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1.
Sana Boughammoura Kaouthar Kessabi Lina Chouchene Imed Messaoudi 《Biological trace element research》2013,154(1):73-80
This study aims to investigate the influence of high temperature on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Aphanius fasciatus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae). For this reason, Cd, mineral, and organic content in the vertebral column as well as the histological structure of gills and bone were compared in fishes exposed for 30 days to Cd (2 mg/L CdCl2) and/or high temperature (26 °C). Cd exposure caused a negative correlation between Cd and Ca concentrations (r?=?0.98, p?<?0.05), as well as a significant decrease in inorganic components (p?<?0.05) and ash weight/dry weight ratio (p?<?0.05) in the vertebral column. These changes were accompanied by an increased frequency of histological alterations in gills and bone. Concomitant treatment with Cd and high temperature increases Cd accumulation and Ca depletion in the skeletal tissue and increases the frequency and the severity of histological alterations. These results confirm that temperature increases Cd toxicity and needs to be taken into account for the accurate prediction and assessment of Cd-induced spinal deformities in fish. 相似文献
2.
Eighteen metals were estimated in the scalp hair samples from cancer patients (n = 111) and normal donors (n = 113). Nitric acid–perchloric acid wet digestion procedure was used for the quantification of the selected metals by flame
atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In the scalp hair of cancer patients, highest average levels were found for Ca (861 μg/g),
followed by Na (672 μg/g), Zn (411 μg/g), Mg (348 μg/g), Fe (154 μg/g), Sr (129 μg/g), and K (116 μg/g), whereas in comparison,
the dominant metals in the scalp hair of normal donors were Ca (568 μg/g), Zn (177 μg/g), Mg (154 μg/g), Fe (110 μg/g), and
Na (103 μg/g). The concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn were notably higher in the
hair of cancer patients as compared with normal donors, which may lead to a number of physiological disorders. Strong positive
correlations were found in Mn–Pb (0.83), Cd–Cr (0.82), Cd–Li (0.57), Fe–Pb (0.56), and Fe–Mn (0.55) in the hair of cancer
patients whereas Na–Cd, Li–Cr, Li–Co, Co–Cd, Li–Cd, Na–Co, Na–Li, Ca–Mg and Na–Cr exhibited strong relationships (r > 0.50) in the hair of normal donors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the data revealed seven PCs, both for cancer
patients and normal donors, but with significantly different loadings. Cluster Analysis (CA) was also used to support the
PCA results. The study evidenced significantly different pattern of metal distribution in the hair of cancer patients in comparison
with normal donors. The role of trace metals in carcinogenesis was also discussed. 相似文献
3.
Evstaf’yeva E. V. Zalata O. A. Evstaf’yeva I. A. shchegoleva M. G. 《Neurophysiology》2011,43(3):258-260
In 10- to 16-year-old children, inhabitants of industrial towns of Ukraine, an X-ray fluorescence analysis of the content
of some chemical elements in hair samples allowed us to find a deficiency of Zn and Cu against the background of excesses
of Ca, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Cd. Comparison of the parameters of EEG frequency components and levels of Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co,
Cr, Mo, Ni, Sr, Pb, and Cd showed that there are significant correlations between the normalized values of spectral powers
of many frequency components of the ongoing EEG recorded in different functional states (eyes closed/open, solving an arithmetic
task, and phono-/photostimulation) and concentrations of ten of the above-mentioned trace elements. Comparative estimation
of the neurotropicity of the elements showed the following sequence of numbers of significant correlations (shown in parentheses)
from the total set of possible comparisons: Cd (35) > Ni (31) > Cr (19) > Sr (17) > Pb (16) > > Ca (10) > Cu (7) > Mo (3) > Zn
(2) > Fe (1). The intensity of correlations (values of the correlation coefficients) varied from 0.26 to 0.42 at 0.05 < P < 0.001; more frequently, such correlations were observed under conditions of EEG recording with the eyes closed (39) and
upon solving an arithmetic task (33). 相似文献
4.
Rahman A Azad MA Hossain I Qusar MM Bari W Begum F Huq SM Hasnat A 《Biological trace element research》2009,127(2):102-108
The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of trace elements present in scalp hair sample of schizophrenic
patients and to find out the relationship between trace elements level and nutritional status or socioeconomic factors. The
study was conducted among 30 schizophrenic male patients and 30 healthy male volunteers. Patients were recruited from Bangabandhu
Sheikh Mujib Medical University by random sampling. Hair trace element concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption
spectroscopy and analyzed by independent t test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mn, Zn, Ca, Cu, and Cd concentrations
of schizophrenic patients were 3.8 ± 2.31 μg/gm, 171.6 ± 59.04 μg/gm, 396.23 ± 157.83 μg/gm, 15.40 ± 5.68 μg/gm, and 1.14 ± 0.89 μg/gm
of hair sample, while those of control subjects were 4.4 ± 2.32 μg/gm, 199.16 ± 27.85 μg/gm, 620.9 ± 181.55 μg/gm, 12.23 ± 4.56 μg/gm,
and 0.47 ± 0.32 μg/gm of hair sample, respectively. The hair concentration of Zn and Ca decreased significantly (p = 0.024; p = 0.000, respectively) and the concentration of Cu and Cd increased significantly (p = 0.021; p = 0.000, respectively) in schizophrenic patients while the concentration of Mn (p = 0.321) remain unchanged. Socioeconomic data reveals that most of the patients were poor, middle-aged and divorced. Mean
body mass indices (BMIs) of the control group (22.26 ± 1.91 kg/m2) and the patient group (20.42 ± 3.16 kg/m2) were within the normal range (18.5−25.0 kg/m2). Pearson’s correlation analysis suggested that only Ca concentration of patients had a significant positive correlation
with the BMI (r = 0.597; p = 0.000) which was further justified from the regression analysis (R
2 = 44%; t = 3.59; p = 0.002) and one-way ANOVA test (F = 3.62; p = 0.015). A significant decrease in the hair concentration of Zn and Ca as well as a significant increase in the hair concentration
of Cu and Cd in schizophrenic patients than that of its control group was observed which may provide prognostic tool for the
diagnosis and treatment of this disease. However, further work with larger population is suggested to examine the exact correlation
between trace element level and the degree of disorder. 相似文献
5.
Heavy Metals in Eight Edible Fish Species from Two Polluted Tributaries (Aik and Palkhu) of the River Chenab,Pakistan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Concentration of heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu)) was determined in the liver, gills,
kidneys, and muscles of eight edible fish species (Channa punctata, Cirrhinus reba, Labeo rohita, Heteropneustes fossilis, Mystus cavasius, Oreochromis niloticus, Puntius sophore, and Wallago attu) from upstream and downstream zones of the Nullah Aik and Palkhu tributaries of the River Chenab located in the Sialkot district
known for its tanning industries worldwide. The pattern of metal accumulation in studied organs was in the order: Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd.
Liver showed greater metal accumulation, followed by gills, kidneys, and muscles. Accumulation of Pb and Cr was significantly
different in organs between upstream and downstream zones. Accumulation was greater in fish species dwelling downstream, indicating
impairment of ambient stream water due to untreated discharge of industrial and municipal effluents into studied streams.
Highest concentration of Pb and Cr and lowest of Cd was detected in H. fossilis whereas Cu showed higher concentration and Cr lowest concentration in P. sophore. In contrast, lower concentration of Pb and Cu was recorded in M. cavasius, O. niloticus, and W. attu. Mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Cu were higher in pre-monsoon compared to post-monsoon season. Measured concentrations
of Pb, Cd, and Cr in muscles of species such as C. punctata, W. attu, L. rohita, P. sophore, and O. niloticus were above permissible limits of heavy metals for human consumption, indicating potential health risks. Therefore, these
fish species from studied locations should be avoided for human diet. 相似文献
6.
Detoxification of cadmium in tobacco plants: formation and active excretion of crystals containing cadmium and calcium through trichomes 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), long and short trichomes can be distinguished morphologically. The established function of long trichomes is to exude
a sticky gum containing diterpenes, whereas that of short trichomes is not known. When tobacco seedlings were exposed to toxic
levels of cadmium (Cd), growth was retarded, but trichome number was increased up to 2-fold in comparison with untreated samples.
Observation by variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) indicated that large crystals of 150 μm in size were
formed on head cells of both short and long trichomes. An energy-dispersive X-ray analysis system fitted with VP-SEM revealed
the crystals to contain amounts of Cd and calcium (Ca) at much higher concentrations than in the head cells themselves. Transmission
electron microscopy demonstrated crystal formation in amorphous osmiophilic deposits in vacuoles. When seedlings were treated
with Cd in the presence of Ca, tolerance was increased in proportion to the increase in Ca concentration. These results indicate
that tobacco plants actively exclude toxic Cd by forming and excreting Cd/Ca-containing crystals through the head cells of
trichomes.
Received: 26 June 2000 / Accepted: 20 September 2000 相似文献
7.
Atmospheric changes could strongly influence how terrestrial ecosystems function by altering nutrient cycling. We examined
how the dynamics of nutrient release from leaf litter responded to two important atmospheric changes: rising atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3. We evaluated the independent and combined effects of these gases on foliar litter nutrient dynamics in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) and birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh)/aspen communities at the Aspen FACE Project in Rhinelander, WI. Naturally senesced leaf litter was incubated in litter
bags in the field for 735 days. Decomposing litter was sampled six times during incubation and was analyzed for carbon, and
both macro (N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg) and micro (Mn, B, Zn and Cu) nutrient concentrations. Elevated CO2 significantly decreased the initial litter concentrations of N (−10.7%) and B (−14.4%), and increased the concentrations
of K (+23.7%) and P (+19.7%), with no change in the other elements. Elevated O3 significantly decreased the initial litter concentrations of P (−11.2%), S (−8.1%), Ca (−12.1%), and Zn (−19.5%), with no
change in the other elements. Pairing concentration data with litterfall data, we estimated that elevated CO2 significantly increased the fluxes to soil of all nutrients: N (+12.5%), P (+61.0%), K (+67.1%), S (+28.0%), and Mg (+40.7%),
Ca (+44.0%), Cu (+38.9%), Mn (+62.8%), and Zn (+33.1%). Elevated O3 had the opposite effect: N (−22.4%), P (−25.4%), K (−27.2%), S (−23.6%), Ca (−27.6%), Mg (−21.7%), B (−16.2%), Cu (−20.8%),
and Zn (−31.6%). The relative release rates of the nine elements during the incubation was: K ≥ P ≥ mass ≥ Mg ≥ B ≥ Ca ≥ S ≥ N ≥ Mn ≥ Cu ≥ Zn.
Atmospheric changes had little effect on nutrient release rates, except for decreasing Ca and B release under elevated CO2 and decreasing N and Ca release under elevated O3. We conclude that elevated CO2 and elevated O3 will alter nutrient cycling more through effects on litter production, rather than litter nutrient concentrations or release
rates. 相似文献
8.
Takaomi Arai Aya Kotake Tomoya Aoyama Hirofumi Hayano Nobuyuki Miyazaki 《Ichthyological Research》2002,49(4):380-383
The migratory history of the brown trout, Salmo trutta, collected from Japanese rivers, was examined in terms of strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) uptake in the otolith, by means
of wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry on an electron microprobe. Sea-run (anadromous) and freshwater-resident (nonanadromous)
types of S. trutta were found to occur sympatrically. Otolith Sr concentration or Sr : Ca ratios of anadromous S. trutta fluctuated strongly along the life history transect in accordance with the migration (habitat) pattern from sea to freshwater.
In contrast, the Sr concentration or the Sr : Ca ratios of nonanadromous fish remained at consistently low levels throughout
the otolith. The higher ratios in anadromous S. trutta, in the otolith region from the core to 1500 μm, corresponded to the initial seagoing period, probably reflecting the ambient
salinity or the seawater–freshwater gradient in Sr concentration. The findings clearly indicated that otolith Sr : Ca ratios
reflected individual life histories, enabling the sea-run S. trutta to be distinguished from the freshwater-resident brown trout.
Received: March 18, 2002 / Revised: May 15, 2002 / Accepted: June 5, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Messrs. T. Ikeda, S. Kudo, Y. Miyakoshi, M. Nagata, K. Shimoda, T. Takami, K. Takeuchi, and M.
Ueda for their assistance in collecting specimens. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid No. 13760138 from the Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
Correspondence to:Takaomi Arai 相似文献
9.
The present study was carried out to assess the impact of wastewater on parsley (Petroselinum crispum). The parameters determined for soil were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter (SOM), nutrient elements
(Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe), and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb), while the parameters determined for the plant
included pigment content, dry matter, nutrient element, and heavy metals. SOM, EC, and clay contents were higher, and pH was
slightly acidic in soil treated with wastewater compared to control soil. The enrichment factors (EF) of the nutrient elements
in contaminated soil are in the sequence of Na (2) > Ca (1.32) > Mn = Mg (1.17) > Cu (1.11) > Zn (1.08) > Fe (1.07) > K (0.93),
while EF in parsley are Na (6.63) > Ca (1.60) > Mg (1.34) > Zn (1.15) > Fe (0.95) > Cu = K (0.90) > Mn (0.85). Application
of wastewater significantly decreased dry matter, while photosynthetic pigment content increased in parsley. The enrichment
of the heavy metals is in the sequence: Cd (1.142) > Pb (1.131) > Ni (1.112) > Cr (1.095). P. crispum shows a high transfer factor (TF > 1) for Cd signifying a high mobility of Cd from soil to plant. Thus, although the wastewater
irrigation in parsley production aims to produce socioeconomic benefits, study results indicated that municipal wastewater
is not suitable for irrigation of parsley because it has negative effects on plant and causes heavy metal accumulation. 相似文献
10.
The life history in a brackish water type of the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, was studied by examining the strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in the otoliths. The fluctuating patterns of
Sr/Ca ratios along the life history transect in the otoliths varied widely among fish in spite of their identification as
brackish water type as estimated by morphological characteristics. More than 70% fish showed the intermediate otolith Sr/Ca
ratio throughout, averaging 5.23–7.71 × 10−3. Besides this brackish water resident life history type of P. pungitius, other sticklebacks had anadromous (25%) and freshwater amphidromous (2.5%) life history types. These findings clearly indicate
that the migration of the ninespine stickleback between fresh and sea waters is obligatory but facultative having an ability
to utilize the full range of salinity in its life history. 相似文献
11.
Benjamin J. Clemens Matthew G. Mesa Robert J. Magie Douglas A. Young Carl B. Schreck 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2012,93(2):245-254
We describe the migration distances and timing of the adult Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus, in the Willamette River Basin (Oregon, U.S.A.). We conducted aerial surveys to track radio-tagged fish upstream of a major
waterfall and hydropower complex en route to spawning areas. We detected 24 out of the 43 fish that passed the waterfall-hydropower
complex. Of the detected fish, 17 were detected multiple times. Their maximum migration distance upstream in the mainstem
Willamette approximated a normal distribution. The maximum distance migrated upstream did not significantly correlate with
total body length (r = −0.186, P = 0.385) or date that the fish passed Willamette Falls (r = −0.118, P = 0.582). Fish migrated primarily during the spring to early summer period before stopping during the summer, when peak river
temperatures (≥20°C). However, at least three fish continued to migrate upstream after September. Behavior ranged from relatively
slow migration, followed by holding; to rapid migration, followed by slow migration further up in the basin. This study provides
a basis for informing more detailed research on Pacific lamprey in the future. 相似文献
12.
Bing Chen Ludwig V. Lamberts Geert J. Behets Tingting Zhao Mingxiang Zhou Gang Liu Xianghua Hou Guangju Guan Patrick C. D’Haese 《Biological trace element research》2009,131(1):1-12
Whole blood and serum samples of Chinese stable chronic renal failure (CRF) patients (n = 81), hemodialysis patients (n = 135), posttransplant patients (n = 60), and subjects with normal renal function (NRF; N = 42) were collected, as well as water and dialysate samples from five dialysis centers. The concentration of selenium (Se),
lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean serum Se levels in patients with different
degrees of renal failure were significantly lower than those of subjects with NRF (p < 0.01). Pb levels were not increased in renal failure patients, while the Cd levels in patients with various degrees of
renal failure were higher than in subjects with NRF (p < 0.05). After correcting the results of Pb and Cd for hematocrit (Hct) however, Pb levels of dialysis patients were also
increased. In the dialysis population under study, blood Pb and Cd levels were closely related to the time on dialysis, while
contamination of the final dialysate may also contribute to the increased blood Cd and to a less extent Pb levels. Correction
for Hct may be recommended to accurately compare blood Pb and Cd levels in dialysis patients and CRF patients with varying
degrees of anemia to those of subjects with NRF. 相似文献
13.
Azam Sadat Hosseini Alhashemi Abdolreza R. Karbassi Bahram Hassanzadeh Kiabi Seyed Masoud Monavari Seyed Mohammad Bagher Nabavi Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):500-516
Present study investigates relationships between total and bioaccessibility of trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, NI, Pb,
V, and Zn) concentrations in sediment and their bioaccumulation in species in Shadegan wetland in southwest of Iran. Bioavailability
factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated in plants and trophic transfer factor (TTF) was determined in bird
species. For this purpose, sampling of sediments, aquatic plants including Phragmites australis, Typha australis, Scripus maritimus and two bird species encircling Porphyrio porphyrio and globally threatened Marmaronetta angustirostris were carried out during winter 2009. Result of chemical analysis show that bioaccessibility concentrations of Mn (8.31 mg/kg),
V (1.33 mg/kg), and Pb (1.03 mg/kg) are higher than other metals. The uptake trend of trace elements in plant decreases as
root > stem > leaf. Accumulation levels of trace elements in different tissues of P. porphyrio and M. angustirostris are almost identical and considerable. Accumulation and toxicity of Cd in birds is more than plants. In addition, BAF of
V, Pb, and Cr indicates high accumulation by plants and great pollution rate in the area of study. In S. maritimus TF for Mn, Cu, Pb, and V are high whereas in T. australis, Cu and Pb posses the highest TF. Also Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, and Zn have higher TF from stem to leaf than root to stem in P. australis. Finally, TTFs were compared in various bird species. 相似文献
14.
Zhang X Fei Y Zhang M Wei D Li M Ding W Yang J 《Biological trace element research》2008,121(3):233-242
Insulin plays an important role in bone prevention of diabetic osteoporosis, but little is known about the relation between
the bone mineral density (BMD) increase and the change of mineral element content after treated with insulin. To address this
problem, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group (n = 6), streptozotocin-induced diabetic group (n = 5), and streptozotocin-induced diabetic group with insulin treatment (n = 5). The femoral BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the element content was determined by inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results showed that the femoral BMD in diabetic group was significantly
lower than that in normal group (P < 0.01) but restored by insulin treatment (P < 0.01 vs diabetic group). ICP-AES analysis revealed that the element content of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), magnesium
(Mg), strontium (Sr), and potassium (K) in diabetic group were remarkably lower than those in normal group (P < 0.01) but only Ca, P, and Mg content were significantly increased compared with diabetic group (P < 0.05) after insulin treatment. However, no significant differences were observed in element zinc (Zn) content among three
groups. Our findings suggested that the loss of Ca, P, Mg, Sr, and K content accounted for the lower BMD in streptozotocin-induced
diabetes rats, insulin treatment could restore BMD by increasing the content of Ca, P, and Mg. 相似文献
15.
Both growth and migratory history of the Pacific Ocean forms of the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus collected in Otsuchi Bay, northeastern Japan, were examined using otolith microstructure and analysis of strontium (Sr) and
calcium (Ca) concentrations with wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry by an electron microprobe. Age of the juveniles
(21.6–25.9 mm in total length) examined ranged from 101 to 128 days (115 ± 8.5 days; mean ± SD), hatching being estimated
as having occurred between March and April 2001. The Sr : Ca ratios in the otoliths changed with both ontogenic development
and salinity of the habitat. The otolith Sr : Ca ratios increased gradually from 4.1 × 10−3 around the core to 7.5 × 10−3 around the edge of the otolith. The fluctuation pattern of otolith Sr : Ca ratios was different from those observed in both
freshwater resident and anadromous forms in previous studies. These results suggested that the fish sampled spend their lives
in the estuarine and sea environment without freshwater life after hatching.
Received: June 5, 2002 / Revised: September 11, 2002 / Accepted: September 24, 2002
Acknowledgments We thank Mr. K. Morita and crews of the Otsuchi Marine Research Center, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
for their assistance in collecting specimens. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid No. 13760138 from the Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
Correspondence to:Takaomi Arai 相似文献
16.
Carlos Velasco-Reynold Miguel Navarro-Alarcon Herminia Lopez-Ga de la Serrana Vidal Perez-Valero Ahmad Agil Maria C. Lopez-Martinez 《Biological trace element research》2010,133(3):313-324
Total and dialysable magnesium and calcium levels and corresponding dialysabilities were measured in duplicate meals (n = 108) during 36 consecutive days. The interaction exerted by other nutrients and energy on them was also performed. Total
mean magnesium and calcium fractions of 113.9 ± 98.3 and 337.2 ± 278.9 mg/meal respectively, were found. The Mg and Ca levels
supplied by meals are positively (p < 0.05) correlated with macronutrient contents (carbohydrates and proteins). The mean dialysable Mg and Ca fractions were
56.9 ± 36.3 and 127.4 ± 112.3 mg/meal (50.4 ± 13.2 and 37.8 ± 10.7% as dialysabilities, respectively). Total Mg and Ca levels
are significantly correlated with corresponding element dialysabilities (p < 0.05). For both minerals, significant correlations between their total and dialysable fractions and between their dialysable
level and dialysabilities were noted (p < 0.01). The mean Mg and Ca daily dietary intakes (DDI) were 341.7 ± 68.0 and 1,011.6 ± 424.4 mg/day, respectively. For Ca
and Mg the existence of similarities in their behaviour in meals and absorptive processes has been found. Duplicate meals
with raw vegetables are good sources of bioaccessible Mg. High Ca dialysability has been found in the analysed meals. The
fish and products constitute a good source of bioaccessible Ca. Mg, Ca, zinc, and chromium levels enhanced significantly the
Mg dialysability. The Ca dialysability rose significantly with dialysable Ca and chromium fractions (p < 0.05). 相似文献
17.
Huang L Yu X Zhang J Liu X Zhang Y Jiao X Yu X 《Biological trace element research》2012,146(2):154-159
Wilson disease is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder causing copper accumulation and consequent toxicity. d-Penicillamine, a potent metal chelator, is an important therapy for Wilson disease. To investigate the changes of metal elements
under the treatment of d-penicillamine, we determined the levels of Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca, Fe, Se, Mn, Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Tl, and Al by ICP-MS in 24-h urine
of 115 Wilson disease patients who had received treatment with d-penicillamine for 1 month to 22 years at maintenance doses, as well as 115 age-matched, healthy controls. The levels of Cu,
Mg, Ca, Zn, Hg, Pb, Tl, Cd, and Mn in the 24-h urine of the cases were significantly higher than those of the controls (P < 0.05), and the observed increases in the levels of Mg, Ca, and Zn were directly correlated with the treatment duration
with Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R) of 0.356 (Mg), 0.329 (Ca), and 0.313 (Zn), respectively (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the levels of Al and As in the 24-h urine were lower than those of the controls (P < 0.05) and were negatively correlated with the treatment time with R of −0.337 (Al) and −0.398 (As), respectively, (P < 0.05). Thus, this study indicates that the levels of metal elements may be altered in patients with Wilson disease under
the treatment of d-penicillamine. 相似文献
18.
The migratory history of two highly divergent forms (the Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean forms) of the threespine stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus collected from Japanese brackish water (seawater) and freshwater was studied by examining strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca)
concentrations in their otoliths using wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry on an electron microprobe. The Sr : Ca ratios
in the otoliths changed with salinity of the habitat. The otolith Sr : Ca ratios of the freshwater resident-type samples of
the Pacific Ocean form showed consistently low Sr : Ca ratios, averaging 0.85–0.96 × 10−3 from the core to the edge. In contrast, the otolith Sr : Ca ratios of the anadromous type of both the Japan Sea and Pacific
Ocean forms fluctuated strongly along the life history transects in accordance with their migration patterns from seawater
to freshwater. The higher ratios in the anadromous type, averaging 5.4 × 10−3, in the otolith region from the core to 200 μm, corresponded to the seagoing period, suggesting that otolith Sr : Ca ratios
are affected by ambient water salinity. These findings clearly indicate that otolith Sr : Ca ratios reflect individual life
histories, and that these two highly divergent forms of stickleback have a flexible migration strategy.
Received: May 23, 2002 / Revised: July 29, 2002 / Accepted: August 19, 2002
Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. S. Mori of Gifu Keizai University, and Miss M. Yamada and Messrs. M. Kume and T. Kitamura of Hokkaido
University, for their assistance in sampling. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid No. 13760138 from the Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
Correspondence to:Takaomi Arai 相似文献
19.
Diversity and quantity of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in sediment of the Pearl River Estuary, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jin T Zhang T Ye L Lee OO Wong YH Qian PY 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,90(3):1137-1145
The diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the sediment of the
Pearl River Estuary were investigated by cloning and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). From one sediment
sample S16, 36 AOA OTUs (3% cutoff) were obtained from three clone libraries constructed using three primer sets for amoA gene. Among the 36 OTUs, six were shared by all three clone libraries, two appeared in two clone libraries, and the other
28 were only recovered in one of the libraries. For AOB, only seven OTUs (based on 16S rRNA gene) and eight OTUs (based on
amoA gene) were obtained, showing lower diversity than AOA. The qPCR results revealed that AOA amoA gene copy numbers ranged from 9.6 × 106 to 5.1 × 107 copies per gram of sediment and AOB amoA gene ranged from 9.5 × 104 to 6.2 × 105 copies per gram of sediment, indicating that the dominant ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the sediment of the Pearl River
Estuary were AOA. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism results showed that the relative abundance of AOB
species in the sediment samples of different salinity were significantly different, indicating that salinity might be a key
factor shaping the AOB community composition. 相似文献
20.
Several growth hypotheses have been tested to investigate why males of the sequential hermaphrodite, Mediterranean rainbow
wrasse, Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758), are relatively larger than females of the same age. Individual growth trajectories were estimated to test
these hypotheses. A good linear relationship between otolith size and body size was observed (r
2
= 0.71, n = 609), thus, past somatic growth of any specific fish can be inferred from the longitudinal data described by the width
of annual increments in the otolith. These data were successfully analyzed by a non-linear mixed-effect model (von Bertalanffy
growth model) using a Bayesian approach. The results obtained suggest that Mediterranean rainbow wrasse secondary males are
relatively larger than females because 1) fish that change sex are already the larger individuals in their age group (specifically
those with higher growth rate, k
secondary males
= 0.199 and k
females
= 0.161) and 2) they experience a growth spurt after sex change. The differences in growth observed in this species and in
other protogynous hermaphrodites could be related to differences in social organization, which, in turn, are related to differences
in the sex change mechanisms. 相似文献