人组氨酸磷酸酶蛋白PHPT1的细胞定位及其对细胞层状伪足形成的影响

目的:获取人组氨酸磷酸酶蛋白PHPT1基因,并构建其C端GFP融合的真核表达载体,通过瞬时转染观察融合蛋白在细胞内的表达和定位,并研究其定位与细胞层状伪足形成的关系。方法:以人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa cDNA为模板,PCR扩增PHPT1的全长编码基因,克隆到pEGFPN2载体中,构建pEGFP-N2-PHPT1真核表达载体,利用脂质体将构建的载体转染到HeLa细胞中,用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察C端GFP连接的PHPT1的细胞定位,并进一步探讨其定位与细胞层状伪足形成的关系。结果:成功构建了PHPT1的GFP融合表达载体pEGFP-N2-PHPT1,并在He La细胞中检测到了融合蛋白的表达,发现其定位与细胞层状伪足的形成密切相关,并可直接影响细胞的运动能力。结论:GFP融合形式表达的PHPT1蛋白在细胞质和细胞核中均有表达,并且定位于细胞层状伪足的前沿,影响细胞层状伪足的形成,从而影响细胞运动。     

siRNA抑制c-myc基因的表达对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响

目的:利用siRNA(small interference RNA)技术研究c-myc基因的对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖的影响.方法:依据Promega公司在网上提供的设计软件,设计针对c-myc基因的siRNA,合成DNA模板,体外转录合成siRNA.通过阳离子聚合物jet-SITM-ENDO将合成的siRNA转染入HeLa细胞,以未转染细胞以及错义序列siRNA-scr转染细胞为对照.用细胞计数法检测siRNA对HeLa细胞增殖的影响.流式细胞法检测细胞周期及蛋白表达的变化,RT-PCR法比较转染前后c-myc mRNA表达水平的变化.结果:细胞计数法结果显示,转染24h后c-myc基因siRNA明显抑制MCF-7细胞增殖,转染48h后,抑制效率稳定.c-myc基因siRNA转染后能有效地抑制HeLa细胞的增殖,阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期,siRNA转染组c-myc mRNA、蛋白的表达量明显低于空白对照组、错义序列组.结论:体外转录合成的siRNA可有效降低HeLa细胞c-myc基因的表达,抑制细胞增殖.     

M-CSF上调cyclinD1/D3和CDK2/6的表达促进HeLa细胞增殖

非分泌型巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)的表达在肿瘤的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用,为探讨胞质M-CSF对细胞增殖的影响,采用基因重组技术构建胞内稳定表达M-CSF的HeLa细胞系,以空载体(pCMV/myc/cyto)转染HeLa细胞和未转染HeLa细胞作为对照,MTT法及反义寡核苷酸抑制实验分析M-CSF对细胞增殖的影响,并计算细胞倍增时间,RT-PCR观察胞内M-CSF对G1期细胞周期相关蛋白的影响．结果显示,与对照组比较,转染M-CSF的HeLa细胞倍增时间明显缩短、增殖能力显著增强,M-CSF的特异性反义寡核苷酸能抑制转染M-CSF的HeLa细胞的增殖,且抑制率随着反义寡核苷酸浓度的增高而增强,转染M-CSF 的HeLa细胞的cyclinD1/D3和CDK2/6 mRNA表达显著升高(P < 0.05)．提示：M-CSF可上调cyclinD1/D3和CDK2/6的mRNA表达,促进HeLa细胞的增殖．     

靶向XBP1S的RNA干扰质粒对细胞增殖的影响

目的 构建靶向人XBP1S的siRNA真核表达载体（pSUPER-XBP1S）并观察其对人HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞增殖能力的影响.方法 设计并合成针对XBP1S基因的siRNA,退火成互补双链后克隆至真核表达载体pSUPER构建重组质粒,并将其转染入HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞中.采用RT-PCR检测转染前后XBP1S在HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞中的转录,Western印迹检测转染前后XBP1S蛋白的表达;MTT法、细胞计数检测重组质粒对HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞增殖能力的影响.结果 重组质粒能有效地抑制HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞中XBP1S基因的转录和表达;转染HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞后,细胞增殖抑制率及细胞增殖数与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 成功构建了靶向人XBP1S的siRNA表达载体pSUPER-XBP1S,并且有效的抑制了HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞中XBP1S的转录和表达,有效抑制了细胞的增殖能力.     

趋化因子CXCL5对宫颈癌HeLa细胞恶性表型的影响及机制

目的研究趋化因子CXCL5对宫颈癌HeLa细胞恶性表型的影响及其机制。方法通过基因转染构建过表达趋化因子CXCL5的宫颈癌HeLa细胞株,研究过表达CXCL5对宫颈癌HeLa细胞恶性行为和肿瘤相关基因表达的影响。结果 CCK-8、集落形成和划痕实验结果显示,过表达CXCL5可明显促进HeLa细胞的增殖和迁移能力;Western Blot实验结果表明,与空载体转染细胞株相比较,CXCL5过表达HeLa细胞株的ERK和p-ERK蛋白表达水平显著提高。结论趋化因子CXCL5通过ERK信号通路经自分泌途径促进宫颈癌细胞的增殖与迁移。     

siRNA抑制c—myc基因的表达对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：利用siRNA（small interference RNA）技术研究C-myc基因的对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖的影响。方法：依据Promega公司在网上提供的设计软件,设计针对C-myc基因的siRNA,合成DNA模板,体外转录合成siRNA。通过阳离子聚合物jet—SITM—ENDO将合成的siRNA转染入HeLa细胞,以未转染细胞以及错义序列siRNA—scr转染细胞为对照。用细胞计数法检测siRNA对HeLa细胞增殖的影响。流式细胞法检测细胞周期及蛋白表达的变化,RT—PCR法比较转染前后C-myc mRNA表达水平的变化。结果：细胞计数法结果显示,转染24h后c-myc基因siRNA明显抑制MCF-7细胞增殖,转染48h后,抑制效率稳定。c-myc基因siRNA转染后能有效地抑制HeLa细胞的增殖,阻滞细胞周期于G0／G1期,siRNA转染组c-myc mRNA、蛋白的表达量明显低于空白对照组、错义序列组。结论：体外转录合成的siRNA可有效降低HeLa细胞c-myc基因的表达,抑制细胞增殖。     

过表达小鼠UNCV蛋白质对HeLa细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究小鼠UNCV蛋白质对HeLa细胞凋亡的影响。方法将BALB/c小鼠Uncv基因重组质粒转染HeLa细胞,筛选出稳定过表达UNCV蛋白质的HeLa细胞株。通过细胞计数法和流式细胞术,检测过表达UNCV蛋白质对血清饥饿和阿霉素诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡的影响。结果获得稳定正确过表达UNCV蛋白质的HeLa细胞株。细胞计数和流式细胞术结果显示过表达UNCV蛋白质对血清饥饿诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡有抑制作用,对于阿霉素诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡没有显著影响。结论过表达UNCV蛋白质对血清饥饿诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡有抑制作用。     

人脆性组氨酸三联体（FHIT）基因的克隆及在HeLa细胞中表达的研究

目的：构建人脆性组氨酸三联体（fragile histidine triad gene,fhit）基因与报告基因egfp的双顺反子表达载体及融合表达载体,研究fhit基因过表达对HeLa细胞生长及凋亡的影响。方法：根据已知fhit基因的mRNA序列,RT-PCR得到493bp的cDNA序列,将其构建到pMD18-T中,筛选目的片段插入正确的重组质粒,经限制性内切酶切割,回收目的片段分别插入双顺反子表达载体pIRES2-EGFP和融合表达载体pEGFP-C1的多克隆位点中。再以脂质体介导转染HeLa细胞,G418筛选稳定转染的克隆,分别通过基因组PCR、RT-PCR、免疫细胞化学及TUNEL法在DNA、RNA和蛋白质水平检测其表达情况。结果：转基因细胞基因组PCR获得493bp片段,证明目的基因已整合到细胞基因组中;RT-PCR检测其在RNA水平得到表达;免疫细胞化学及TUNEL法分析表明fhit基因在HeLa细胞内实现了稳定遗传与表达。结论：实验证明fhit基因过表达可有效促进HeLa细胞的凋亡。     

肿瘤特异表达的MDR1 Ribozyme选择性逆转耐药人肺腺癌的耐药性

利用CEA只在肺腺癌中表达, 而不在正常肺组织表达的特点,构建了由CEA启动子调控的MDRl Ribozyme基因的逆转病毒载体(pCEAMR),将pCEAMR导入表达CEA的耐药人肺腺癌细胞系GAOK和不表达CEA的HeLa细胞,在体内外观察了pCEAMR的表达情况及转染细胞对药物的敏感性变化.结果表明pCEAMR 只在表达CEA的GAOK细胞中特异表达,而不在HeLa细胞表达;转染的GAOK细胞对阿霉素(DOX)的耐药性比未转染细胞降低了91.5%,而转染的HeLa细胞对DOX的耐药性与未转染细胞相比没有明显变化;在裸鼠体内DOX也可以明显抑制GAPL转染细胞的生长,对HeLa转染细胞的生长没有明显影响.这提示由CEA启动子调控的MDR1 Ribozyme逆转病毒载体只在表达CEA的人肺腺癌内特异表达,并选择性逆转其耐药性.     

siRNA沉默HPV18-E7基因表达对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡和增殖的影响

研究小干扰RNA(siRNA)沉默18型人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus 18,HPV18)E7基因对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡和增殖的影响。培养人宫颈癌HeLa细胞株,构建靶向E7基因的两条siRNA,转染HeLa细胞株(实验组:分为siE7-1组和siE7-2组),以不做任何处理的HeLa细胞作为空白对照组(NC),转染无功能siRNA的HeLa细胞作为阴性对照组(Scramble,SCR)。转染48h后,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测转染E7siRNA后HeLa细胞mRNA含量变化;采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测E7蛋白表达量变化;流式细胞术Flow cytometry(FCM)检测HeLa细胞凋亡情况;克隆形成和CCK-8检测HeLa细胞生长增殖情况。与NC组相比,siE7-1组和siE7-2组E7基因mRNA表达明显下调,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);转染48h后,与NC组相比,siE7-1和siE7-2实验组HeLa细胞内HPV18-E7蛋白表达水平明显下降(P0.05);转染48h后,siE7-1组和siE7-2组的细胞凋亡率分别为17.78%和36.44%,与NC组相比明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),细胞凋亡结果提示siRNA沉默E7促进HeLa细胞凋亡;CCK-8实验结果显示siE7-1组和siE7-2组细胞生长增殖抑制,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);克隆形成实验结果与CCK-8实验结果一致,siE7-1组和siE7-2组HeLa细胞形成的克隆数明显少于NC组,细胞生长增殖抑制(P0.01)。研究结果表明,沉默E7基因促进人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡,抑制增殖,为宫颈癌治疗提供潜在靶点。     

大肠杆菌侵袭基因缺失突变株与人脑微血管内皮细胞的相互作用

ibeA,ibeB,ibeC是与大肠杆菌侵袭人脑微血管内皮细胞(HBMEC)密切相关的基因,但迄今各基因的功能并不清楚。应用侵袭分析和免疫荧光技术分析了各基因的缺失突变型及野生型大肠杆菌对HBMEC的侵袭、细胞骨架与细胞间紧密连接的影响。结果显示：野生型菌大肠杆菌侵袭率为3.46％,而ibeA,ibeB,ibeC缺失突变株分别为0.54％、0．82％和0.73％：ibeA缺失突变型与野生型大肠杆菌作用相似,可引起HBMEC的细胞骨架蛋白分布改变,在细胞膜处呈明显的聚集,而ibeB和ibeC缺失突变株并未引起细胞骨架的明显改变;野生型和ibeA缺失突变型大肠杆菌可引起紧密连接结构的明显改变,而ibeB和ibeC缺失突变株对紧密连接结构的影响不明显。这些观察到的结果提示：ibeB和ibeC基因产物可能在调节细胞骨架和影响细胞紧密连接中起重要作用,而ibeA基因产物在其中的作用较小。     

Invasion of tissue culture cells by diarrhoeagenic strains of Escherichia coli which lack the enteroinvasive inv gene

Abstract Invasive Escherichia coli strains of certain serotypes invade by the same mechanism as the Shigella sp. It has been proposed that invasion of epithelial cells by EPEC strains may also occur; this is a previously overlooked property. In the present study E. coli strains isolated from patients with diarrhoea or ulcerative colitis, lacking the inv plasmid mediating classical invasion, but hybridizing with probes for different adhesins, were analyzed for their ability to invade HeLa and Caco-2 cells. The majority of strains invaded Caco-2 cells to a higher extent than HeLa cells. Adhesion to Caco-2 cells was a prerequisite for subsequent invasion of the cells but EAF, eae , EAgg and other known virulence factors were not sufficient to mediate invasion. In 8/9 E. coli strains invasion was enhanced after growth under iron restriction. Growth during anaerobic conditions did not influence subsequent invasion by E. coli strains whereas 6/9 strains had their invasive ability significantly decreased after growth in the presence of 1% glucose. The invasive process was inhibited by mannose but not by lactose, fucose or galactose. Our data indicate that strains of E. coli may invade Caco-2 cells by novel mechanisms which require adhesion to the cells but which differ from those of Salmonella sp., Yersinia sp., Shigella sp. and classical enteroinvasive E. coli .     

Bacterial penetration across the blood-brain barrier during the development of neonatal meningitis

Bacterial pathogens may breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and invade the central nervous system through paracellular and/or transcellular mechanisms. Transcellular penetration, e.g., transcytosis across the BBB has been demonstrated for Escherichia coli K1, group B streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, Citrobacter freundii and Streptococcus pneumonia strains. Genes contributing to invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells include E. coli K1 genes ompA, ibeA, ibeB, and yijP. Understanding the mechanisms of bacterial penetration across the BBB may help develop novel approaches to preventing bacterial meningitis.     

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 contributes to Escherichia coli K1 invasion of the central nervous system

Escherichia coli K1 invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) is a prerequisite for penetration into the central nervous system and requires actin cytoskeletal rearrangements. Here, we demonstrate that E. coli K1 invasion of BMECs requires RhoA activation. In addition, we show that cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 (CNF1) contributes to E. coli K1 invasion of brain endothelial cells in vitro and traversal of the blood-brain barrier in the experimental hematogenous meningitis animal model. These in vitro and in vivo effects of CNF1 were dependent upon RhoA activation as shown by (a) decreased invasion and RhoA activation with the Delta cnf1 mutant of E. coli K1 and (b) restoration of invasion frequency of the Delta cnf1 mutant to the level of the parent E. coli K1 strain in BMECs with constitutively active RhoA. In addition, CNF1-enhanced E. coli invasion of brain endothelial cells and stress fiber formation were independent of focal adhesion kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation. This is the first demonstration that CNF1 contributes to E. coli K1 invasion of BMECs.     

67-kDa laminin receptor promotes internalization of cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1-expressing Escherichia coli K1 into human brain microvascular endothelial cells

Escherichia coli K1 is the most common Gram-negative organism causing meningitis, and its invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) is a prerequisite for penetration into the central nervous system. We have reported previously that cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) contributes to E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC and interacts with 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor (37LRP) of HBMEC, which is a precursor of 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR). In the present study, we examined the role of 67LR in the CNF1-expressing E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC. Immunofluorescence microscopy and ligand overlay assays showed that 67LR is present on the HBMEC membrane and interacts with CNF1 protein as well as the CDPGYIGSR laminin peptide. 67LR was up-regulated and clustered at the sites of E. coli K1 on HBMEC in a CNF1-dependent manner. Pretreatment of CNF1+ E. coli K1 with recombinant 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor reduced the invasion rate to the level of Deltacnf1 mutant, and the invasion rate of CNF1+ E. coli K1 was enhanced in 67LR-overexpressing HBMEC, indicating 67LR is involved in the CNF1+ E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that, upon incubation with CNF1+ E. coli K1 but not with Deltacnf1 mutant, focal adhesion kinase and paxillin were recruited and associated with 67LR. When immobilized onto polystyrene beads, CNF1 was sufficient to induce internalization of coupled beads into HBMEC through interaction with 67LR. Taken together, this is the first demonstration that E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC occurs through the ligand-receptor (CNF1-67LR) interaction, and 67LR promotes CNF1-expressing E. coli K1 internalization of HBMEC.     

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and interaction with focal adhesion kinase in Escherichia coli K1 invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells

Invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) is a prerequisite for successful crossing of the blood-brain barrier by Escherichia coli K1. We have previously demonstrated the requirement of cytoskeletal rearrangements and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in E. coli K1 invasion of human BMEC (HBMEC). The current study investigated the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation and PI3K interaction with FAK in E. coli invasion of HBMEC. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC in a dose-dependent manner, whereas an inactive analogue LY303511 had no such effect. In HBMEC, E. coli K1 increased phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3K, which was completely blocked by LY294002. In contrast, non-invasive E. coli failed to activate PI3K. Overexpression of PI3K mutants Deltap85 and catalytically inactive p110 in HBMEC significantly inhibited both PI3K/Akt activation and E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC. Stimulation of HBMEC with E. coli K1 increased PI3K association with FAK. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt activation was blocked in HBMEC-overexpressing FAK dominant-negative mutants (FRNK and Phe397FAK). These results demonstrated the involvement of PI3K signaling in E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC and identified a novel role for PI3K interaction with FAK in the pathogenesis of E. coli meningitis.     

脑膜炎大肠杆菌K1株ppk1基因致病机制初探

【目的】构建脑膜炎大肠杆菌K1(Escherichia coli,E.coli K1)株E44的聚磷酸盐激酶1(Polyphosphate kinase 1,PPK1)基因敲除株,并对其生物学功能进行初步研究,为明确ppk1基因在E.coli K1株致脑膜炎机制中的作用奠定基础。【方法】利用自杀质粒pCVD442及基因同源重组技术敲除E.coli K1株E44中的ppk1基因,构建ppk1缺失突变株Δppk1;体外比较野生株和突变株在低营养及氧化压力情况下的生存能力;考察二者对人脑微血管内皮细胞(Human brain microvascular endothelial cells,HBMEC)的黏附能力;通过测定乳酸脱氢酶(Lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)释放活性,比较野生株和突变株对HBMEC的损伤效应。【结果】PCR及序列分析证实,突变株缺失全长ppk1基因。与野生株E44相比,ppk1突变株Δppk1在低营养环境中和氧化刺激条件下的生存能力明显降低。相对于E44,Δppk1对HBMEC的黏附能力减弱。与HBMEC孵育后,突变株孵育组HBMEC的LDH释放活性明显低于野生株孵育组。【结论】ppk1对E.coli K1株E44在低营养环境中的生存、抵抗氧化压力,以及黏附HBMEC和对细胞的毒性损伤有重要作用。     

Effect of rpoS mutations on stress-resistance and invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells in Escherichia coli K1

Escherichia coli K1 strains are predominant in causing neonatal meningitis. We have shown that invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) is a prerequisite for E. coli K1 crossing of the blood-brain barrier. BMEC invasion by E. coli K1 strain RS218, however, has been shown to be significantly greater with stationary-phase cultures than with exponential-phase cultures. Since RpoS participates in regulating stationary-phase gene expression, the present study examined a possible involvement of RpoS in E. coli K1 invasion of BMEC. We found that the cerebrospinal fluid isolates of E. coli K1 strains RS218 and IHE3034 have a nonsense mutation in their rpoS gene. Complementation with the E. coli K12 rpoS gene significantly increased the BMEC invasion of E. coli K1 strain IHE3034, but failed to significantly increase the invasion of another E. coli K1 strain RS218. Of interest, the recovery of E. coli K1 strains following environmental insults was 10-100-fold greater on Columbia blood agar than on LB agar, indicating that growing medium is important for viability of rpoS mutants after environmental insults. Taken together, our data suggest that the growth-phase-dependent E. coli K1 invasion of BMEC is affected by RpoS and other growth-phase-dependent regulatory mechanisms.     

OmpC and the sigma(E) regulatory pathway are involved in adhesion and invasion of the Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli strain LF82

Ileal lesions of 36.4% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), an inflammatory bowel disease in humans, are colonized by pathogenic adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), and high levels of antibodies directed against E. coli OmpC are present in 37-55% of CD patients. We therefore investigated the expression of OmpC and its role in the interaction of CD-associated adherent-invasive E. coli strain LF82 with intestinal epithelial cells. High osmolarity induced a significant increase in the ability of LF82 bacteria to interact with Intestine-407 cells, which correlates with increased OmpC expression. Deletion of ompC gene markedly decreased the adhesion and invasion levels of the corresponding mutant. A LF82-DeltaompR mutant impaired in OmpC and OmpF expression, showed decreased adhesion and invasion, and unlike a K-12-negative OmpR mutant did not express flagella and type 1 pili. Interestingly, the wild-type phenotype was restored when OmpC or OmpF expression was induced in the LF82-DeltaompR mutant. Overexpression of RpoE in the LF82-DeltaompR isogenic mutant restored a full wild-type phenotype without restoring OmpC expression. Increased expression of RpoE was observed in wild-type strain LF82 at high osmolarity. Hence, the role of OmpC in the AIEC LF82 adhesion and invasion is indirect and involves the sigma(E) regulatory pathway.