODI评价结果,手术治疗组疗效明显优于保守治疗组,两治疗组的比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:手术治疗腰椎间盘突出合并脊柱滑脱效果优于保守治疗,是一种安全、有效的方法,能显著改善临床症状,疗效显著。     

退行性腰椎滑脱临近节段椎间盘退变和关节突关节角度相关研究

目的:探讨退行性腰椎滑脱(DLS)临近节段椎间盘退变程度和关节突关节角度之间的关系。方法:选取我院2012年6月至2016年6月收治的120例DLS患者作为DLS组,另外选取来我院接受体检的健康者120例作为对照组,选择CT进行关节突关节角和腰椎滑脱度的测量,使用MRI的T2像对椎间盘进行Pfirrmann退变分级。结果:DLS组的各节段关节突关节角度均小于对照组(P0.05);DLS组不同滑脱程度的L2/3、L3/4、L5/S1节段关节突关节角度的比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);DLS组L2/3、L3/4、L5/S1节段不同椎间盘退变等级间的滑脱程度无显著性差异(P0.05)。L2/3和L3/4节段不同椎间盘退变程度间关节突关节角度差无显著性差异(P0.05),L5/S1节段不同椎间盘退变程度间关节突关节角度差有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:退行性腰椎滑脱临近节段关节突关节角度明显小于正常人,且临近节段关节突关节的角度并未随着腰椎滑脱程度的加重而改变,退行性腰椎滑脱患者滑脱临近节段椎间盘退变与关节突关节的矢状化程度无关,但L5/S1关节突关节角度不对称性会影响到同节段椎间盘退变程度。     

半椎板切除全椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的效果观察

目的:探讨半椎板切除全椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的手术效果。方法:2005年7月-2009年6月手术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的患者162例,均行半椎板切除全椎管减压结合椎弓根内固定及后外侧植骨融合术。结果:随访6～24个月,平均10.5个月,术后JOA评分由术前的(15.26±5.26)分提高到术后的(21.38±5.16)分(配对t检验P<0.05)。结论:行半椎板切除全椎管减压结合椎弓根内固定及后外侧植骨融合手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症既可以起到椎管彻底减压的目的,又可以尽可能保留脊柱后柱结构的稳定性及完整性。     

Short aggrecan gene repetitive alleles associated with lumbar degenerative disc disease in Turkish patients

We investigated a possible association between aggrecan gene polymorphism and lumbar degenerative disc disease in Turkish patients. One hundred 20-30-year-old patients with or without low back pain were selected for the study. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all patients. The patient group had low back pain clinically and degenerative disc disease radiographically. The control group included patients with and without low back pain: all were negative radiographically for degenerative disc disease. Genomic DNA was extracted from all participants. A PCR assay were used to evaluate variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism of aggrecan gene alleles to determine if there was any correlation with degenerative disc disease. Significant associations were found between short repeated alleles of the aggrecan gene and severe disc degeneration. A significant association was also found between short repeated alleles of the aggrecan gene and multilevel disc herniation as well as extrusion and sequestration types of disc herniation. In Turkish population, short repeated alleles of the aggrecan gene are associated with increased disc degeneration and disc herniation.     

Biological principles of adult degenerative scoliosis

The global aging population has led to an increase in geriatric diseases, including adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS). ADS is a spinal deformity affecting adults, particularly females. It is characterized by asymmetric intervertebral disc and facet joint degeneration, leading to spinal imbalance that can result in severe pain and neurological deficits, thus significantly reducing the quality of life. Despite improved management, molecular mechanisms driving ADS remain unclear. Current literature primarily comprises epidemiological and clinical studies. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying ADS, with a focus on angiogenesis, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and biomechanical stress. We discuss current limitations and challenges in the field and highlight potential translational applications that may arise with a better understanding of these mechanisms.     

Surgical treatment of scoliosis in a rare disease: arthrogryposis

Background

The reported incidence of scoliosis in arthrogryposis varies from 30% to 67% and, in most cases, the curves progress rapidly and become stiff from early age. The authors report six cases of scoliosis in arthrogryposis to assess the role of surgical treatment.

Methods

Six cases (3 males, 3 females; mean age at surgery 13.2 years) with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita associated with the characteristic amyoplasia were reviewed: they were operated on for scoliosis at the authors' Spine Surgery Department between 1987 and 2008. Surgery was performed using the Harrington-Luque instrumentation (2 cases), the Luque system (1), a hybrid segmental technique with hooks and screws (1) and spinal anchoring with pedicle screws (2).

Results

The patients were clinically and radiologically reviewed at a mean follow-up of 4.2 years, ± 2.7 (range, 1 to 9 years). Three minor postoperative complications were encountered; a long-term pulmonary complication was seen in one case after reintervention and was successfully resolved after 10 days. Surgery was successful in the other 5 cases, where solid arthrodesis was achieved and no significant curve progression was observed at follow-up.

Conclusions

The experience acquired with the present case series leads the authors to assert that prompt action should be taken when treating such aggressive forms of scoliosis. In case of mild spinal deformities in arthrogryposis, brace treatment should be attempted, the evolution of the curves being unpredictable; however, when the curve exceeds 40° and presents with marked hyperkyphosis, hyperlordosis or pelvic obliquity, surgery should not be delayed.     

Surgical treatment of scoliosis: a review of techniques currently applied

Background Context

Research employing gait measurements indicate asymmetries in ground reaction forces and suggest relationships between these asymmetries, neurological dysfunction and spinal deformity. Although, studies have documented the use of centre of pressure (CoP) and net joint moments in gait assessment and have assessed centre of mass (CoM)-CoP distance relationships in clinical conditions, there is a paucity of information relating to the moments about CoM. It is commonly considered that CoM is situated around S2 vertebra in normal upright posture and hence this study uses S2 vertebral prominence as reference point relative to CoM.

Purpose

To assess and establish asymmetry in the CoP pattern and moments about S2 vertebral prominence during level walking and its relationship to spinal deformity in adolescents with scoliosis.

Patient sample

Nine Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis subjects (8 females and 1 male with varying curve magnitudes and laterality) scheduled for surgery within 2–3 days after data collection, took part in this study.

Outcome measures

Kinetic and Kinematic Gait assessment was performed with an aim to estimate the CoP displacement and the moments generated by the ground reaction force about the S2 vertebral prominence during left and right stance during normal walking.

Methods

The study employed a strain gauge force platform to estimate the medio-lateral and anterior-posterior displacement of COP and a six camera motion analysis system to track the reflective markers to assess the kinematics. The data were recorded simultaneously.

Results

Results indicate wide variations in the medio lateral direction CoP, which could be related to the laterality of both the main and compensation curves. This variation is not evident in the anterior-posterior direction. Similar results were recorded for moments about S2 vertebral prominence. Subjects with higher left compensation curve had greater displacement to the left.

Conclusion

Although further longitudinal studies are needed, results indicate that the variables identified in this study are applicable to initial screening and surgical evaluation of scoliosis.