茶条槭愈伤组织的再生体系建立及其没食子酸含量的测定

通过愈伤组织诱导途径,建立了快速高效的茶条槭再生体系。成熟种子在MS＋1．0mg·L^-1 6-BA的培养基中萌发,以茎段作为外植体,在WPM＋0．002-0．01mg·L^-1 TDZ＋0．1mg·L^-1 6-BAR培养3周诱导形成愈伤组织,诱导频率平均为98．0％。愈伤组织转入WPM＋0．01mg·L^-1 TDZ＋0．1mg·L-^1 6-BA培养基中得到再生芽,分化频率为42．0％,平均每块愈伤产生再生芽10个左右。转到WPM＋0．3mg·L^-1 IBA的培养基上的再生芽均可生根并长成完整植株,小苗移栽成活率达到89．0％。实验还建立了愈伤组织中没食子酸的提取和HPLC检测方法。对深绿色愈伤组织连续培养2个继代后,没食子酸含量达到2．8％。     

火龙果愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

为了建立火龙果愈伤组织诱导与植株再生体系,以火龙果茎段、幼苗和子叶为外植体进行离体培养试验。结果表明：茎段诱导愈伤组织的最优培养基为1／2MS＋2,4-D2．0mg·L^-1＋6-BAO．5mg·L^-1,诱导子叶愈伤组织的最适培养基是1／2MS＋2,4-D2．0mg·L^-1＋6-BA1．0mg·L^-1,诱导愈伤组织分化的最优培养基为1／2MS＋6-BA4．0mg·L^-1＋NAA0．5mg·L^-1,最佳生根培养基为1／2MS＋6．BA1mg·L^-1＋NAA0-3mg·L^-1。     

金山绣线菊遗传转化体系的建立

以金山绣线菊愈伤组织为受体材料,采用组织培养的方法,在附加不同浓度TDZ的1／2MS培养基上诱导培养,获得再生植株。在附加0．03mg·L^-1 TDZ的培养基上获得了92．5％不定芽的再生率,且再生芽发育良好。选择抗生素筛选试验的结果表明：金山绣线菊愈伤组织对潮霉素较为敏感,在培养基中添加浓度为5～35mg·L^-1的潮霉素均对愈伤组织分化影响较大,潮霉素浓度为5mg·L^-1时,4N时间可使外植体全部褐化死亡;在培养基中添加0～100mg·L^-1的卡那霉素,不同浓度卡那霉素均对愈伤组织分化产生一定程度的影响,当卡那霉素浓度为80mg·L^-1时,愈伤组织基本不发生分化。由此确定卡那霉素为绣线菊遗传转化中适用的选择抗生素,最适选择压为80mg·L^-1。抑菌抗生素的筛选试验结果表明：200mg·L^-1的头孢霉素和200mg·L^-1。的羧苄霉素都能有效抑制农杆菌菌株LBA4404的生长,却对金山绣线菊愈伤组织的芽分化影响不大,可确定为适宜的抑菌抗生素。利用农杆菌介导法对金山绣线菊愈伤组织进行遗传转化,得到卡那霉素抗性植株164株,并初步确定预培养1d、菌液稀释10倍、侵染4min、共培养2d为金山绣线菊最优遗传转化体系,为金山绣线菊的基因工程育种奠定基础。     

崖白菜的愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

通过愈伤组织诱导不定芽发生途径,建立了崖白菜的组培再生体系,研究了崖白菜幼嫩子房和不同植物生长调节剂对其愈伤组织诱导和不定芽发生的影响。结果表明,以崖白菜的幼嫩子房作为外植体,诱导子房分化形成愈伤组织的最适培养基为MS＋6．BA1．0mg·L-1＋2,4-D0．2mg·L-1,诱导率可达82．83％;最适的不定芽分化培养基为Ms＋6-BA0．5mg·L-1＋NAA0．1mg·L-1;诱导不定芽生根的最适培养基为1／2MS＋NAA0．1mg·L-1。     

‘巴斗’杏再生体系的建立与耐盐突变体的筛选

以‘巴斗’杏试管苗茎段为外植体,研究其再生体系的建立以及在含不同浓度NaCl培养基上诱导耐盐愈伤组织,筛选耐盐突变体。结果显示：茎段在MS＋6-BA1．5mg·L^-1＋IBA0．5mg·L^-1培养基上诱导愈伤组织效果最好,芽的分化率可达88％;将出芽愈伤组织块接种到附加IBA0．5mg·L^-1＋KT2．0mg·L^-1的MS分化培养基上效果最佳,芽的分化系数最高为12．7;较理想的生根培养基为MS＋NAA0．1mg·L^-1。＋IBA0．2mg·L^-1,生根率在46．3％以上;在含0．8％NaCl的愈伤组织诱导培养基中,连续继代筛选2代,转入不含NaCl的分化培养基中,分化出了完整植株。经继代培养筛选,测定发现获得的耐盐植株比正常培养植株的游离脯氨酸含量高。     

香果树茎段和叶片的组织培养

以香果树（Emmenopterys henryi Oliv．）实生苗带芽茎段和叶片为外植体进行组织培养。结果表明,香果树带芽茎段愈伤组织的最适诱导培养基为含有1．0mg·L^-1～6-BA和0．01mg·L^-1 NAA的MS培养基,愈伤组织诱导率达100％;愈伤组织分化的最适培养基为添加2．0mg·L^-1KT和0．01mg·L^-1 NAA的MS培养基;在含有1．0mg．L^-1～6-BA和0．1mg·L^-1 NAA的MS培养基上,叶片诱导不定芽的效果较好,诱导率可达80％;在含有2．0mg．L^-1 KT和0．1mg·L^-1 NAA的MS培养基上,不定芽的增殖系数可达3—4;以含有1．5mg·L^-1 IBA的1／2MS培养基为生根培养基,香果树试管苗生根率达72．73％。移栽至大田后,香果树试管苗的成活率达到30％。     

苦荞胚性愈伤组织诱导与植株再生研究

以苦荞子叶和下胚轴为外植体,进行了不同浓度激素组合的MS和SH固体培养基对胚性愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究。结果发现,MS培养基比SH培养基更有利于胚性愈伤组织诱导;2,4-D是诱导愈伤组织的有效激素,KT能有效促进胚状体的形成;下胚轴和子叶都能有效诱导出胚性愈伤组织和再生植株。下胚轴在MS 1.5mg·L-12,4-D 1.5mg·L-1BA培养基,子叶在MS 2mg·L-12,4-D 0.5~1.5mg·L-1BA上能高效诱导出愈伤组织;愈伤组织在MS 2mg·L-12,4-D 0.1mg·L-1KT培养基中继代,能有效诱导胚性愈伤组织;来自下胚轴的胚性愈伤组织在1/2MS 2.0mg·L-1BA 0.5mg·L-1KT 0.1mg·L-1NAA培养基上能够高频再生出芽,来自子叶的胚性愈伤组织在1/2MS 1.0mg·L-1BA 0.1mg·L-1KT 0.1mg·L-1NAA培养基上芽诱导率较高;MS 1mg·L-1NAA是适宜的再生苗生根培养基。     

新疆雪莲体细胞胚胎发生

通过体细胞胚胎发生途径实现了新疆雪莲（Saussurea involucrata Kar．et Kir．）的植株再生。选用新疆雪莲子叶为外植体,接种于MS＋0．5mg·L^-12,4-D＋0．05—1mg·L^-1BA的固体培养基上,进行愈伤组织的诱导。从第1次继代培养的愈伤组织中挑选出黄绿色、颗粒状、质地致密的腔陛愈伤组织,转移到含0．05—0．1mg·L^-1 2,4-D的MS液体培养基中进行悬浮培养,20天后可分化产生大量球形胚。继代过程中相继加入PEG和GA3,可以促进体细胞胚的分化和生长。体细胞胚在含有5mg·L^-1 GA3的MS固体培养基上,可发育成完整的植株。     

新型分裂素PBU对尾巨桉胚性愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响

以尾巨桉优良无性系无菌苗茎段为外植体,通过对噻唑基脲类新型分裂素（N-phenyl-N′-[6-（2-chlorobenzothiazol）-yl]urea,PBU）等多种不同浓度生长调节剂组合的优化,进行胚性愈伤组织诱导及植株再生研究。结果表明,在添加了2mg·L^-1PBU和0.05mg·L^-1IAA的改良MS培养基上,茎段外植体培养5d后愈伤组织诱导率达96%以上。将愈伤组织接种在添加1mg·L^-16-BA和0.05mg·L^-1NAA的MS培养基上,诱芽率达90.8%。随后在添加了0.8mg·L^-1PBU与0.05mg·L^-1IAA的1/2MS培养基上诱导芽伸长,用1/2MS培养基附加0.5mg·L^-1IBA诱导生根,移栽后得到完整再生植株。     

胡杨雌花离体培养中的不定根诱导和植株再生体系的建立

正交实验的方差和极差分析表明,胡杨雌花诱导的愈伤组织和芽的效果明显优于雄花;雌花诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基是B5添加1．0mg·L^-16-BA和1．0mg·L^-1。NAA,诱导芽的最适培养基为MS＋0．5mg．L^-16-BA＋0．2mg．L^-1NAA,诱导根的最适培养基为1／2MS＋0．5mg·L^-1IBA。     

Clonal propagation byin vitro culture of Corchorus (jute)

Callus was produced on cotyledon, shoot tip, hypocotyl and root explants of twoCorchorus species on several media. Cytokinin was necessary for callus production on cotyledon explants. BothC.olitorius genotypes produced most callus on media with zeatin and either NAA or IAA, and theC.capsularis genotype produced most callus on media with IAA and either zeatin or BA. High frequencies of regenerated shoots were obtained from shoot tip explants of both species, from the apical meristem and from callus. Media with 2.0 mg 1⁻¹ BA were superior for both species, and media with zeatin were equally good forC.capsularis only. More regeneration was obtained for all genotypes after subculture of callus on media with 2.0 mg 1⁻¹ zeatin. Cotyledon callus produced less regeneration, also with differences between genotypes; explants of both genotypes ofC.olitorius produced regeneration on a medium with NAA and zeatin, and theC.capsularis genotype produced regeneration on a medium with IAA and BA. Limited regeneration from root explant callus was obtained forC.capsularis only on medium with BA and IAA. Regeneration was not obtained from hypocotyl callus. Further regeneration of shoots of both species was obtained from secondary callus after subculture, and from nodal segments of regenerated shoots and of seedling shoots cultured on basic MS medium without growth hormones. Roots were produced on about 80% of all shoots after transference to medium with 0.2 mg 1⁻¹ IBA, and rooted plantlets survived and flowered normally after transference to compost.     

水杉愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

通过愈伤组织诱导器官发生途径,建立了水杉（Metasequoia glyptostroboides）的植株再生体系,探讨了不同外植体（种胚、幼叶切块、茎段、根段）和植物生长调节剂对不定芽直接再生和愈伤组织诱导器官发生的影响。结果表明：以种胚、无菌苗叶片、茎段和根作为外植体,在MS补加2,4-D、NAA和6-BA不同组合的培养基上都能诱导得到愈伤组织,其中种胚诱导愈伤组织效果最好,诱导率可达100%,茎诱导效果次之,诱导率为97.1%。诱导愈伤组织效果较好的培养基有：MS＋1.0mg·L-12,4-D＋0.5mg·L-16-BA、MS＋0.1mg·L-16-BA＋1.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋0.5mg·L-16-BA＋1.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋1.0mg·L-16-BA＋1.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋0.5mg·L-16-BA＋2.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋1.0mg·L-16-BA＋2.0mg·L-1NAA和MS＋0.5mg·L-12,4-D＋0.5mg·L-1NAA。以愈伤组织在MS培养基上植株再生效果最好,再生率为62.5%。     

In vitro studies on Pea (Pisum sativum L.): I. Callus formation,regeneration and rooting

Abstract

Callus production, shoot formation via organogenesis and rooting of the regenerated shoots are reported in an Egyptian variety of Pisum sativum L. Calli were initiated from hypocotyl, leaf, root and mature embryo explants when cultured on MS medium containing B5 vitamins and supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D+1 mg/l kin. Among the different types of explants, hypocotyl showed best potential for callus proliferation. Hypocotyl, leaf and immature cotyledon explants were used for shoot organogenesis. The best results of shoot formation were achieved when hypocotyl explants were cultured on MS-medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BA+1 mg/l NAA. However, immature cotyledon explants showed the highest frequency of shoot formation with 1 mg/l BA. Data of in vitro rooting showed that maximum root frequency occurred on culture medium containing half strength of MS salts, 40 g/l sucrose and 2 mg/l NAA.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> propagation of an endangered plant species, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thermopsis turcica</Emphasis> (Fabaceae)

This report deals with micropropagation of the critically endangered and endemic Turkish shrub, Thermopsis turcica using callus, root and cotyledonary explants. Callus cultures were initiated from root and cotyledon explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.5–20 μM NAA or 2,4-D. The root explants were found to be better in terms of quick responding and callusing percentages as compared to the cotyledons. Organogenic callus production with adventitious roots and shoots were obtained on MS medium with only NAA. The calli obtained with NAA, root and cotyledonary explants were cultured with BA and kinetin (2–8 μM) alone or in combination with a low level (0.5 μM) of 2,4-D or NAA. The best regeneration of shoots from root explants was observed on hormone-free MS medium. NAA with BA or kinetin in the medium improved shoot induction from the calli obtained with NAA. Maximum percentage of shoots (93.3%), maximum number of shoots (6.2) and maximun length of shoots (8.22 cm) were achieved from cotyledonary explants at 4 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA. The presence of 0.5 μM or higher levels of 2,4-D in shoot induction medium inhibited the regeneration in T. turcica explants. 83% of in vitro rooting was attained on pulsed-IBA treated shoots. The regenerated plants with well developed shoots and roots were successfully acclimatized. Application of this study’s results has the potential to conserve T. turcica from extinction.     

In vitro plantlet regeneration from cotyledons of the tree-legume Leucaena leucocephala

Two plant regeneration methods applicable to Leucaenaleucocephala were developed. In the first method, involvingorganogenesis via callus formation, cotyledon, hypocotyl and root segments wereinitiated on MS medium containing different concentrations ofN⁶-benzyladenine (BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), andnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Both compact (type I) and friable (type II) calliwere obtained from the cotyledon and hypocotyl explants treated with differentconcentrations of the growth regulators. Shoots were generated only from thefriable calli formed from the cotyledon explants. The calli formed from thehypocotyl explants did not generate shoots and the root explants died withoutforming callus. Cotyledon explants from 3–4 day old seedlings showedmaximum callus induction compared to those from older seedlings. In a secondmethod involving direct organogenesis, excised cotyledons were cultured on 1/2MS medium containing 10–35 mg l^–1N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) for 7–14 days. Transfer of thecotyledonsto regeneration medium containing low BA resulted in callus formation andsubsequent shoot regeneration from the base of the excised cotyledon explants,with up to 100% frequency. Regenerated shoots rooted best on a basal mediumcontaining no growth regulators.     

Shoot Regeneration from Cultured Leaf Explants of Lycium barbarumand Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation1

A method for fast plant regeneration via organogenesis directly from Lycium barbarumleaf explants has been developed. The key factor for shoot regeneration was the presence of benzyladenine (BA) in the medium. NAA could only induce root formation and explant callusing. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA is the most efficient condition for shoot formation, with up to 92.6% shoot regeneration and no callus formation. All adventitious shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IAA formed an extensive root system. Regenerated plants were morphologically normal and were also proved to be diploid (2n = 24). Using the optimized regeneration system, the genetic transformation of L. barbarumwas carried out mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciensEHA101(pIG121Hm). 11.8% leaf explants produced kanamycin-resistant shoots after infection by A. tumefaciens.The putative transgenic nature of plants was confirmed by GUS assay and PCR analysis. Expression of the nptIIgene in the regenerated plants was also detected by observing the callus formation by leaf pieces on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0–100 mg/l kanamycin.     

药用植物栀子的组织培养

栀子(Gardenia jasminoides)为药用木本植物。以栀子果皮、种子团和种子为外植体,研究不同激素配比及不同培养方式对愈伤组织诱导和芽分化的影响。研究结果表明,培养基成分为MS+0.5 mg·L–12,4-D+0.25 mg·L–16-BA较适宜果皮和种子愈伤组织的诱导,诱导率分别为83.3%和88.5%;培养基成分为MS+1.0 mg·L–12,4-D+1.0 mg·L–16-BA较适宜种子团愈伤组织的诱导,诱导率为78.1%。3种外植体诱导的愈伤组织中,只有种子愈伤组织能通过液体培养分化出芽;TDZ对芽分化有明显的促进作用;最佳的芽分化培养基为MS+0.05 mg·L–1NAA+0.10 mg·L–1TDZ,其愈伤组织分化率为8.75%。该研究以栀子种子为外植体,并获得了再生植株,为药用植物栀子转基因体系的建立奠定了基础。     

Shoot regeneration and the relationship between organogenic capacity and endogenous hormonal contents in pumpkin

To induce multiple shoots from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.), cotyledon explants excised from various ages of seedlings after in vitro germination were cultured on MS augmented with different concentrations of BA (0, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg l⁻¹). The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (63.7%) was observed from seven-day-old cotyledon explants cultured on MS containing 0.5 mg l⁻¹ BA. The frequency and duration of shoot formation showed close correlation with the donor seedling age. By contrast, BA supply was necessary to promote shoot formation but no differences were observed in relation to different concentrations. Multiple shoots elongated on MS supplemented with 0.1 mg l⁻¹ BA and 5–7 shoots per regenerated explant were recovered. Elongated shoots were rooted on MS, which was easier than that on 2/3MS, 1/2MS, or MS supplemented with 0.1 mg l⁻¹ NAA. The rooted shoots were then transferred to greenhouse where they grew and flowered normally. Quantitative analysis of endogenous auxin (IAA) and cytokinins (iPA and ZR) in initial cotyledon explants of different aged seedlings showed that the regeneration ability of cotyledon explants varied dependently on their endogenous iPA contents. This study therefore deduces that the various organogenic capabilities of cotyledon explants from pumpkin are the result of their endogenous hormonal contents.     

2种菊苣再生体系及遗传转化效率的比较

以普那菊苣和将军菊苣子叶为材料,通过植物组织培养的方法,探讨了不同激素浓度配比对二者愈伤组织诱导、芽分化以及根再生的影响,并通过农杆菌介导法将编码獐茅液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因(AlNHX)导入菊苣中,比较普那菊苣和将军菊苣的遗传转化效率。结果表明:不同基因型的菊苣愈伤组织诱导和芽分化条件不同,普那菊苣最佳培养基为MS+1.5mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L IBA;将军菊苣最佳培养基为MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.5mg/L NAA;二者最佳生根培养基均为1/2MS+0.1mg/L NAA。获得的抗性芽经PCR检测,初步证实AlNHX已插入到菊苣基因组中,且普那菊苣转化效率为10.0%,将军菊苣转化效率为13.3%。