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工业生态学研究现状与展望 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
工业生态学是一门新兴交叉学科,自诞生10多年来,其理论研究与实践活动已经取得了长足的进展。首先介绍了工业生态学的缘起,综述了目前国外工业生态学在原料与能量流动(工业代谢)、物质减量化、技术变革和环境、生命周期规划设计与评价、为环境设计、延伸生产者的责任、生态工业园(工业共生系统)、产品导向的环境策略、生态效益等主要领域的研究进展;分析了我国工业生态学的研究现状,并结合国际发展趋势提出了我国工业生态学未来的研究框架和主要研究领域 相似文献
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红壤生态学 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
红壤是一种重要类型的土壤,面积大、分布广,条件优越,开发利用潜力巨大。当前,红壤退化严重、生态环境问题突出,亟待研究治理。建立红壤生态学,将红壤生态学的理论与技术运用到红壤的生态治理、环境改善及其合理开发利用中,既是现实需要又是形势所迫,势在必行。红壤生态学是由土壤学与生态学交叉、复合而形成的一门新兴、边缘农业应用科学,是土壤生态学的一个分支学科。红壤生态学以红壤为研究对象,探索红壤生态系统中生物与生物、生物与环境、环境因子与环境因子之间的相互关系及其作用机理,深入揭示红壤生态系统的结构、功能、演变规律及调控措施,最终目标是要实现红壤资源的可持续利用和红壤生态系统的可持续发展。红壤生态学着重研究以下7个方面的内容:(1)红壤生态系统的结构;(2)红壤生态系统的功能;(3)红壤生态系统的演变;(4)红壤生态系统的退化;(5)红壤生态系统的平衡;(6)红壤生态系统的调控;(7)红壤资源的开发利用。红壤生态学具有以下几个明显的特征:交叉性与边缘性、复合性与综合性、实践性与应用性、理论性与学术性、多样性与复杂性、层次性与系统性,以及长期性与战略性。今后,红壤生态学将向着规范化、数字化、高效化、国际化方向发展。为促进红壤生态学的又好又快发展,应采取以下战略对策:一是培养专门人才;二是增加物质投入;三是建设研发平台;四是加强交流合作;五是勇于开拓创新。 相似文献
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灵长类生态学研究方法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目前,国外对灵长类生态学的研究越来越多,研究内容包括种群动力学、社群结构及行为,野生群繁殖行为等。我国的灵长类生态学研究虽然起步较晚,但发展较快。特别是对我 相似文献
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When looking for a pattern of phytoplankton behaviour across trophic gradients, we need to cross the boundaries between different disciplinary areas, from autoecology to systems ecology, because eutrophication is a complex process which involves different time scales and different levels of community structure. Thus, we submit our observations to the muddled conceptual world of assemblage ecology. These inaccuracies arise, for example, from both species and community arguments; eutrophication as a fertilization or a metabolic phenomenon; and the notions frequently interwoven of pattern, process and rules. We suggest that it is advantageous to tackle this issue from the perspective of general ecology, rather than from a specifically planktonic orientation. In this way, useful general ecological tools, for example, time series and assembly-rule studies, can be used. Time-series study allows the dynamics of any variable to be described or to show that long term variable fluctuations may sometimes be unregulated, in response to some exogenous factor. Rules of assembly help us to resolve which traits are selectively involved during the eutrophication process. In this context, we advocate (1) the use of traits instead of morphospecies in phytoplankton studies, (2) looking for the dynamic patterns of phytoplankton with eutrophication, (3) the use of time series techniques to study phytoplankton trajectories, (4) the use of assembly rules to discern patterns in the formation of multispecies assemblages, (5) the consideration of the pelagic food-web in studies of phytoplankton dynamics and, as an overall suggestion, to borrow knowledge and inspiration from general ecology. 相似文献
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Muir Wood R 《Trends in ecology & evolution》1987,2(9):276-279
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions affect ecosystems on a variety of scales. Trees are particularly susceptible to land movements associated with major fault activity and dendrological studies offer ways of dating past earthquakes, thereby assisting in the prediction of future events. Major eruptions and the largest earthquakes can cause damage that affects patterns of ecological diversity across wide areas, offering a possible measure of earthquake frequency from community composition. 相似文献
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