NOTES ON THE FOOD OF SOME RHODESIAN BIRDS

Borrett, R. P. 1973. Notes on the food of some Rhodesian birds. Ostrich 44: 145 148. 26 stomach contents of Rhodesian specimens of the following bird species were analysed: Accipiter minullus, Vanellus coronatus, Glaucidium perlatum, Cursvrius temminckii, Caprimulgus fosxii, Apus coffer, Merops superciliosus persicus, Mirafra africana, Anthus trivialis, A. similis, Macronyx capensis, Salpornis spilonota, Lanius collurio, and Lamprotornis mevesii, the biggest series being that of A. similis. Points of interest are noted as appropriate.     

姜科植物的引种

华南植物园二十多年来共引种姜科植物２３属,１３５种,３变种,３变型,其中存活１８属,１０３种,２变种,２变型。对长果姜（Ｓｉｌｉｑｕａｍｏｍｕｍ ｔｏｎｋｉｎｅｎｓｅ Ｂａｉｌｌ．）、茴香砂仁「Ｅｔｌｉｎｇｅｒａ ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｔ．Ｌ．Ｗｕ ｅｔ Ｓｅｎｊｅｎ）Ｒ．Ｍ．Ｓｍｉｔｈ」等三级保护植物进行了迁地保护。姜科植物在我园引种有高的成活率,开花结实的种类较多,引种较为成功,特别是原产亚     

鼠兔属两对“近缘种”的分子进化与环境变迁的关系

通过对６种鼠兔限制性内切酶图谱的分析,发现传统的形态学研究公认的两对近缘物种,即高原鼠兔与达乌尔鼠兔及甘肃鼠兔与藏鼠兔实际上来自两个不同的母系群。该结果提示这４种鼠兔两两间彼此形态的相似性可能因趋同进化所致。通过遗传距离计算的各物种分化的时间表明,鼠兔在晚上新世可能有一个快速进化时期。这与在地史上发生的相应的地质事件相吻合。     

马铃薯瓢虫复合体分类的研究进展

本文根据近年来对马铃薯瓢虫及其近缘“种”的形态特征、生活习性、食性选择、杂交试验等方面的研究结果及其在分类上的应用，对马铃薯瓢虫复合体的分类研究进展进行了综合，认为该复合体包括Ａ、Ｂ两组。Ａ组内１种即马铃薯瓢，Ｂ组内有多种类型，但以同一生物种对待较为合适。     

Using patterns of distribution and diversity of Kenyan birds to select and prioritize areas for conservation

Patterns and environmental correlates of species distributions and richness are identified for Kenyan birds at a quarter degree-square scale. This information is used together with iterative complementarity analyses, which employ species richness, taxonomic dispersion and range-restrictedness, to identify priority areas for possible conservation attention. Bird species apparently not conserved by existing protected areas in Kenya are identified. Six avifaunal zones (and one transitional zone) are distinguished based on distributions of suites of bird species. Variation in biotope diversity (the number of forest and aquatic systems) accounts for 79% of the observed variation in Kenyan bird species richness. Although both rainfall and altitudinal range are significantly correlated with species richness, they only explain an additional 3% of the observed variation. The priority areas identified are situated mainly within highlands and coastal lowlands. Although few priority areas are identified in northern Kenya, this region also constitutes a priority, as it contains a suite of xeric species with habitats that are not represented elsewhere in Kenya. The papyrus yellow warbler, Chloropeta gracilirostris, William's bush lark, Mirafra williamsi, white-winged dove, Streptopelia reichenowi, and Jubaland weaver, Ploceus dichrocephalus, are identified as endemics or near-endemics that are probably not adequately conserved in Kenya at present.     

9种啮齿动物骨骼形态的模糊聚类分析

本文上关系数对９种啮齿动物的骨骼形态进行模糊聚类分析，所用公式，结果表明：聚类分析是一种适合于啮齿动物骨骼形态的数量分类方法。可用于探讨属，种间的亲缘系。     

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCE ON THE GROWTH AND TOXICITY OF THREE POTENTIALLY HARMFUL DINOFLAGELLATES

Increases in population and agriculture in coastal areas can result in increased nutrient inputs and alterations in the ratios of organic to inorganic nutrients in coastal waters. Such changes in coastal nutrient regimes can affect phytoplankton community structure by creating conditions favorable for growth and dominance of algae that were not dominant before. The effect that changes in ratios and concentrations of nutrients have on toxicity of harmful algal species is not well known. There seems to be a relationship; however, between nutrient stress and toxin production among harmful phytoplankton producing low‐N toxins, e.g. Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins. Even less is known about the relationship between organic nutrient uptake and toxin production. Benthic species and species in coastal areas are probably exposed to greater fluxes of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). In this study, benthic and planktonic species of Prorocentrum were grown on L1 media with the sole N‐source varying among treatments as nitrate, ammonium, urea, L‐glutamic acid, and high molecular weight natural DON. An ELISA specific to the DSP toxins, okadaic acid and 35‐methylokadaic acid, was used to determine toxin production by each species when grown on the different N sources. Preliminary results indicate that some organic forms of N support growth as well as inorganic forms for Prorocentrum minimum, P. mexicanum, and P. hoffmannianum.     

THE POSSIBLE OCCURRENCE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISMS IN DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC1,2,3

An assemblage of 12 diatom species and other photosynthetic microorganisms associated with red clay sediments collected from a depth of 6150 m in the North Atlantic was observed to bloom in Antarctic bottom water when exposed to sunlight at sea surface temperature. Although no growth could be detected over the first 3 days of the experiment, nitrate was nearly completely stripped from the water. The maximum growth rate of 4.7 doubling/day was reached between days 4 and 5. Most of the diatom species have been described as littoral or coastal forms, and it is suggested that these organisms are transported to depth by fecal material, turbidity currents, or a combination of the two.     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FOLIAR ANATOMY OF LYCOPODIUM SPECIES

A comparative study of the leaves of 31 species of Lycopodium was made. The pattern of tracheids varies with the species. Usually they exhibit annular, helical, reticulate, modified or transition forms; none of the species have advanced phylogenetically beyond the scalariform tracheid stage. Mucilage canals have been found in four species. Tracheids are enclosed by a few to several layers of oblique ended, elongated parenchyma cells in most species, but an endodermis is absent. Vascular bundles are encircled by fiber cells in three species. The mesophyll of most species consists of identically shaped cells, although palisade-like tissue has been observed in a few species. The epidermal cells vary from elongated to isodiametric and have either undulated or smooth anticlinal walls, which are deeply pitted in some species. The outer epidermal walls are usually thick and heavily cutinized. Stomates are distributed on both surfaces in 18 species, on the abaxial surface in 11 species, and on the adaxial side in only two species. Most stomates are practically isodiametric in surface view, broader than epidermal cells, usually parallel to the vein, and at the same level as the adjacent epidermal cell. A typical guard cell has a prominent outer ledge and a less developed inner ledge of cutin in most species. Six groupings are suggested, based on similarity of leaf structure and the known chromosome numbers.     

中国鲿科鱼类线粒体DNA控制区结构及其系统发育分析

采用PCR技术获得了中国鲿科鱼类代表种类线粒体DNA控制区基因的全序列,对控制区基因结构进行了分析,并选用粒鲇科的中华粒鲇,鮡科的三线纹胸鮡作为外类群,用最大简约法(MP)和邻接法(NJ)构建了系统发育树。结果显示鲿科鱼类中控制区基因适于系统发育分析,鲿科鱼类构成一个单系类群;圆尾拟鲿应该放入鮠属里。     

恙螨杂交的研究

本文报道了在实验室内对微红纤恙螨和地里纤恙螨进行杂交试验,再次征明这两种恙螨不容易杂交,偶然条交后其繁殖率与成活率比纯种配对的低得多.从F₁繁殖至F₂更困难,而且F₂的成活率更低,说明两者有生殖隔离现象.杂交子代的背板测量数据和幼虫体色出现中间类型,少数个体出现畸形和背毛变异等.以上异常现象在实验室纯种繁殖多代中极少见到.这一切为研究恙螨的种型和正确对待庞大的纤恙螨亚属中幼虫的分类具有重要意义.     

中国蝇子草属蔓生组植物的修订

历史概述 蝇子草属蔓生组(Sect.Cucubaloidcae)是Edgeworth M.P.在1874年建立的。他在《Fl.Brit.Ind.》(1874)一卷中记载了印度和锡金的3个种(Silene? stracheyiEdgew.,S.khasiana Rohrb.,S.vagans C.B.Clarke),对组的特征作了简略的英文记载,但无拉丁文记载,也未指明组的模式种。从19世纪后期到20世纪初有不少学者,如Rohrbach P.(1869),Franchet A.(1886),Williams F.N.(1909),SmithW.W.(1919),Limpricht W.(1922)等相继发表了本组许多新种。但多数未做系统研究。其中仅Williams F.N.(1896),Pax et Hoffman(1934)和Chowdhuri P.K.(1957)等,在各自建立的Silene(或Melandrium)系统中直接或间接涉及到本组植物。而这些分类系统多不能反映本组的系统关系。     

A THIRD CONTRIBUTION TO THE ORNITHOLOGY OF THE BRITISH CAMEROONS

A collection of over 1, 900 skins made in Southern British Cameroons 1955–1957 is described. The range of many forms is extended.
The field habits of many forms are described and there are observations on the nidification of the following:
Francolinus bicalcaratus ogilvie-granti
Columba arquatrix sjöstedti
Centropus monachus occidentalis
Apus affinis abessynicus
Motacilla clara chapini
Ixonotus g. guttatus
Andropadus I. latirostris
Alseonax adjustus obscurus
Erranornis longicauda teresita
Terpsiphone r. rufocinerea
Turdus libonyanus saturatus
Cossypha c. cyanocampter
Petrochelidon preussi
Cinnyricinclus l. leucogaster
Chalcomitra r. rubescens Cyanomitra oritis bansoensis Gymnoris d. dentata Quelea erythrops Spermestes bicolor poensis
The stomach contents of several hundred specimens are noted and recorded in such general terms as fruit, seeds, or insects.
Taxonomy . The following races are regarded as invalid: Streptopelia vinacea savannae, Gymnobucco calvus major, Bradypterus barratti youngi, Anthreptes fraseri cameroonensis .
The following controversial races are upheld: Tympanistria tympanistria fraseri, Pedilorhynchus comitatus camerunensis .
Megabyas flammulatus is regarded as a species without races.     

MORPHOLOGY OF PROTOSALVINIA FROM THE UPPER DEVONIAN OF OHIO AND KENTUCKY

Protosalvinia has a large thallus on which P. arnoldii and P. ravenna forms develop. Light and scanning electron microscopy of Upper Devonian compression forms of Protosalvinia arnoldii, P. ravenna and P. furcata from the Ohio Shale of Kentucky and Ohio, statistical analyses of their cellular dimensions and patterns, and mathematical constructs of thallus shapes and sizes indicate that P. ravenna and P. furcata forms could be ontogenetically derived from a P. arnoldii stage. Tetrads, interpreted as the meiotic sporangial products, are morphologically identical for the three forms; tetrads contain a sporopollenin fraction and occur singly in closed, hypodermal conceptacles. Solitary, multicellular, stalked clavate structures occur in similar closed chambers. Fossil thalli are composed of hydrocarbons with some lignin-like compounds interpretable as cuticular in nature. P. ravenna and P. furcata are morphological forms of a single species showing phenotypic plasticity within an onshore-offshore paleoecological gradient. The form of thallus and the resistant spores are interpreted as adaptations to a littoral environment. The morphology and mode of reproduction of Protosalvinia suggest a heteromorphic diplobiontic life-cycle, similar to the Heterogeneratae (Phaeophyta).     

贺风三趾马头骨的发现及其系统关系的讨论

贺风三趾马是根据下颊齿和零星肢骨建立的。本文记述的头骨和一贺风三趾马的下颌属于同一个体。新材料表明:贺风三趾马在头骨和上牙方面也与其它已知种有明显的区别。在系统关系上,它和 Hipparion hippidiodum 及 H.turkanense 最为接近。它和后一个种在进化水平上大体相当。它们是从 H.hippidiodum 发展起来的两个不同的支系。     

红豆杉科次生韧皮部的比较解剖

在光学显微镜及扫描电镜下,比较观察了红豆杉科Ｔａｘａｃｅａｅ５属即红豆杉属Ｔａｘｕｓ,白豆杉属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓ、穗花杉属Ａｍｅｎｔｏｔａｘｕｓ,榧树属Ｔｏｒｒｅｙａ和澳洲红豆杉属８种植物茎次生韧皮部的结构。其主要结果为：红豆杉科植物茎次生皮部由轴向系统和径向系统两部分构成。轴向系统由筛胞,韧皮薄壁组织细胞,蛋白细胞及韧皮纤维组成;径向系统由韧皮射线构成,但是,在横切面上,各个组成分子的层次有     

自然保护区在保护生物多样性中的作用和意义

本文从理论上论述了自然保护区在生物多样性保护中的重要作用,并指出建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的最有效措施。1.在自然保护区里,基本的生态过程和生命系统得以维持;2.自然保护区提供了物种生存和进化的场所;3.在自然保护区里,不仅能保护生存其中的已知物种;而且能保护所有的未知物种;4.在自然保护区里?能够保护足够大的种群和完整的种群结构;5.自然保护区的试验区是进行生态、遗传和进化等学科研究的理想基地。 基于野外调查的资料,本文分析了云南所建立的自然保护区在保护国家重点保护植物中的作用。云南分布有154种国家第一批重点保护植物。130余种分布于在各自然保护区中而得到了保护;第二批国家重点保护植物中的192种分布于云南,其中104种分布于各自然保护区中而得到了保护。 本文还对云南自然保护区的现状和管理状况进行了分析,指出了加强对自然保护区管理的迫切性。     

贺兰山东坡低山区植被种类组成区域分异与植被性质的分析

本文以定量和定性分析相结合,分析了贺兰山东坡海拔1200—1900m低山区范围内植被种类组成的区域分异、植被性质及生态条件的区域分异特点。结果表明,该范围内务主要植被类型具有荒漠草原或荒漠草原化的共同特点,其种类组成均在北、中、南不同地段存在一定差异。此差异反映出本区海拔1600m以上的中部地段及其以下的北部地段分别是生态环境最湿润和最干旱的区域．