A 42-year-old patient presenting with femoral head migration after hemiarthroplasty performed 22 years earlier: a case report

Introduction

Treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults may require total hip arthroplasty or hip hemiarthroplasty using a bipolar cup. The latter can, however, result in migration of the femoral head and poor long-term results.

Case presentation

We report a case of femoral head migration after hemiarthroplasty performed for femoral neck fracture that had occurred 22 years earlier, when the patient (a Japanese man) was 20 years old. He experienced peri-prosthetic fracture of the femur, subsequent migration of the prosthesis, and a massive bone defect of the pelvic side acetabular roof. After bone union of the femoral shaft fracture, the patient was referred to our hospital for reconstruction of the acetabular roof. Intra-operatively, we placed two alloimplants of bone from around the transplanted femoral head into the weight-bearing region of the acetabular roof using an impaction bone graft method. We then implanted an acetabular roof reinforcement plate and a cemented polyethylene cup in the position of the original acetabular cup. Eighteen months post-operatively, X-rays showed union of the transplanted bone.

Conclusions

Treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults is usually accomplished by osteosynthesis, but it may be complicated by femoral head avascular necrosis or by infection or osteomyelitis. In such cases, once an infection has subsided, either hip hemiarthroplasty using a bipolar cup or total hip arthroplasty may be required. However, if the acetabular side articular cartilage is damaged, a bipolar cup should not be used. Total hip arthroplasty should be performed to prevent migration of the implant.     

股骨近端三维有限元模型评价髋部骨折患者骨密度

目的：探究骨密度与老年髋部骨折股骨近端三维有限元模型密度的关系。方法：选取8 例老年髋部骨折,其中4 例股骨颈骨 折,4 例股骨转子间骨折;左侧肢体3 例,右侧肢体5 例。分别测定腰椎骨密度和双侧髋关节CT 资料,运用Mimics软件和abaqus 软件对健侧股骨近端进行重建和计算出该模型的密度。结果：股骨转子间骨折组腰椎骨密度为(-4.05± 0.24) g/cm2,三维有限元模 型密度为[(1.15± 0.02)× 106],均低于股骨颈骨折组的(-3.15± 0.54) g/cm2,[(1.34± 0.06)× 106],两组比较差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.05）。腰椎的骨密度与三维有限元模型密度成线性正相关（r=0.881,P=0.004）。结论：骨密度与老年髋部骨折股骨近端三维有限 元模型密度成线性正相关的关系,可为进一步用有限元分析法探讨老年髋部骨折部位与骨密度的关系提供理论依据。     

Biomechanical and clinical alterations of the hip joint following femoral neck fracture and implantation of bipolar hip endoprosthesis

The implantation of a bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis is a treatment of choice for displaced medial femoral neck fracture. We present an experimental study which asses and compare biomechanical and clinical status through period before and after hip fracture and implantation of bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis. This study encompassed 75 patients who suffered from an acute medial femoral neck fracture and were treated with the implantation of a bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis. Their biomechanical status (stress distribution on the hip joint weight bearing area) and clinical status (Harris Hip Score) were estimated for the time prior to the injury and assessed at the follow-up examination that was, on average, carried out 40 months after the operation. Despite ageing, the observed Harris Hip Score at the follow-up examination was higher than that estimated prior to the injury (77.9 > 69.6; p = 0.006). Similarly, the hip stress distribution was reduced (2.7 MPa < 2.3 MPa; p = 0.001). While this reduction can be attributed to a loss of weight due to late ageing, the principal improvement came from the operative treatment and corresponding restoration of the biomechanical properties of the hip joint. The implantation of a bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis for patients with displaced medial femoral neck fractures improves the biomechanical and clinical features of the hip, what should have on mind during making decision about treatment.     

两种不同术式对老年股骨颈骨折治疗对比

目的：探讨全髋关节置换术与股骨头置换术治疗对比。方法：回顾性的分析对2007年1月-2008年12月年我院接收的70例60岁以上的老年股骨颈骨折的进行股骨头置换和全髋关节置换两组不同手术方式的临床资料。结果：两组股骨颈骨折治疗的手术时间、住院时间及术后并发症及治疗效果无明显统计学差异,两组术后半年到一年半的Harris评分较术前评分有显著的统计学意义。结论：人工股骨头置换术和髋关节置换是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的有效方法,可根据患者的自身情况、疾病特点等选择不同术式。     

关节置换术对老年股骨颈骨折的临床应用

目的：观察髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨骨折的效果。方法：对60岁以上老年股骨颈骨折23例施行人工股骨头或全髋关节置换术。结果：经平均2．5年随访,总满意率95．7％。结论：人工股骨头或全髋关节置换术是治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的有效方法,可促使老年人早期活动,提高生活质量。     

During sideways falls proximal femur fractures initiate in the superolateral cortex: Evidence from high-speed video of simulated fractures

Results of recent imaging studies and theoretical models suggest that the superior femoral neck is a location of local weakness due to an age-related thinning of the cortex, and thus the site of hip fracture initiation. The purpose of this study was to experimentally determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the macroscopic failure process during a simulated hip fracture that would occur as a result of a sideways fall. Twelve fresh frozen human cadaveric femora were used in this study. The femora were fractured in an apparatus designed to simulate a fall on the greater trochanter. Image sequences of the surface events related to the fractures were captured using two high-speed video cameras at 9111 Hz. The videos were analyzed with respect to time and load to determine the location and sequence of these events occurring in the proximal femur. The mean failure load was 4032 N (SD 370 N). The first surface events were identified in the superior femoral neck in eleven of the twelve specimens. Nine of these specimens fractured in a clear two-step process that initiated with a failure in the superior femoral neck, followed by a failure in the inferior femoral neck. This cadaveric model of hip fracture empirically confirms hypotheses that suggested that hip fractures initiate with a failure in the superior femoral neck where stresses are primarily compressive during a sideways fall impact, followed by a failure in the inferior neck where stresses are primarily tensile. Our results confirm the superolateral neck of the femur as an important region of interest for future hip fracture screening, prevention and treatment research.     

两种不同术式对老年股骨颈骨折治疗对比

目的:探讨全髋关节置换术与股骨头置换术治疗对比。方法:回顾性的分析对2007年1月-2008年12月年我院接收的70例60岁以上的老年股骨颈骨折的进行股骨头置换和全髋关节置换两组不同手术方式的临床资料。结果:两组股骨颈骨折治疗的手术时间、住院时间及术后并发症及治疗效果无明显统计学差异,两组术后半年到一年半的Harris评分较术前评分有显著的统计学意义。结论:人工股骨头置换术和髋关节置换是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的有效方法,可根据患者的自身情况、疾病特点等选择不同术式。     

全髋关节置换术与人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的:探讨全髋关节置换术与人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法:选择在我院的82例行手术置换治疗的老年股骨颈骨折患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组41例。观察组采用全髋关节置换术,而对照组实施人工股骨头置换术。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、血压、术后引流及髋关节功能等。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量及收缩压均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后引流量及并发症的发生率,两组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。观察组患者术后Harris评分为(93.25±4.51),对照组患者Harris评分为(82.76±3.82),观察组显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与人工股骨头置换术相比,全髋关节置换术用于治疗老年股骨颈骨折具有创伤小,恢复快的临床效果,患者术后髋关节功能恢复情况良好,值得在临床推广应用。     

全髋关节置换术与双极人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效

目的：探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）与双极人工股骨头置换术（BHA）治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法：选择2013 年7 月-2015 年3 月我院收治的老年股骨颈骨折患者90 例,根据手术方法不同将患者分为全髋关节置换组（THA 组）和双极人工股 骨头置换组（BHA 组）,每组45 例。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症的发生率及手术效果。结 果：两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;THA 组并发症的发生率明显低于BHA 组, 差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后1 年,两组手术优良率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后两年及三年,THA 组手术优良 率明显高于BHA 组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：THA和BHA 治疗老年股骨颈骨折均具有良好的临床疗效,但THA具 有更好的远期疗效,而且术后并发症的发生率较低。     

内固定术后股骨颈短缩的多因素分析及其对骨折的影响

目的:分析股骨颈短缩的发生率、对骨折愈合造成的影响以及造成颈短缩的影响因素。方法:选择在我院行闭合复位空心钉内固定术治疗并成功获得随访信息的老年股骨颈骨折患者106例作为研究对象。于术后1、3、6、12个月对患者进行门诊随访,记录患者的髋关节Harris评分、骨折愈合情况以及颈短缩的发生率,并将患者分为短缩组和无短缩组,对两组患者的骨折愈合率与髋关节Harris评分进行对比,并分析空心钉内固定术后颈短缩发生的危险因素。结果:短缩组43例,未短缩组63例。短缩组中骨折愈合率93.02%;未短缩组中骨折愈合率93.65%,两组骨折愈合率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。短缩组中术后髋关节Harris评分为(74.58±7.85)分;未短缩组中术后髋关节Harris评分为(85.69±11.34)分,短缩组Harris评分低于未短缩组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。颈短缩的发生与年龄、性别、骨折类型、骨密度值及骨折复位质量密切相关(P<0.05),与受伤至手术时间、置入方式、负重时间、住院时间无明显的相关性(P>0.05)。颈短缩的发生与骨密度值和骨折复位质量相关性最大,骨折类型与年龄次之,性别的相关性相对较小。结论:空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折并发颈短缩的发生率较高,颈短缩会影响髋关节的功能,但不影响骨折的愈合。骨密度、骨折复位质量、骨折类型、年龄以及性别是颈短缩的独立影响因素。     

全髋和半髋置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床对比分析

目的:探讨全髋和半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择本院收治的70例老年股骨颈骨折患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组各35例,观察组给予全髋关节置换术,对照组予以半髋关节置换术,对比两组所用手术时间、术中出血量、术后Harris评分及髋关节功能、术后并发症、疼痛率及翻修率。结果:观察组手术时间为(113.6±19.3)min,术中出血量为(432.1±32.7)ml,均显著高于对照组的(73.1±10.2)min、(201.3±30.1)m L,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组髋关节功能总优良率、Harris评分分别为91.43%,(91.13±5.09)分,显著优于对照组的77.14%、(80.15±4.71)分,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率及翻修率分别为20.00%、0.00%,低于对照组的22.85%、5.71%,但差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组疼痛率为5.71%,显著低于对照组的25.71%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:两种术式对股骨颈骨折的老年患者均能起到有效的治疗,均有各自的优缺点,对疼痛较为敏感和活动较多的老年患者而言,宜采用全髋关节置换术。     

快捷小切口与常规切口人工髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的对比观察

目的：通过观察我院老年股骨颈骨折患者临床治疗资料,对比分析采用快捷小切口与常规切口人工髋关节置换术该疾病的临床效果。方法：将我院2010年1月2013年1月期间收治的100例老年股骨颈骨折患者按照不同的切口方法随机分为A与B两组,分别进行快捷小切口与常规切口人工髋关节置换术治疗,对比分析使用两种方法下地活动用时间、术后引流量、切口长度、出血量情况以及治疗效果等。结果：两组患者经各自手术治疗后,临床症状均有改善,A组患者在下地活动用时间、术后引流量、切口长度、出血量情况等方面均优于B组,差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）,而在术后髋关节功能对比方面差异不显著。结论：采用快捷小切口人工髋关节置换手术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者,具有手术时间短、恢复快、创伤小、瘢痕不明显等多种优点,值得临床上推广与进一步研究。     

全髋关节置换术用于股骨颈骨折患者的临床疗效评价及对血清OPG、BGP、ALP、CRP、IL-6的影响

目的:分析全髋关节置换术用于股骨颈骨折患者的临床效果及对血清骨保护素(OPG)、骨钙素(BGP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的影响。方法:选择我院2014年3月~2016年3月收治的102例股骨颈骨折患者,按抽签法分为对照组与研究组,每组各51例。对照组采用半髋关节置换术治疗,研究组采用全髋关节置换术治疗。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后Harris评分、血清OPG、BGP、ALP、CRP、IL-6水平的变化及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组的优良率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组Harris评分、血清OPG、BGP、ALP、CRP、IL-6水平均较治疗前显著上升,且研究组Harris评分显著高于对照组(P0.05),而两组OPG、BGP、ALP、CRP、IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:全髋关节置换术用于股骨颈骨折的临床效果肯定,虽可引起血清OPG、BGP、ALP、CRP、IL-6水平上升,但未增加手术风险。     

螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术在股骨颈骨折分型及治疗中的应用

目的:探讨螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术在股骨颈骨折分型及治疗中的应用价值。方法:选择2010年5月~2013年5月期间我院收治的股骨颈骨折患者237例为研究对象,根据患者扫描检查方式的不同将其分为对照组(112例)和观察组(125例),对照组患者行髋关节X线正位扫描,观察组行髋关节正位64排螺旋CT扫描,两组均根据扫描结果进行分型并制定相应的治疗方案,比较两组患者骨折内固定手术后2年的股骨头坏死率及骨折不愈合率。结果:两组行骨折内固定手术比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后2年,对照组股骨头坏死5例(22.73%),骨不连6例(27.27%);观察组股骨头坏死1例(3.70%),骨不连1例(3.70%),观察组患者股骨头坏死率及骨折不愈合率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:螺旋CT扫描及三维重建成像能够全面、准确显示股骨颈骨折的损伤情况,有助于骨折的正确分型和治疗方法的选择,改善预后。     

人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效研究

目的:探究人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择40例高龄股骨粗隆间骨折患者并将其随机分为两组,观察组给予人工髋关节置换术治疗,对照组经股骨近端髓内钉内固定术治疗。观察比较两组L2-4椎体骨密度、疼痛程度、髋关节功能恢复情况及Harris评分。结果:治疗后,两组L2-4椎体骨密度均显著高于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组疼痛比例较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),且显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组髋关节恢复优良率为95.0%,显著高于对照组(70.0%,P0.05);两组Harris评分均显著高于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:采用人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效明显优于经股骨近端髓内钉内固定术治疗,其可有效促进髋关节功能恢复,减轻患者疼痛。     

Bilateral fractures of femoral neck in patients with moderate renal failure receiving fluoride for spinal osteoporosis.

Two patients with moderate renal failure sustained spontaneous bilateral hip fractures during treatment with fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D for osteoporosis. They had been taking sodium fluoride (40-60 mg/day) for 11 and 21 months, respectively. Histological examination of a specimen of the bone showed severe fluorosis in the first case, and quantitative analysis of bone showed osteomalacia and skeletal fluorosis in the other case. These abnormalities were considered to be the consequence of excessive retention of fluoride due to renal insufficiency. As bilateral femoral neck fractures are very rare these data suggest a causal link between fractures and fluoride in patients with renal failure. Thus fluoride should be given at a lower dosage, if at all, to patients with even mild renal failure.     

"F"型置钉与FNS固定术对成人创伤性Pauwels III型股骨颈骨折患者疗效、骨折愈合状况及髋关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨"F"型置钉与新型股骨颈内固定系统（FNS）固定术对成人创伤性Pauwels III型股骨颈骨折疗效、骨折愈合状况及髋关节功能的影响。方法：选取2019年1月-2021年12月我院收治的78例成人创伤性Pauwels III型股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组及研究组,各36例。对照组采用FNS进行治疗,观察组采用"F"型置钉内固定术进行治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗疗效、术后情况、骨折愈合情况、髋关节功能、骨折复位质量及并发症发生情况。结果：观察组治疗总有效率80.56%高于对照组52.78%（P<0.05）。观察组住院时间、下地行走时间及完全负重时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组骨折愈合状况优于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者Harris评分随时间发展而逐渐升高,且观察组术后1个月、术后3个月及术后6个月评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组骨折复位率77.78%高于对照组41.67%（P<0.05）。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论："F"型置钉及FNS固定术均可以治疗成人创伤性Pauwels III型股骨颈骨折患者,但"F"型置钉治疗疗效更好,并且力学稳定性能更好,术后并发症较少,利于患者术后恢复,值得在临床治疗中推广使用。     

Pathological fractures of the femoral neck

In a review of subcapital fractures due to metastases in the femoral neck it was found that in the majority of cases pain in the region of the hip developed a few days prior to fracture. While the majority of subcapital fractures are sustained as the result of a single incident of trauma, in cases with metastases trabecular stress fractures occur in increasing numbers until finally femoral neck fracture occurs. It would seem that once a critical number of trabecular stress fractures has been reached the patient develops pain. Immediate radiologic examination should be performed, and if there is evidence of bone destruction approaching 50% of the cortex, prophylactic hip pinning is strongly indicated.     

急诊闭合复位和切开复位空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效对比分析

目的:研究分析急诊闭合复位和切开复位空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法:选取2013年6月至2014年6月期间于我院接受治疗的92例急诊股骨颈骨折患者,将所有患者(按随机数字表法)均分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=46)。观察组患者采取切开复位空心钉治疗法进行治疗,对照组则采取闭合复位空心钉治疗法进行诊疗。比较两组患者术中术后情况、随访中髋关节功能Harris评分以及相关术后并发症情况。结果:观察组患者所需的手术时间、术中出血量、伤口长度明显多于对照组[(61.43±5.34)min、(30.54±4.27)m L、(6.43±0.56)cm比(46.54±3.26)min、(16.43±2.43)m L、(1.83±0.44)cm](P0.05)。观察组的髋关节功能Harris评分优良率显著高于对照组[82.61%(38/46)比50.00%(23/46)](P0.05)。两组患者的骨折不愈合率比较无显著性差异(P0.05),观察组的股骨头坏死率显著低于对照组[2.17%(1/46)比13.04%(6/46)](P0.05)。结论:应用切开复位空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折患者的方法更佳,其临床治疗效果更好且患者股骨头发生缺血坏死的几率也更低。     

骨膜游离移植修复犬股骨颈骨折

目的　探讨犬自体髂骨骨膜游离移植治疗股骨颈骨折的效果。方法　选用毕格犬 7只 ,共 14个髋关节 ,制成股骨颈骨折模型 ,骨折经螺钉固定后 ,取髂骨骨膜移植于骨折处。于术后 1个月和 3个月X线拍片并取髋关节标本观察。结果　术后 1个月 :X线见骨折线模糊 ;肉眼观察 :移植的骨膜与股骨颈生长在一起 ;镜下观察 :骨膜内毛细血管大量增生 ,大量类骨质及软骨细胞生成。术后 3个月 :X线见骨折愈合 ;肉眼观察 :骨膜移植处有大量骨组织生长 ,填满了骨折端 ;镜下 :骨膜内血管网非常丰富 ,大量骨细胞生成 ,新生骨小梁深入到股骨颈原有骨小梁中并与之融合。结论　犬自体髂骨骨膜游离移植可以成活和成骨 ,能重建股骨颈血运 ,促进骨折愈合。