四株冰川雪细菌产酶能力的初步研究

目的:从青藏高原冰川雪中筛选出一菌多酶的菌株.方法:对恢复出的4个细菌,通过平板透明法研究其产淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的特性.结果:LHG-C-9为惟一可以产淀粉酶的菌株,所产脂肪酶活性最高.4个菌株均不产蛋白酶.结论:LHG-C-9最适生长温度为15℃,属于耐冷菌.对该菌所产淀粉酶和脂肪酶的性质进行了初步研究,其随产淀粉酶的最适作用温度为50℃;最佳产酶pH值为7.0,该pH值所产酶活为83.9U/mL;在60℃的高温下温浴10min后酶活为0%.该菌株所产脂肪酶的最适作用温度为20℃;最佳产酶pH值为7.0,该pH值所产酶活为9.2U/mL;50℃温浴1h后酶活力不足34%.     

荧光假单孢菌Pseudomonas fluorescence 5963 产脂肪酶条件的优化

对荧光假单孢菌Pseudomonas fluorescence 5963产脂肪酶条件进行了筛选.该菌株的最适产酶条件如下(w/v)1%淀粉作为碳源;2%酵母抽提物作为氮源;0.03%Mg2SO4·7H2O;0.2%诱导物,水1 L;pH 7.0;培养温度为28℃.     

思茅松毛虫肠道产脂肪酶菌株的筛选鉴定及酶学性质初步研究

利用纯培养和筛选培养,从思茅松毛虫幼虫肠道中分离得到7株产脂肪酶的菌株.通过提取基因组DNA并进行16S rDNA序列测定,构建产酶菌株的系统发育树,初步鉴定结果显示:菌株D2、D12、D19属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),菌株D7、D17属于芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),菌株D9、D16属于克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.).初步研究所产脂肪酶的酶学性质,确定这些酶的最适作用温度30～40℃、最适作用pH值8.0～9.0,为中温碱性脂肪酶.     

类产碱假单胞菌耐热碱性脂肪酶的研究

从福建省福州市温泉澡堂污水浸润土壤中分离筛选到一株耐热碱性脂肪酶产生菌——类产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes)F331。产酶最适条件为:碳源小麦粉,氮源豆饼粉,起始培养pH9.4～9.5,培养温度24～26℃,培养周期32～34h。经硫酸铵盐析、Sepharose 4B和Sephadex G-200柱层析得到纯化的酶组分。该酶最适作用温度50℃,最适作用pH 10.0,60℃保温80min酶活基本不损失,在pH 7.0～10.0范围内酶蛋白稳定:Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)对酶有激活作用,Pb~(2+).Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)和Co~(2+)对酶活有抑制作用。该酶分子量45700。     

产脂肪酶菌株C7828-5的筛选、鉴定以及产酶条件的优化

以花生油为唯一碳源,从海口市各地被油脂污染土样中分离筛选出1株中温碱性脂肪酶菌株C7828-5。形态学、生理生化特征和分子生物学鉴定结果表明,该菌株为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。该菌所产脂肪酶的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为8.0。优化了菌株的产酶条件,最适产酶培养基(g/L)为:蔗糖5、牛肉膏20、(NH_4)_2SO_41、MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.5、CaCl_20.5,聚乙烯醇花生油乳化液120 mL,发酵72 h,获得高达8.08 U/mL的脂肪酶表达量。     

高产耐高温脂肪酶生产菌的筛选与鉴定

从小笼包蒸屉垫中筛选得到了两株脂肪酶高产菌株J2和J3,经形态观察以及26S rRNA基因(26S rDNA)序列比对鉴定,两株菌分别属于Aureobasidium属的两个变体。200 r/min、30℃下摇瓶发酵3-5 d后,以对硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯(p-NPP)作为底物,用分光光度法测得J2和J3发酵上清液中的脂肪酶酶活分别为10.61 U/m L和14.43 U/m L。对两株菌所产脂肪酶的耐热特性研究显示,菌株J2产脂肪酶的最适反应温度为50℃,并且酶液在50℃保温5 h无酶活损失;另一株菌J3所产脂肪酶的最适反应温度为60℃,酶液在50℃保温5 h后酶活剩余42.19%,在40℃保温5 h没有酶活损失。这表明J2和J3菌株所产脂肪酶具有较好的热稳定性和较高的最适反应温度。     

莱氏野村菌产几丁质酶条件及酶学性质研究

对莱氏野村菌(Nomuraea rileyi)菌株CQ031021产几丁质酶条件及酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明:该菌株最适产酶碳源为2.0%(W/V)葡萄糖,氮源为1.2%(W/V)复合氮源(蛋白胨、牛肉膏按1∶1的比例),接种量为孢悬液2mL(1×107个/mL),培养温度28℃,培养液初始pH6.0,培养时间6d;一定浓度的吐温-80对几丁质酶活性有促进作用,而SDS有抑制作用;粗酶液最适反应温度50℃,最适pH6.0,在40℃以下及pH5.5～6.5范围内酶活力较稳定。     

热稳定碱性脂肪酶产生菌的筛选及发酵条件的优化

从渤海湾盐碱地被油污染的土样中分离筛选出6株产热稳定碱性脂肪酶菌株。其中菌株1-7产脂肪酶能力较强,其最高酶活为8.67U/mL。根据其16S rDNA序列分析和Biolog生理生化分析,初步鉴定为醋酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)。初步酶学性质研究表明该菌所产脂肪酶具有较好的热稳定性,最适作用pH为9.0。摇瓶实验表明,该菌株最适产酶培养基为(g/L):玉米粉10,黄豆饼粉20,K_2HPO_4 1,NaNO_3 5,橄榄油10。最适产酶条件为:初始pH 8.0,培养温度37℃,培养时间29 h。接种量为2%,250 mL摇瓶装液量为30 mL。     

响应面法优化有机溶剂极端耐受性菌株Burkholderia sp．ZYB002产脂肪酶条件

Burkholderia sp．脂肪酶具有较高的有机溶剂耐受性和转酯活性,广泛应用于手性化合物的拆分。本研究利用统计学方法对一株具有有机溶剂极端耐受性的脂肪酶高产茵株Burkholderia sp．ZYB002在摇瓶培养条件下产脂肪酶条件进行了优化。通过单因素实验,首先确定了最适碳源、氮源、诱导荆等。以Plackett—Burrman设计筛选影响Burkholderia sp．ZYB002产酶的主要因素,通过最陡爬坡实验和响应面分析法确定产酶最适条件。K2HP04、大豆油乳化液和起始RH确定为影响菌株产酶的3个主效因素。最佳产酶条件为：糊精0．3％（W／V）,牛肉膏2．0％（W／V）,MgSO4．7H2O．075％（W／V）,K2HPO4 0．14％（W／V）,大豆油乳化液4．89％（V／V）,pH8．11,玻璃珠10颗／瓶,接种量2．0％（V／V）,30℃,250r／min,发酵时间22h。在此条件下,发酵液脂肪酶酶活最高达45．6U／mL,较发酵基本培养基发酵液的脂肪酶酶活提高了3．44倍。     

脂肪酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及其产酶条件优化

目的:寻找合适的产酶菌。方法:从富油土壤中分离到一株脂肪酶产生菌,并通过16S rRNA部分序列分析和系统发育分析将其鉴定为假单胞菌属,定名为:Pseudomonas sp.26-2。本研究进一步通过正交试验设计对该菌株的产脂肪酶条件进行了优化。结果:在摇瓶培养条件下,其最适产酶条件为:淀粉1.5%,酵母提取物3%,硫酸镁0.05%,K2HPO40.2%,橄榄油0.2%;反应起始pH值为7.0,发酵温度为30℃。在此条件下,发酵脂肪酶活力可达15.5U/ml。结论:所获得的假单胞菌26-2具有一定的脂肪酶生产能力,并为该菌株的菌种改良以及脂肪酶的高效基因工程菌的构建奠定了基础。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism