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AM真菌在煤矿废弃物中生态适应性的初步研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以粉煤灰、草炭、蛭石、河沙为培养基质,分别对4种不同AM真菌:Glomus mosseae,G.diaphanum,G.intraradices和G.versiforme的生态适应性进行研究。结果表明,菌根的侵染率、孢子密度和菌丝长度分别与菌根真菌种类、培养基质状况及寄主植物种类有关。4种基质的扩繁效果顺序为:河沙>粉煤灰>草炭>蛭石。G.mosseae和G.diaphanum在基质中的产孢量和菌丝长度优于G.intraradices和G.versiforme,可作为优势菌株。4种菌根真菌在粉煤灰中对寄主的侵染率均达到60%以上,粉煤灰作为菌根真菌培养基质具有更大潜力和实际应用价值。 相似文献
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盐渍条件下AM真菌对大豆生长和离子含量的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
盐渍条件下研究了丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对大豆Glycine max植株生长和叶片离子含量的影响。结果表明,接种摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae处理的叶片K+含量和K/Na比显著高于对照,而Na+含量无显著差异。G.mosseae显著增加了大豆植株生长量,这一效应随盐处理浓度的提高而增大。表明盐渍条件下AM真菌提高大豆抗盐性与其增加K+吸收和运输有关。 相似文献
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运用nested-PCR技术和AM真菌特异性引物,建立了用新鲜植物根段直接检测AM真菌的分子生物学方法。以真核生物通用引物LR1和NDL22对混合接种的西红柿新鲜根段进行第1次扩增,将其产物进行稀释,再分别以Glomus intraradices 和Glomus mosseae的种特异性引物8.22和5.25进行第2次扩增。在琼脂糖凝胶上观察到AM真菌种特异性条带;运用该技术检测出混合接种时同一根段内不同的AM真菌,并探讨了真菌在植物根部的竞争性侵染。用盆栽方式种植西红柿,混合接种G. intraradices 和G. mosseae,在1个月后,前者侵染占优势。 相似文献
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试验研究了几种农用杀菌剂和除草剂对土壤丛枝菌根真菌孢子形成和柑桔根系菌根形成的影响。结果表明:大多数杀菌剂的施用显著地抑制了土壤有益微生物的生长和活动,克菌丹对其它土壤微生物抑制的同时并不影响丛枝菌根真菌的生长,田间应用菌根真菌接种时,结合应用克菌丹处理提高了接种的有效性。 相似文献
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为初步探究丛枝菌根(arbuscularmycorrhizal,AM)真菌促进百合生长并延长瓶插过程中切花观赏期的作用机制,于温室盆栽条件下对百合Lilium brownii进行摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae和变形球囊霉Glomusversiforme单一接种或者共同双接种处理。结果表明,共同接种F.mosseae和G.versiforme的百合地上部干重和地下部干重均显著高于不接种对照,分别增加了60%和58%。与不接种对照相比,接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理的百合根尖数、根系长度、分叉数、表面积和根系体积分别比对照增加123%、128%、182%、118%和232%。切花瓶插期间,接种AM真菌处理的百合切花水分平衡值和鲜重变化率显著高于对照处理;乙烯释放速率和呼吸速率显著低于对照,瓶插5d时达到乙烯峰值5.4μL/*g·h (FW)+,共同接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理的百合切花乙烯释放速率比对照降低30%;呼吸速率则在瓶插1d时达到峰值0.7μL/*g·h (FW)+,共同接种比对照降低37%;百合花瓣内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量比对照分别提高19%、32%、52%和26%。百合花瓣内N、P、K、Mg、Ca、Fe和Zn含量均显著高于不接种对照处理,Mn和Cr含量则低于对照;共同接种处理的百合瓶插寿命增加了3d,最佳观赏时间比对照延长2d。结论认为共同接种F. mosseae和G. versiforme处理更加有效地改善切花花枝的水分平衡、营养状况与生理代谢,控制衰老激素的合成,从而延长百合切花的瓶插寿命和最佳观赏期。 相似文献
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对我国云南和海南龙脑香科植物的天然原始林和人工林AM真菌资源进行了调查,对从46处龙脑香林采回的19种龙脑香科树种的根系和根际土壤样品,分别进行显微观察和分离AM真菌的孢子,发现在所调查的19个树种中,所有树种的根系都有不同程度的AM真菌的侵染,高者可达50%,平均为21%,其中在大多数根样中发现有泡囊生成;对土壤样品的分析,分离到大量的孢子,其孢子密度从7~132个/20ml土样不等,平均为58个。对所分离到的孢子进行鉴定,发现无梗囊霉属和球囊霉属的孢子占大多数,其频度和相对多度分别为33.25和46.89;18.04和30.80。研究结果表明,龙脑香科不仅仅能够形成外生菌根,而且也能象大多数热带林木一样能够广泛的形成丛枝菌根。 相似文献
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植物钾营养高效分子遗传机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
钾是植物生长发育所必需的矿质营养元素之一。不同种类植物的钾营养效率存在差异,已有证据表明这种差异是受遗传基因控制的。植物细胞依靠细胞膜上的各种钾转运体和通道蛋白吸收和转运钾离子,这些膜蛋白的活性调控是植物钾营养效率调控的关键和基础。本文对植物钾营养高效性状分子遗传机制以及相关基因的分子功能和调控机制的研究进展进行了简要评述,并讨论了改善作物钾营养高效性状的可能途径。 相似文献
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植物钾营养高效分子遗传机制 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15
钾是植物生长发育所必需的矿质营养元素之一。不同种类植物的钾营养效率存在差异, 已有证据表明这种差异是受遗传基因控制的。植物细胞依靠细胞膜上的各种钾转运体和通道蛋白吸收和转运钾离子, 这些膜蛋白的活性调控是植物钾营养效率调控的关键和基础。本文对植物钾营养高效性状分子遗传机制以及相关基因的分子功能和调控机制的研究进展进行了简要评述, 并讨论了改善作物钾营养高效性状的可能途径。 相似文献
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龙脑香科植物AM真菌的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对我国云南和海南龙脑香科植物的天然原始林和人工林AM真菌资源进行了调查,对从46处龙脑香林采回的19种龙脑香科树种的根系和根际土壤样品,分别进行显微观察和分离AM真菌的孢子,发现在所调查的19个树种中,所有树种的根系都有不同程度的AM真菌的侵染,高者可达50%平均为21%,其中在大多数根样中发现有泡囊生成;对土壤样品的分析,分离到大量的孢子,其袍子密度从7—132个/20ml土样不等,平均为58个。对所分离到的孢子进行鉴定,发现无梗囊霉属和球囊霉属的孢子占大多数,其频度和相对多度分别为33.25和46.89;18.04和30.80。研究结果表明,龙脑香科不仅仅能够形成外生菌根,而且也能象大多数热带林木一样能够广泛的形成丛枝菌根。 相似文献
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Samantha Hover Barnabas King Bradley Hall Eleni-Anna Loundras Hussah Taqi Janet Daly Mark Dallas Chris Peers Esther Schnettler Clive McKimmie Alain Kohl John N. Barr Jamel Mankouri 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2016,291(7):3411-3422
Bunyaviruses are considered to be emerging pathogens facilitated by the segmented nature of their genome that allows reassortment between different species to generate novel viruses with altered pathogenicity. Bunyaviruses are transmitted via a diverse range of arthropod vectors, as well as rodents, and have established a global disease range with massive importance in healthcare, animal welfare, and economics. There are no vaccines or anti-viral therapies available to treat human bunyavirus infections and so development of new anti-viral strategies is urgently required. Bunyamwera virus (BUNV; genus Orthobunyavirus) is the model bunyavirus, sharing aspects of its molecular and cellular biology with all Bunyaviridae family members. Here, we show for the first time that BUNV activates and requires cellular potassium (K+) channels to infect cells. Time of addition assays using K+ channel modulating agents demonstrated that K+ channel function is critical to events shortly after virus entry but prior to viral RNA synthesis/replication. A similar K+ channel dependence was identified for other bunyaviruses namely Schmallenberg virus (Orthobunyavirus) as well as the more distantly related Hazara virus (Nairovirus). Using a rational pharmacological screening regimen, two-pore domain K+ channels (K2P) were identified as the K+ channel family mediating BUNV K+ channel dependence. As several K2P channel modulators are currently in clinical use, our work suggests they may represent a new and safe drug class for the treatment of potentially lethal bunyavirus disease. 相似文献
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为了研究高钾植物商陆高亲和性K+吸收机制,本试验选用野生商陆为材料,以拟南芥、冰叶日中花、小麦、大麦和水稻等多种植物的HAK家族基因的保守序列,设计简并引物,获得了981bp的PaHAK1的基因片段。然后应用RACE技术克隆到PaHAK1基因序列,其cDNA全长为2337bp,编码771个氨基酸。该编码蛋白质分子量为86.66kDa,等电点为7.54。蛋白质疏水性和拓扑结构分析显示该氨基酸序列共有12-13个跨膜区。该cDNA序列与冰叶日中花HAK1基因序列相似性高达88%。Real-TimePCR分析表明PaHAK1主要在商陆根中表达,低钾状态可以诱导PaHAK1的高表达。 相似文献
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Kathleen M. Giangiacomo Augustus Kamassah Guy Harris Owen B. McManus 《The Journal of general physiology》1998,112(4):485-501
Dehydrosoyasaponin-I (DHS-I) is a potent activator of high-conductance, calcium-activated potassium (maxi-K) channels. Interaction of DHS-I with maxi-K channels from bovine aortic smooth muscle was studied after incorporating single channels into planar lipid bilayers. Nanomolar amounts of intracellular DHS-I
caused the appearance of discrete episodes of high channel open probability interrupted by periods of apparently
normal activity. Statistical analysis of these periods revealed two clearly separable gating modes that likely reflect
binding and unbinding of DHS-I. Kinetic analysis of durations of DHS-I-modified modes suggested DHS-I activates maxi-K channels through a high-order reaction. Average durations of DHS-I-modified modes increased with
DHS-I concentration, and distributions of these mode durations contained two or more exponential components.
In addition, dose-dependent increases in channel open probability from low initial values were high order with average Hill slopes of 2.4–2.9 under different conditions, suggesting at least three to four DHS-I molecules bind to
maximally activate the channel. Changes in membrane potential over a 60-mV range appeared to have little effect
on DHS-I binding. DHS-I modified calcium- and voltage-dependent channel gating. 100 nM DHS-I caused a threefold decrease in concentration of calcium required to half maximally open channels. DHS-I shifted the midpoint
voltage for channel opening to more hyperpolarized potentials with a maximum shift of −105 mV. 100 nM DHS-I
had a larger effect on voltage-dependent compared with calcium-dependent channel gating, suggesting DHS-I
may differentiate these gating mechanisms. A model specifying four identical, noninteracting binding sites, where
DHS-I binds to open conformations with 10–20-fold higher affinity than to closed conformations, explained
changes in voltage-dependent gating and DHS-I-induced modes. This model of channel activation by DHS-I may
provide a framework for understanding protein structures underlying maxi-K channel gating, and may provide a
basis for understanding ligand activation of other ion channels. 相似文献
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磷胁迫对烤烟高亲和磷转运蛋白基因表达及磷素吸收利用的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探明缺磷胁迫对烤烟磷吸收的影响机理,以烤烟品种‘豫烟10号’为材料,采用盆栽试验设置不施磷(-P)和正常供磷(+P)2个处理,分析了烟草生育后期根系和叶片中高亲和磷转运蛋白基因NtPht1;1、NtPht1;2(简称PT1、PT2)的表达差异性及其表达量与烟草磷含量、磷积累量的关系。结果表明:(1)随生育期的推进,烤烟根系和叶片的PT1基因相对表达量、PT2基因相对表达量、干物质重和磷素积累量逐渐增加,烟叶的磷含量逐渐降低,根系磷含量无明显的变化规律。(2)磷胁迫促使PT1、PT2基因的表达量上调,其中叶片PT1基因的相对表达量高于根系,叶片PT2基因的相对表达量显著低于根系。(3)磷胁迫限制了烤烟对干物质和磷素的积累,在移栽后90d,-P处理烤烟根系和叶片的干物质重、磷素积累量不到+P处理的一半,处理间差异极显著。研究认为,在缺磷环境下,烟草高亲和磷转运蛋白基因PT1和PT2表达量的增加,是由磷胁迫下烟草体内磷积累量降低所引起的系统性调控。 相似文献