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阐述了基因工程的技术溯源,论述了基因工程在食品工业方面的应用,提出与生产实践相结合的实例;详细介绍了基因工程食品的由来,展望了基因工程技术在食品工业领域中的美好发展前景. 相似文献
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基因工程生物的生态影响及其评价 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
随着基因工程技术的迅速发展,基因工程产生的生物将被广泛地应用于非受控的自然环境中,这将带来诸多的环境和生态方面的问题。本文概述了基因工程生物在非受控环境下可能产生的生态影响,提出了“基因工程生态学”这一新的应用生态学分支领域,探讨了该分支学科的概念、主要研究内容和目标,以及当前应采取的研究策略,并就发展基因工程生态学的有关问题提出了建议。 相似文献
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丝状真菌基因工程研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文评述了丝状真菌基因工程的研究进展,内容涉及已被转化成功的90余种丝状真菌种类及其所利用的选择标记,比较了几种外源DNA进入丝状真菌受体的方法,并较为详细地评述了丝状真菌复制型与整合型转化及其转化子的有性生殖与无性生殖的遗传稳定性,最后,展望了丝状真菌基因工程在农业、工业和医药方面的应用。表明了丝状真菌基因工程具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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随着分子生物学技术的不断发展,重组基因工程乳酸菌取得了较快的进展.本文主要从基因工程乳酸菌在食品、药品、保健品、饲料养殖领域中的应用进行综述,以便正确认识、了解和使用基因工程乳酸菌,对其进一步的研究以及开发应用具有深远的意义. 相似文献
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基因工程的应用及其安全性管理 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
基因工程在农业、食品、医药、环保等方面有广泛的应用,同时对生态环境、人类健康、伦理道德、社会经济有不同程度的影响和潜在危害。加强基因工程的安全管理是基因工程产业健康发展的前提。本文就基因工程的应用及影响、安全性管理等问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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丝状真菌基因工程研究进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文评述了丝状真菌基因工程的研究进展,内容涉及已被转化成功的90余种丝状真中类及其所利用的选择标记,比较了几种外源DNA进入丝状真菌受体的方法,并较为详细地评述了丝状真菌复制型与整合型转化及其转化子的有性生殖与无性生殖的遗传稳定性,最后,展望了丝状真菌基因工程在农业,工业和医药方面的应用。表明了丝状真菌基因工程具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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叶绿体基因组在系统发育学及基因工程领域的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
介绍了叶绿体基因组在系统发育学和基因工程这两个领域的应用研究进展:1)叶绿体基因组的DNA序列比较为植物系统发育学研究提供了可靠数据基础;2)叶绿体基因工程是高水平表达外源基因的重要途径之一,在生产医用蛋白、改良作物农艺性状和环境保护等方面有着广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Summary Transfer of genes from heterologous species provides the means of selectively introducing new traits into crop plants and
expanding the gene pool beyond what has been available to traditional breeding systems. With the recent advances in genetic
engineering of plants, it is now feasible to introduce into crop plants, genes that have previously been inaccessible to the
conventional plant breeder, or which did not exist in the crop of interest. This holds a tremendous potential for the genetic
enhancement of important food crops. However, the availability of efficient transformation methods to introduce foreign DNA
can be a substantial barrier to the application of recombinant DNA methods in some crop plants. Despite significant advances
over the past decades, development of efficient transformation methods can take many years of painstaking research. The major
components for the development of transgenic plants include the development of reliable tissue culture regeneration systems,
preparation of gene constructs and efficient transformation techniques for the introduction of genes into the crop plants,
recovery and multiplication of transgenic plants, molecular and genetic characterization of transgenic plants for stable and
efficient gene expression, transfer of genes to elite cultivars by conventional breeding methods if required, and the evaluation
of transgenic plants for their effectiveness in alleviating the biotic and abiotic stresses without being an environmental
biohazard. Amongst these, protocols for the introduction of genes, including the efficient regeneration of shoots in tissue
cultures, and transformation methods can be major bottlenecks to the application of genetic transformation technology. Some
of the key constraints in transformation procedures and possible solutions for safe development and deployment of transgenic
plants for crop improvement are discussed. 相似文献
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油料作物基因工程育种 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
日新月异的基因工程技术对现代育种学产生了深远的影响 ,特别是转基因油料作物在目前全球种植的转基因作物中占了很大比例 ,对油料作物的基因工程研究更是涉及了抗性育种、品质改良、杂种优势利用和分子农业等广泛的领域。概述了国际上油料作物基因工程研究和商品化应用的现状 ,举例介绍了我国在该领域中取得的主要进展。在综合分析我国该领域研究现状、存在问题和国际发展趋势基础上 ,提出了我国油料作物转基因研究及产业化的发展策略和取得重大进展的突破口 ,着重强调了油料作物基因工程与“生物柴油”战略的结合。 相似文献
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Rice is the most important food crop in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Yield enhancement to increase rice production is one of the essential strategies to meet the demand for food of the growing population. Both abiotic and biotic features limit adversely the productivity of rice growing areas. Conventional breeding has been an effective means for developing high yielding varieties, however; it is associated with its own limitations. It is envisaged that recent trends in biotechnology can contribute to the agronomic improvement of rice in terms of yield and nutritional quality as a supplement to traditional breeding methods. Genetic transformation of rice has demonstrated numerous important opportunities resulting in the genetic improvement of existing elite rice varieties and production of new plant types. Significant advances have been made in the genetic engineering of rice since the first transgenic rice plant production in the late 1980s. Several gene transfer protocols have been employed successfully for the introduction of foreign genes to rice. In more than 60 rice cultivars belonging to indica, japonica, javanica, and elite African cultivars, the protocol has been standardized for transgenic rice production. Selection and use of appropriate promoters, selectable markers, and reporter genes has been helpful for development of efficient protocols for transgenic rice in a number of rice cultivars. The present review is an attempt to assess the current state of development in transgenic rice for the transfer of agronomically useful genes, emphasizing the application and future prospects of transgenic rice production for the genetic improvement of this food crop. 相似文献
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耐盐转基因植物研究进展 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
高盐是限制作物生长、发育和产量的最严重的非生物胁迫之一。长期以来,改善作物的耐盐性一直是一个伟大的目标。然而,由于耐盐反应是一个极为复杂的过程,过去,通过传统的育种和遗传工程取得的成功有限。近十年来,由于分子生物学的发展,发现了一些与耐盐相关的新基因,对于这些基因的表达方式及其在耐盐反应中的作用已逐步得到了解,这为转基因工程提供了新的材料。通过控制耐盐相关基因在植物体内的表达,已获得了一些提高耐盐性的转基因植物,展示了诱人的前景,但该领域研究仍然存在许多困难和问题,文章重点讨论耐盐转基因植物的进展。 相似文献
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Breeding for micronutrients in staple food crops from a human nutrition perspective 总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47
Over three billion people are currently micronutrient (i.e. micronutrient elements and vitamins) malnourished, resulting in egregious societal costs including learning disabilities among children, increased morbidity and mortality rates, lower worker productivity, and high healthcare costs, all factors diminishing human potential, felicity, and national economic development. Nutritional deficiencies (e.g. iron, zinc, vitamin A) account for almost two-thirds of the childhood death worldwide. Most of those afflicted are dependent on staple crops for their sustenance. Importantly, these crops can be enriched (i.e. 'biofortified') with micronutrients using plant breeding and/or transgenic strategies, because micronutrient enrichment traits exist within their genomes that can to used for substantially increasing micronutrient levels in these foods without negatively impacting crop productivity. Furthermore, 'proof of concept' studies have been published using transgenic approaches to biofortify staple crops (e.g. high beta-carotene 'golden rice' grain, high ferritin-Fe rice grain, etc). In addition, micronutrient element enrichment of seeds can increase crop yields when sowed to micronutrient-poor soils, assuring their adoption by farmers. Bioavailability issues must be addressed when employing plant breeding and/or transgenic approaches to reduce micronutrient malnutrition. Enhancing substances (e.g. ascorbic acid, S-containing amino acids, etc) that promote micronutrient bioavailability or decreasing antinutrient substances (e.g. phytate, polyphenolics, etc) that inhibit micronutrient bioavailability, are both options that could be pursued, but the latter approach should be used with caution. The world's agricultural community should adopt plant breeding and other genetic technologies to improve human health, and the world's nutrition and health communities should support these efforts. Sustainable solutions to this enormous global problem of 'hidden hunger' will not come without employing agricultural approaches. 相似文献
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玉米是世界上种植面积最大的粮食作物,为了提高玉米产量和满足人类需求,转基因育种已经成为改良玉米性状的有效手段。自1996年美国种植商业化转基因玉米以来,利用玉米遗传转化技术开发商业化转基因玉米已取得巨大成功。综述了玉米遗传转化体系优化的重要步骤,系统总结了已开发的商业化转基因玉米的种类,并对玉米遗传转化未来发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Michael G Bausher Nameirakpam D Singh Seung-Bum Lee Robert K Jansen Henry Daniell 《BMC plant biology》2006,6(1):21
Background
The production of Citrus, the largest fruit crop of international economic value, has recently been imperiled due to the introduction of the bacterial disease Citrus canker. No significant improvements have been made to combat this disease by plant breeding and nuclear transgenic approaches. Chloroplast genetic engineering has a number of advantages over nuclear transformation; it not only increases transgene expression but also facilitates transgene containment, which is one of the major impediments for development of transgenic trees. We have sequenced the Citrus chloroplast genome to facilitate genetic improvement of this crop and to assess phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of angiosperms. 相似文献20.
对于作物育种而言,早熟性是一种优良的综合性状。因此,探讨如何将常规育种方法和分子生物学技术相结合,用以缩短主要作物品种生育期,对作物生产的发展具有十分重要的意义。本文概括了作物早熟性相关性状,重点阐述了作物早熟性相关性状定位与遗传分析的研究现状,提出了目前作物早熟性育种研究中存在的问题与未来的研究展望。 相似文献