海洋放线菌Streptomyces sp.大片段DNA基因组文库的构建

目的:构建稀有海洋放线菌Streptomyces sp.基因组文库.方法:以稀有海洋放线菌Streptomyces sp.为实验材料,随机剪切提取的总DNA,5'-磷酸末端补平回收40kb左右的DNA片段,与pWEBTM载体连接,经包装蛋白包装成噬菌体后侵染宿主细胞E.coli EPI100,构建该菌株的基因组文库,并对该文库进行质量鉴定.结果:成功构建了稀有海洋放线菌Streptomyces sp.的基因组文库,效价达9.0×104CFU/mL,得到4000个阳性克隆子,远远大于按覆盖率为99%计算至少所需的837个阳性克降子数,且平均插入片段长度为36kb,重组率100%.阳性克隆子保存于96孔板中,-80℃保存.结论:所构建文库的各项指标均达到要求,为了进一步评估Streptomyces sp.所能合成的所有潜在天然产物,还需要进一步检测该文库中包含有生物合成基因簇的大肠杆菌的表达情况.     

对虾养殖水环境宏基因组Fosmid文库的构建

采用包埋法提取大片段基因组DNA,通过低熔点琼脂糖酶法回收40 kb左右的DNA,经补平磷酸化、与pCC2FOS载体连接、体外包装和转染EP1300-T1R,构建对虾养殖水环境Fosmid文库.对文库进行鉴定,该文库平均插入片段大小约35 kb,共保存8 000个克隆,包括了大概8×108个微生物细胞.用几丁质酶筛选平板对文库进行初步筛选,筛选到4个阳性克隆子.本试验构建Fosmid文库,初步获取了对虾养殖生态系统的微生物遗传信息,对于从虾池原位环境鉴定并筛选具有潜在益生作用的功能微生物意义重大.     

莱茵衣藻基因组文库的构建

以莱菌衣藻CC-849为材料,提取基因组DNA,利用BamHⅠ和BglⅡ对基因组DNA进行酶解,获得了可用于构建基因组文库的6-12 kb的基因组片段,并浓缩至200 ng/μL。该片段与λDNA载体连接,经噬菌体蛋白包装、侵染大肠杆菌XL1-blue后,获得了莱菌衣藻基因组文库。该文库的滴度为2.12×10~5 pfu/mL,共有转化子4.26×10~4个,插入片段的平均长度约为9kb,扩增后基因组文库滴度为9.5×10~6 pfu/mL。     

一种用于构建红色红曲霉基因组Cosmid文库的大片段DNA制备方法

摘要：【目的】制备用于构建红色红曲霉cosmid文库的大片段基因组DNA。【方法】采用优化的酚氯仿抽提法制备DNA,并利用Sau3AI切割至平均大小为40 kb,然后使用Stratagene包装蛋白构建cosmid文库。基于PCR法使用同源探针从该文库中进行了目的基因的筛选。【结果】制备了浓度为5 μg/μL,平均片段大小大于48 kb的红色红曲霉大片段基因组DNA。利用该DNA构建的cosmid文库基因组覆盖倍数为10,并筛选到了含有目的片段的cosmid。【结论】通过该方法制备红色红曲霉大片段基因组D     

稀有海洋放线菌Salinispora arenicola非核糖体肽合成酶和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区的克隆及序列分析

克隆稀有海洋放线菌Salinispora arenicola的非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区基因片段。根据已发表的放线菌NRPS和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区的核苷酸序列保守区设计两对简并性引物,采用PCR的方法扩增NRPS和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区基因片段,使用分子生物学软件进行序列分析。获得两段大小分别为662bp和557bp的基因片段,编码220个和185个氨基酸。这两段序列与海洋放线菌Salinispora arenicola CNS-205的NRPS和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区基因核苷酸序列的同源性分别为99%和98%。成功地获得了稀有海洋放线菌Salinispora arenicola的NRPS和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区基因片段,该基因片段的获取将为分离全长基因簇以及研究该基因簇在生物合成中的功能奠定基础。     

毛足棒角蝗基因组DNA文库的构建

纯化毛足棒角蝗 (Dasyhippusbarbipes)虫体组织的高分子量基因组DNA ,经限制性内切酶Sau3AI部分消化后 ,10 %～ 4 0 %蔗糖密度梯度离心分离 10～ 2 0kb的DNA片段。以λEMBL3为克隆载体 ,与 10～ 2 0kb的DNA片段进行连接和包装 ,构建了毛足棒角蝗的基因组DNA文库。经测定该文库的滴度是 2× 10 5pfu/mL ,根据计算 ,99%的毛足棒角蝗的基因包含在该基因组文库中。     

武夷菌素产生菌Fosmid文库的构建及文库探针的获得

以不吸水链霉菌武夷变种CK-15为材料,提取基因组DNA,经Sau 3A Ⅰ部分酶切后回收35-40 kb之间的片段,连接到pCC1FOS载体上,经过包装转染涂布后构建得到了CK-15基因组的Fosmid文库,文库的滴度为8.8×105CFU/mL.随机挑取16个阳性克隆,经EcoR Ⅰ和Hind Ⅲ双酶切电泳分析,样品插入片段平均长度大于35 kb,插入率为100%,符合构建文库的要求.根据多氧霉素、尼克霉素生物合成基因及大环内酯类聚酮合成酶基因(PKS)设计特异性引物,以基因组为模板进行PCR扩增,筛选特异性引物探针.结果用大环内酯类聚酮合成酶基因设计引物扩增出1 693 bp的片段经Blast比对其与大环内酯类抗生素生物合成基因相似性为95%以上.武夷菌素产生菌CK-15 Fosmid文库的构建及文库探针的获得,为武夷菌素生物合成基因的克隆奠定了基础.     

一种快速简便构建DNA病毒测序文库的方法

为了对1株中国棉铃虫核型多角体缺失病毒HZ-9进行基因组测序,采用了一种新的方法,通过超声波振断HaBacHZ9细菌人工染色体质粒（bacterial artificial chromosome plasmid,Bacmid）基因组DNA,用Taq酶在DNA片段两端加腺噤呤A,胶回收后得到预期的1—2kb的DNA片段,然后与pGEM-Teasy载体连接,构建了中国棉铃虫缺失病毒HaBacHZ9的亚克隆文库。结果随机挑选10个克隆子酶切分析,显示9个克隆子有1500bp左右的插入片断,并对HaBaeHZ9进行了全基因组测序。结论成功构建了HaBaeHZ9的DNA测序文库,为HZ-9功能基因组学研究奠定了基础,这是一种简单快速的构建DNA病毒测序文库的方法。     

以可转化人工染色体(TAC)载体为基础的百脉根基因组文库的构建及筛选

可转化人工染色体(transformation-competentartificial chromosome,TAC)载体是具有克隆和转移大片段DNA特征的新型载体,是植物基因克隆和转化的有效工具.该研究把它用于豆科植物百脉根(Lotus japonicus)基因组文库的构建.此文库由1.8×105个克隆组成,平均插入片段大小为15kb左右,约覆盖百脉根基因组6倍.文库保存在12块96孔板中,每个孔中约含150个不同的重组克隆.用与花发育相关的同源基因Ljcen1片段为探针,筛选得到6个阳性克隆,酶切后验证这些阳性克隆,结果表明这些克隆含有同一个基因片段.此基因组文库可直接用于植物转化,为百脉根功能基因组的研究打下基础.     

利用高效的大片段DNA回收方法改良Fosmid文库的构建

外源DNA插入片段为40 kb左右的Fosmid文库在基因组学研究中有广泛的应用,但长期以来,40 kb外源片段的分离与纯化依赖于传统的切胶并电洗脱至透析袋的方法,难以得到足够量的DNA片段,极大降低Fosmid文库构建的成功率。通过改进全自动核酸/蛋白质回收系统SageELF的操作流程,建立一种简单、便捷、高效地回收40 kb左右DNA片段的方法,并用其成功地构建高质量的Fosmid文库。从文库中随机挑选的25个单克隆,经过测序及酶切分析,发现该文库中插入的DNA片段大小为37.9±5.2 kb。以上结果表明,利用改良的操作方法回收40 kb基因组DNA,操作简捷、高效,片段大小精准;另外,用该DNA片段构建的Fosmid文库,插入片段比较集中,有利于后续的基因组学分析。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.